Friday Prayers ~ Can Jumu’ah prayer be held in Dar al-Harb?

If we say that some country is dar al-harb (abode of war) or dar kufr
(abode of disbelief), do wehave to pray Jumu'ah there? In other words,
do we have to gather for Friday (Jumu'ah) prayer in dar al-harb or dar
kufr?
Praise be to Allaah.
Allaah has enjoined Jumu'ah upon the Muslimswho are settled in a city
orvillage, and He has forbidden them to becomedistracted from that by
buying and selling, etc, because of the general meaning of the verse
(interpretation of the meaning):
"O you who believe (Muslims)! When the call isproclaimed for the
Salaah (prayer) on Friday (Jumu'ah prayer), come to the remembrance of
Allaah [Jumu'ah religious talk (Khutbah) and Salaah (prayer)] and
leave off business (and every other thing). That is better for you if
you did but know!"
[al-Jumu'ah 62:9]
And it was narrated in the hadeeth of 'Abd-Allaah ibn'Umar and Abu
Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with them) that they heard the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say
from the minbar: "There are people who should stop neglecting Jumu'ah,
or else Allaah will put a seal on their hearts, then they will surely
be among the negligent." (Muslim 2/591). And the ummah is agreed on
the fact that Jumu'ah is obligatory. There is no sound evidence in
sharee'ah to indicate that the obligation of praying Jumu'ah applies
only in dar al-Islam and not in daral-harb, so the Muslims who are
settled in dar al-kufr are obliged to perform Jumu'ah prayer if the
conditions are met, following the general meaning of the texts of the
Qur'aan and Sunnah which indicate that it is anindividual obligation
(fard 'ayn) on the Muslims, if theconditions stipulated by sharee'ah
are met.

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It is part of the Sunnah to turn one’s face towards the khateeb and look at him

Friday Prayers ~ During the Friday khutbah,some of the worshippers
look at the khateeb; some look straight ahead; some look at the
ground; and some close their eyes. Is there a specific Sunnah
regarding this matter?
Praise be to Allaah.
It was narrated in a saheeh hadeeth that one of the companions of the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: when the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) mounted the
minbar, we would turn our faces towards him.
(al-Silsilat al_Saheehah by al-Albaani, no. 2080)
It was narrated that Abaanibn 'Abd-Allaah al-Bajili said: I saw 'Udayy
ibn Thaabit turning to face theimaam when he stood to deliver the
khutbah. I said to him, I saw you turn your face towards the imaam. He
said, I saw the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) doing that.
It was narrated that 'Abd-Allaah ibn Mas'ood said: when the Messenger
of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) mounted the
minbar, we would turn our faces towards him him. This was narrated by
al-Tirmidhi, who said, in the same chapter there are reports narrated
from Ibn 'Umar and Muhammadibn al-Fadl. According to the scholars
among the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) and others, thisis to be followed. They regard it as
mustahabb to turn to face the imaam when he delivers the khutbah. This
is the view of Sufyaan al-Thawri, al-Shaafa'i, Ahmad and Ishaaq.
It was narrated that Yahyaa ibn Sa'eed al-Ansaari said: "The Sunnah
when the imaam sits on the minbar on Friday is for all the people to
turn their faces towardshim."
It was narrated from Naafi' that Ibn 'Umar used to finish his tasbeeh
before the imaam came out; when he came out, hewould turn to face him
before the imaam even satdown.
Al-Albaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) compiled these ahaadeethin
al-Silsilat al-Saheehah, no. 2080, and commented on them.
It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with
him) said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) sat on the minbar and we sat aroundhim." (Narrated by
al-Bukhaari, 921)
Al-Bukhaari narrated the hadeeth in "Chapter: The imaam facing the
people, and the people turning their faces towards the imaam when he
delivers the khutbah, and Ibn 'Umar and Anas (may Allaah be pleased
with them) turning their faces towards the imaam."
The point of the hadeeth is that the fact that they sat around him to
listen tohis words implies that they were looking at him in most
cases. This is not affected by what was said earlier about the khateeb
standing during the khutbah, because this implies that he used to
speak whilst he was sitting in a high place and they were sitting at a
lower point. If that was the case at times other than the khutbah,
then it is more appropriate to do that at the time of the khutbah
because there is the command to listen to it attentively.
He said:
"One of the reasons for their turning their faces towards the imaam is
to facilitate their listening to his words, and to observe good
manners when listening to him. If a person turn his face towards him
with the proper physical posture and a focused mind, that will better
enable them to understand his preaching and is in accordance with the
reason why the khateeb is commanded to stand."
And Allaah knows best.

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Friday Prayers ~ Acts of worship which are prescribed on Fridays

He also said:
The scholars said that the reason why it is forbidden to single out
Friday for fasting is that Friday is a day of du'aa', dhikr and
worship, such as ghusl, going early to the prayer, waiting for the
prayer, listening to the khutbah and reciting a lot of dhikr
afterwards, because Allaahsays (interpretation of the meaning):
"Then when the (Jumu'ah) Salaah (prayer) is ended, you may disperse
through the land, and seek the Bounty of Allaah (by working), and
remember Allaah much"
[al-Jumu'ah 62:10]
And there are other acts ofworship to be done on this day. So it is
preferable not to fast then, as this will help a person to perform
these duties in anenergetic manner and enjoy them without feeling
bored or tired. Thisis like the pilgrim on the day of 'Arafah in
'Arafah, because the Sunnah is for him not to fast on that day for the
same reason… This is the reason for not allowing singling out Friday
for fasting. And it was said that the reason isso that people will
not go to extremes in venerating it as happened in the case of
Saturday. But this view is weak, because on that day we offer Jumu'ah
prayer and do other acts of worship which are a kind of veneration.
And it was said that the reason for its prohibition is so that people
would not think that this was obligatory. This is also a weak view
because it is encouraged to fast on Mondays and there was nofear that
anyone would think it was obligatory. Noattention should be paid to
this far-fetched view. The same argument is applicable in the case of
fasting the day of 'Arafah and the day of 'Ashoora', etc. The correct
view is that which we have statedabove.
And Allaah knows best.

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Friday Prayers ~ Acts of worship which are prescribed on Fridays

I know that Friday has many virtues. Could you tell me some acts of
worship that I can do on this day?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Yes, Friday is a good day; there are many ahaadeethwhich speak of its
virtues. See Question no. 9211 .
There are many acts of worship which are prescribed for the Muslim to
do on this day. These include:
1 – Salaat al-Jumu'ah (Friday prayer)
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"O you who believe (Muslims)! When the call isproclaimed for the
Salaah (prayer) on Friday (Jumu'ah prayer), come to the remembrance of
Allaah [Jumu'ah religious talk (Khutbah) and Salaah (prayer)] and
leave off business (and every other thing). That is better for you if
you did but know!"
[al-Jumu'ah 62:9]
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaahhave mercy on him) said in Zaad al-Ma'aad (1/376):
Friday prayer is one of the most important obligations in Islam, and
one of the greatest gatherings of the Muslims. Gathering on Friday is
more important and more obligatory than any other gathering apart from
'Arafah. Whoever neglects it, Allaah will place a seal on his heart.
It was narrated from Abu'l-Ja'd al-Damari – whowas a companion of the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) – that the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Whoever neglects
three Jumu'ahs, Allaah will place a seal on his heart."
Narrated by Abu Dawood, 1052; classed as saheeh byal-Albaani in Saheeh
Abi Dawood, 928
It was narrated from 'Abd-Allaah ibn 'Umar and Abu Hurayrah that they
heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) say on the minbar:
"Let people stop neglecting Jumu'ah, or Allaah will place a seal on
their hearts, then they willbe among those who are neglectful."
Narrated by Muslim, 865.
2 – Making a lot of du'aa'.
On this day there is a time when a person's Lord will answer his
du'aa' – by Allaah's leave.
It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him)
that theMessenger of Allaah (peaceand blessings of Allaah be upon him)
mentioned Friday and said: "On this day there is a time when no Muslim
stands and prays, asking Allaah for something, but Allaah will grant
him it" – and he gestured with his hands toindicate how short that
time is.
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 893; Muslim, 852
3 – Reading Soorat al-Kahf.
It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed al-Khduri that the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Whoever reads Soorat al-Kahf
on Friday, he will be illuminated with light between the two
Fridays."Narrated by al-Haakim; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in
Saheeh al-Targheeb, 836
4 – Sending a lot of blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him).
It was narrated from Aws ibn Aws that the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) said: "The best of your days is Friday. On that
day Adam (peace be upon him) was created; on that day he died; on that
day the Trumpet will be blown; and on that day all of creation will
swoon. So send a great deal of blessings upon me, for your blessings
will be shown to me." They said, "O Messenger of Allaah, how will our
blessings upon you be shown to you when you have turned to dust?" He
said, "Allaah has forbidden the earth to consume the bodies of the
Prophets, peace be upon them."
Narrated by Abu Dawood, 1047; classed as saheeh byIbn al-Qayyim in his
comments on Sunan Abi Dawood, 4/273; classed assaheeh by al-Albaani in
Saheeh Abi Dawood, 925.
He said in 'Awn al-Ma'bood:
Friday is singled out because it is the best of days and the chosen
day. So there is an advantage to sending blessings upon him on that
day that is notpresent on any other day.
Along with these virtues and acts of worship, the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade singling out Friday for
fasting, or singling out thenight of Friday for doing acts of worship
that are not narrated in sharee'ah.
It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet(peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) said: "Do not single out the night of Friday
for qiyaam al-layl, and do not single out the day of Friday for
fasting, unless that is part of the habitual fasting of any one of
you."
(Narrated by Muslim, 1144).
Al-San'aani said in Subul al-Salaam:
This hadeeth indicates that it is haraam to single out the night of
Friday for worship or reading Qur'aan that is not one's regular
custom, apart fromthat which is indicated in the texts, such as
reading Soorat al-Kahf.
Al-Nawawi said:
This hadeeth clearly statesthat it is forbidden to single out the
night of Friday for prayer or the day of Friday for fasting. Itis
agreed (among the scholars) that this is makrooh.

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