What is the reason behind the diseases?
Diseases are one of those things in our lives reminding us of how
weak we truly are. Our perfectly protected bodies can be severely
impaired by a tiny bacteria or a virus that is invisible to naked
eye. Actually a little thinking will make us understand that it is
surprising for our bodies to be so heavily affected by a bacteria.
It is so, because Allah created our body with flawless protection
systems, especially our immune system. It can be comfortably
called a 'strong army' fighting against the enemies of our body.
However, despite all these protective systems, humans can't help
but fall ill very frequently. This should make us understand that
Allah could have created us in such a way that we would never get
ill. Viruses, bacteria would not affect us at all, or these tiny
'enemies' specially prepared would not have existed at all.
However, any person, at any time, can find himself struggling with
a health problem for no apparent reason. For example, one virus
entering the body through a small cut on the skin can spread
throughout the body in a short amount of time. No matter how
advanced the technology is, the simplest virus can overpower us
very easily.
These are not far-fetched scenarios, they can happen to anyone at
anytime; this should make everyone ponder on these facts
thoroughly. Just like all other weaknesses, diseases also are
specially created by Allah for us. Man has a tendency to be arrogant
and conceited, forgetful of his weaknesses. These diseases help man
see and understand his weaknesses and also see the true, undesirable
nature of this life.
The diseases are tests created by Allah so that Muslims will long
for heaven, contemplate the blessings, the gift of health granted to
them by Allah and give thanks to Him and also realize how weak they
are, which should make them surrender to Allah with all their
hearts.
Man tends to take many things for granted in life. However, all
those things in this world that we love so much are simply the
blessings created by Almighty Allah.
For example, many people forget that it is a huge blessing that
every morning we are able to get up and stand and walk easily on
our feet. However, a tiny problem in one foot could cause a big
problem, impeding daily activities. A person who has a foot ache
will then be able to better appreciate the thousand steps he takes
during the day without feeling any pain.
A devout Muslim takes this and many other seemingly unimportant
things as opportunities to give thanks to Allah and get closer to
Him. He remembers that Allah gave him a great blessing by making him
a healthy person. He also sees one more time that it is Allah that
gives the disease and only Allah can heal him, and therefore turns
to Allah for recovery. Every moment when there is a feeling of
pain, he remembers Allah and keeps his heart focused on Allah all
the time.
He who created me and guides me;
He who gives me food and gives me drink;
and when I am ill, it is He who heals me;
He who will cause my death, then give me life;
He who I sincerely hope will forgive my mistakes on the Day of Reckoning.
My Lord, give me right judgment and unite me with the salihun;
and make me highly esteemed among the later peoples;
and make me one of the inheritors of the Garden of Delight,"
(Ash-Shu'ara', 78-85)
Diseases make us understand that being attached to this world is
utterly pointless. They also show us that everything we have is a
part of our test. in this way we can understand that we are only
the poor servants of Allah and can be easily defeated and even
killed by germs. Allah created us, and He protects us from all kinds
of dangers surrounding us. No matter how much one tries to think
otherwise and try to persuade himself that he is powerful, he can
never help or even protect himself if Allah doesn't wish it. If
Allah wills it, Allah can give one diseases and create other
weaknesses in his body that will perfectly make him understand his
frailty .
This life is a place of testing created by Allah. Every person is
responsible for spending his life in a way that pleases Allah and is
tested constantly for this purpose. Those who are following the
orders of Allah and display good morals will deserve to live in
heaven forever. However, those who continue to be arrogant and
prefer a couple of decades of this life over eternal heaven will not
be able to rid themselves from weaknesses, troubles and problems
both in this world and in the hereafter.
Mr. Adnan Oktar explains this life is a place for being tested
ADNAN OKTAR: There won't be an end to the diseases. This life is the
stage for our test. Almost every day a person gets ill. Or almost
everyone gets ill or feels week every week or every 10 days. There
are so many different diseases. And Allah tests His servants with
those. Very natural. So when Allah creates the disease, He also
creates the cure. The disease is very complex and detailed. Allah
creates infection, for example an infection in the chest, which
makes one cough, makes him uncomfortable. And when we look at the
bacteria, the germs causing it, we see an amazingly complex world
under the microscope. They are furnished with very fine details,
systems, they have perfectly designed techniques, employing
breathtaking methods, and they are almost conscious, wise beings.
To fight those, we go to the pharmacy, for a cure, Allah created
perfect, immaculate drug boxes. We open the box and Allah placed
drugs inside a perfect, clean cup.
Allah inspired perfect texts, the explanations written on it.
Explaining to us how we can use it. We look at the molecular
structure of the drugs and it is perfectly neat, complicated,
detailed and finely tuned. When one takes that with food or drinks,
the molecules in the drug get inside the bacteria. It knows the
weaknesses of the bacteria. It just destroys the bacteria. Allah
created it that way. Allah creates both. Allah sometimes creates the
cure, and sometimes He does not. But there is this immaculate system
as a part of our test. Sometimes the drugs are even more complicated
than the disease itself. I was looking at a pharmacy on the way
here. There are so many different drugs. Allah created all of them,
tens of thousands of different types . And thousands of different
diseases. It's so many, it's like it is endless. And so many
different drugs. For example one has a headache, Allah creates that
headache with a special system. There is a medication for it, which
goes to the nervous system, somehow affects the molecular structure,
completely changes it and saves one from the headache and brings
relief.
Mr. Adnan Oktar explains that Allah creates weaknesses especially
for the trial of human beings and It is Allah Who creates the
disease, the medication, the cure, the hospitals and everything used
for the treatment.
ADNAN OKTAR: ...We need to be weak, so that we can be tested. For
example, we have to feel cold when it is cold, get ill, catch a flu,
cold or cancer, otherwise there would be no test. We have to
encounter difficulties. The body has to have problems, because the
perfect body can only be in heaven. If the body was perfect, this
would be like heaven, wouldn't it? The skin has to get old, the
bones should weaken, the eyes should lose their sharpness, one should
need a hearing device. Allah creates the hearing device. For
example, there is conjunctivitis, they produce antiseptic drops for
that. Allah creates the antiseptic drops. They think that Allah
doesn't create the drops and Allah creates only the eye. Actually
it is Allah that creates the drops and the eye. For example, there
is a problem in the brain, Allah creates the imaging equipment.
Allah makes it visible under X-rays and Allah removes the
problematic tissue through an operation. No doctor can remove
anything from the brain with an operation. Allah removes them all.
No one can kill another person. Allah kills them all, Allah just
makes human beings the means for that. Or Allah makes the diseases
the means for that. They can't see this truth, and therefore they
have wrong ideas. For example, deafness, Allah creates the
deafness, Allah creates the hearing device. The hearing device is
very complicated, is made up of hundreds of different components.
So everything is interlinked. For example, one catches a cold, there
are many different drugs produced just to fight colds in the
pharmacy. All packed nicely. Allah creates their packages as well.
And Allah creates the bottle inside the package, all those drugs
inside it, one by one. And then Allah makes the drugs the means for
the recovery. And we can't see them outside, they are pitch black.
Allah gives them color and taste here, in our brains. Allah makes
the cells in the body recognize them, Allah gives the drugs the
needed effect. Allah makes the cells weak, they are created
especially weak by Allah. But it won't be like that in heaven.
Allah creates steel very strong, but human beings are not that
strong, even the cockroaches are very strong. For example,
scorpions are very strong, they are very healthy, they don't get
ill, nothing happens to them, they are not affected by anything.
Many living things are like that, they are very strong. But Allah
says for human beings that "humans are created weak" and they are
weak. So Allah created the weakness and all those systems that will
help us overcome the weakness. For example, some people have
difficulty in breathing and Allah created an oxygen equipment. For
example, a man has asthma and there is a spray to fight that.
Asthma and the spray are all created by Allah, Allah creates the
asthma and the spray. Allah gives that power to the spray to fight
asthma. For example, one coughs, Allah creates the coughing, and
the medication to stop coughing. Allah creates a headache and then
creates a small pill to fight that. Allah creates that medication,
the directions to use it, all of it. They were created together with
the headache.
There would be no test if there was no headache. There would be no
test if there was no cold, or flu. There would be no test if there are
no challenges. For example, he has a heart problem, or a blood
pressure problem, he gets a blood pressure medication and makes it
okay. Normally it is a miracle that the blood pressure stays at
normal levels in humans, normally it should be killing every human
being, but it doesn't. it stays at perfectly balanced levels.
Diastolic, systolic, they are all perfect. Who adjusts it? Who keeps
it under control? There is a special mechanism in the body. If that
mechanism loses its control a bit, only slightly, the blood
pressure would immediately tear our brain, heart, everything apart.
Allah created a perfect system that keeps everything in check all
the time, and the pressure is kept at the right levels all the
time. Not too low, not too high. If it is too low, the person will
fall into a coma, but Almighty Allah doesn't make it too low or too
high. But when it gets high, there is a small pill, a pill you
place under your tongue, or another one and the blood pressure
immediately recognizes that pill, Allah makes it the means and it
immediately stops. Allah creates both of them. For example, people
have blood pressure measurement devices, Allah creates them. A
measuring device is created together with the blood pressure. For
example, dentist and toothache are created together. For example,
the equipment used to treat the toothache, they are more complex than
the tooth, in terms of the general appearance. Of course, the fine
details of the tooth are so complicated, it is breathtaking.
No materialist can even attempt to explain it. But when you look from
outside the equipment is so detailed, complex, fantastic. As the
tooth starts decaying, those tools are created, the dentist is
created. Or for example, something happens to a leg, wheelchairs
are created. Allah creates the wheelchairs and the problem. The
vehicle is created together with the problem. So many things are
created at the same time, everyone thinks they are independent. They
are all created at the same time. For example, glasses are created
together with an eye problem. He puts on his glasses and no more
problems. You know they operate on eyes now, and they correct the
eyes in these operations. Allah corrects it, and cures it. But
these are created as we have to think, otherwise there would be no
test. There is no second system for our test, there is no other
system, this is the only way.
Just think about it, without these, people wouldn't have known
about patience, compassion, forgiveness, helpfulness, endurance or
perseverance in the face of difficulties. We would be very simple,
just a creature that eats. But Allah, with these details, makes us
very complicated, intense and detailed human beings.
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Islam is a religion of Mercy, Peace and Blessing. Its teachings emphasize kind hear tedness, help, sympathy, forgiveness, sacrifice, love and care.Qur’an, the Shari’ah and the life of our beloved Prophet (SAW) mirrors this attribute, and it should be reflected in the conduct of a Momin.Islam appreciates those who are kind to their fellow being,and dislikes them who are hard hearted, curt, and hypocrite.Recall that historical moment, when Prophet (SAW) entered Makkah as a conqueror. There was before him a multitude of surrendered enemies, former oppressors and persecutors, who had evicted the Muslims from their homes, deprived them of their belongings, humiliated and intimidated Prophet (SAW) hatched schemes for his murder and tortured and killed his companions. But Prophet (SAW) displayed his usual magnanimity, generosity, and kind heartedness by forgiving all of them and declaring general amnesty...Subhanallah. May Allah help us tailor our life according to the teachings of Islam. (Aameen)./-
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Saturday, November 2, 2013
Diseases are a part of our test
People whose moral values are rooted in hatred and loathing begin experiencing hell while still in thisworld
People who harbor feelings of hatred and loathing in their hearts
cannot escape the unhappy lives they lead nor the hidden sufferings
they experience until they completely relinquish such emotions. In
addition, people who insist in not adopting these moral values
beloved of Allah and who refuse to live by genuine faith will
continue to live unhappy lives in the hereafter. Those people who do
not live by love, compassion, affection and sincerity in this
world, who are unacquainted with humility and submission and who
adopt obstinacy, rebellion and hypocrisy as principles for living,
will receive an appropriate reward for these moral values in the
hereafter.
People Who Harbor Feelings of Hatred and Loathing Speak of War and
Bloodshed in This World . These People Will Constantly Argue and
Come into Conflict with One Another in Hell.
Those who constantly speak of killing, war and slaughter must bear in
mind they may face the same end in the hereafter. They must not
forget that they may find themselves arguing in pain for ever in the
hereafter and may live in a most uncertain environment. They must
know that the suffering that the loveless and ruthless moral values
that they choose to live by in this world may turn to endless pain
in the hereafter. These moral values cause them to be friends with
nobody in the life of this world, to love and be loved by none, to be
deprived of all such blessings and to live lives of pain.
If Allah so wishes, He can create the same uncertain climate for
these people for all eternity. The Qur'an reveals that the denizens
of hell argue with one another for all eternity and, in addition to
the flames, also suffer the spiritual pain that this climate of
uncertainty leads to:
" All this is certainly true – the bickering of the people of the
Fire." (Surah Sad, 64)
" Arguing in it with one another, they will say,
'By Allah, we were plainly misguided. " (Surat ash-Shu'ara, 96-87)
People Who Harbor Feelings of Hatred and Loathing and Who Are
Miserable and Unhappy in This World Will Be Miserable and Unhappy
in Hell
Since people who live with feelings of hatred and loathing are
bereft of love, they are constantly unhappy in the life of this
world. These people, who experience unhappiness in this world, must
not forget that unhappiness and misery are characteristics of hell.
Allah reveals this in the following verses:
" I have warned you of a fire which rages,
in which only the most wretched will roast –
those who denied and turned away.
Those with most piety will be far removed from it:" (Surat al-Lail, 14-17)
People Who Harbor Feelings of Hatred and Loathing Live Despairing
and Frightened Lives in This World. These People Abandon Hope of
Salvation for All Eternity in the Hereafter .
People who fail to properly appreciate the infinite Might and Mercy
of Allah, and His love and forgiveness toward His servants, may
immediately despair in the face of even the slightest difficulty and
lose hope in Allah's mercy. Yet as this verse tells us, "... Do not
despair of solace from Allah. No one despairs of solace from Allah
except for people who are unbelievers, " (Surah Yusuf, 87) Allah
reveals that this is a characteristic unique to unbelievers.
Therefore, people who refuse to overcome this deficiency in their
moral values, despite knowing full well these commandments of the
Qur'an, should fear falling into a truly despairing state in the
hereafter and suffering this tribulation for all time. Allah reveals
the despair of the denizens of hell as follows in the Qur'an:
" It will not be eased for them. They will be crushed there by
despair." (Surat az-Zukhruf, 75)
" On the Day the Hour arrives the evildoers will be in despair."
(Surat ar-Rum, 12)
The Fire That Burns the Hearts of Those Who Harbor Feelings of
Hatred and Loathing Will Never Be Extinguished
Although there are no external fire and flames in hell, there is a
kind of fire that burns people from the inside. People who have no
fear of Allah, who possess feelings of hatred and loathing, who do
not love others, who have no morals and who are joyless in this
world, live in fear of everything, doubt everything, are
argumentative and live in a constant state of unbearable tension.
This is a representation and form of this fire that burns from the
inside in hell. This fire that burns people on the inside in this
world will continue in the same way in hell. This flame, that burns
their insides and rises to their hearts, will trouble and distress
them enormously. Indeed, this spiritual aspect of the fire of hell
is emphasized in a striking way in the Qur'an, which describes it as
" reaching right into the heart ;"
" And what will convey to you what the Shatterer is?
The kindled Fire of Allah
reaching right into the heart.
It is sealed in above them
in towering columns."
(Surat al-Humazah, 5-9)
Mr. Adnan Oktar Describes How Everyone Will Receive the Exact
Reward for Their Actions in Hell :
Adnan Oktar: There are various levels of hell, as you know. For
example, there is a severe punishment for those who really
persecute others. Or those who persecuted less but had no faith,
they live calmer lives in hell. They are not the same, in other
words, because Allah says he will repay them many times over. For
example, if someone burned someone else to death, he will be
burned. If he boiled them to death, he will be boiled.
Presenter 2: A system of total justice.
Adnan Oktar: Of course. If they put chains on Muslims, they will also
be chained. Full repayment, in other words. Insha'Allah.
Presenter 1: And what about paradise?
Adnan Oktar: It is repayment 10 times, many times over in paradise.
But it is exact repayment in hell. They receive rewards many times
over in paradise. Everyone who goes to paradise is already happy.
But everyone will benefit according to his own intelligence and
strength. I mean, not everyone has the same capacity for love,
affection and pleasure.
Presenter 1: It depends on one's deeds, doesn't it?
Adnan Oktar: Of course. For example, there is a view that really
affects someone. According to his closeness to Allah, piety and
sincerity, of course. It has a powerful effect on some people, but
you cannot tell. Sometimes it is apparent, but sometimes people
really delight in it and sometimes they may just give that
impression. One looks at a flower, for instance, and you say how
much he has been affected by it. But the fact is that he has not
been affected, and is merely posing. Other people do not let on,
but still feel a profound pleasure. You cannot tell that they
experience an intense delight. In paradise too, all the believers
there will imagine they experience the same pleasure. That is
Allah's justice, how they do not know. But they will all experience
different levels of pleasure, according to their piety and their
station. But what people will delight in most, what will most lift
Muslims' spirits, that will most cause them to rejoice, is the
global reign of Islam. It is the coming of Hazrat Mahdi (pbuh) and
the Messiah (pbuh), the appearance of the Messiah (pbuh), in other
words, and their talking to people individually
because they will have truly understood the hereafter when they see
the Messiah. Look, someone (Prophet Jesus (pbuh))disappeared 2,000
years ago and was taken into the Presence of Allah, where he could
not be seen. But 2,000 years later, that same person continues from
where he left off. I mean, this is an absolute and concrete proof for
people, in terms of creation and the hereafter. For them to be
able to understand, insha'Allah.
cannot escape the unhappy lives they lead nor the hidden sufferings
they experience until they completely relinquish such emotions. In
addition, people who insist in not adopting these moral values
beloved of Allah and who refuse to live by genuine faith will
continue to live unhappy lives in the hereafter. Those people who do
not live by love, compassion, affection and sincerity in this
world, who are unacquainted with humility and submission and who
adopt obstinacy, rebellion and hypocrisy as principles for living,
will receive an appropriate reward for these moral values in the
hereafter.
People Who Harbor Feelings of Hatred and Loathing Speak of War and
Bloodshed in This World . These People Will Constantly Argue and
Come into Conflict with One Another in Hell.
Those who constantly speak of killing, war and slaughter must bear in
mind they may face the same end in the hereafter. They must not
forget that they may find themselves arguing in pain for ever in the
hereafter and may live in a most uncertain environment. They must
know that the suffering that the loveless and ruthless moral values
that they choose to live by in this world may turn to endless pain
in the hereafter. These moral values cause them to be friends with
nobody in the life of this world, to love and be loved by none, to be
deprived of all such blessings and to live lives of pain.
If Allah so wishes, He can create the same uncertain climate for
these people for all eternity. The Qur'an reveals that the denizens
of hell argue with one another for all eternity and, in addition to
the flames, also suffer the spiritual pain that this climate of
uncertainty leads to:
" All this is certainly true – the bickering of the people of the
Fire." (Surah Sad, 64)
" Arguing in it with one another, they will say,
'By Allah, we were plainly misguided. " (Surat ash-Shu'ara, 96-87)
People Who Harbor Feelings of Hatred and Loathing and Who Are
Miserable and Unhappy in This World Will Be Miserable and Unhappy
in Hell
Since people who live with feelings of hatred and loathing are
bereft of love, they are constantly unhappy in the life of this
world. These people, who experience unhappiness in this world, must
not forget that unhappiness and misery are characteristics of hell.
Allah reveals this in the following verses:
" I have warned you of a fire which rages,
in which only the most wretched will roast –
those who denied and turned away.
Those with most piety will be far removed from it:" (Surat al-Lail, 14-17)
People Who Harbor Feelings of Hatred and Loathing Live Despairing
and Frightened Lives in This World. These People Abandon Hope of
Salvation for All Eternity in the Hereafter .
People who fail to properly appreciate the infinite Might and Mercy
of Allah, and His love and forgiveness toward His servants, may
immediately despair in the face of even the slightest difficulty and
lose hope in Allah's mercy. Yet as this verse tells us, "... Do not
despair of solace from Allah. No one despairs of solace from Allah
except for people who are unbelievers, " (Surah Yusuf, 87) Allah
reveals that this is a characteristic unique to unbelievers.
Therefore, people who refuse to overcome this deficiency in their
moral values, despite knowing full well these commandments of the
Qur'an, should fear falling into a truly despairing state in the
hereafter and suffering this tribulation for all time. Allah reveals
the despair of the denizens of hell as follows in the Qur'an:
" It will not be eased for them. They will be crushed there by
despair." (Surat az-Zukhruf, 75)
" On the Day the Hour arrives the evildoers will be in despair."
(Surat ar-Rum, 12)
The Fire That Burns the Hearts of Those Who Harbor Feelings of
Hatred and Loathing Will Never Be Extinguished
Although there are no external fire and flames in hell, there is a
kind of fire that burns people from the inside. People who have no
fear of Allah, who possess feelings of hatred and loathing, who do
not love others, who have no morals and who are joyless in this
world, live in fear of everything, doubt everything, are
argumentative and live in a constant state of unbearable tension.
This is a representation and form of this fire that burns from the
inside in hell. This fire that burns people on the inside in this
world will continue in the same way in hell. This flame, that burns
their insides and rises to their hearts, will trouble and distress
them enormously. Indeed, this spiritual aspect of the fire of hell
is emphasized in a striking way in the Qur'an, which describes it as
" reaching right into the heart ;"
" And what will convey to you what the Shatterer is?
The kindled Fire of Allah
reaching right into the heart.
It is sealed in above them
in towering columns."
(Surat al-Humazah, 5-9)
Mr. Adnan Oktar Describes How Everyone Will Receive the Exact
Reward for Their Actions in Hell :
Adnan Oktar: There are various levels of hell, as you know. For
example, there is a severe punishment for those who really
persecute others. Or those who persecuted less but had no faith,
they live calmer lives in hell. They are not the same, in other
words, because Allah says he will repay them many times over. For
example, if someone burned someone else to death, he will be
burned. If he boiled them to death, he will be boiled.
Presenter 2: A system of total justice.
Adnan Oktar: Of course. If they put chains on Muslims, they will also
be chained. Full repayment, in other words. Insha'Allah.
Presenter 1: And what about paradise?
Adnan Oktar: It is repayment 10 times, many times over in paradise.
But it is exact repayment in hell. They receive rewards many times
over in paradise. Everyone who goes to paradise is already happy.
But everyone will benefit according to his own intelligence and
strength. I mean, not everyone has the same capacity for love,
affection and pleasure.
Presenter 1: It depends on one's deeds, doesn't it?
Adnan Oktar: Of course. For example, there is a view that really
affects someone. According to his closeness to Allah, piety and
sincerity, of course. It has a powerful effect on some people, but
you cannot tell. Sometimes it is apparent, but sometimes people
really delight in it and sometimes they may just give that
impression. One looks at a flower, for instance, and you say how
much he has been affected by it. But the fact is that he has not
been affected, and is merely posing. Other people do not let on,
but still feel a profound pleasure. You cannot tell that they
experience an intense delight. In paradise too, all the believers
there will imagine they experience the same pleasure. That is
Allah's justice, how they do not know. But they will all experience
different levels of pleasure, according to their piety and their
station. But what people will delight in most, what will most lift
Muslims' spirits, that will most cause them to rejoice, is the
global reign of Islam. It is the coming of Hazrat Mahdi (pbuh) and
the Messiah (pbuh), the appearance of the Messiah (pbuh), in other
words, and their talking to people individually
because they will have truly understood the hereafter when they see
the Messiah. Look, someone (Prophet Jesus (pbuh))disappeared 2,000
years ago and was taken into the Presence of Allah, where he could
not be seen. But 2,000 years later, that same person continues from
where he left off. I mean, this is an absolute and concrete proof for
people, in terms of creation and the hereafter. For them to be
able to understand, insha'Allah.
Human Sexuality and the Shariat
GENDER IDENTITY
Separate Gender Identity
Allah created 2 different and distinct genders as a pair (75:39,
53:45, 92:3). The male is different from the female (3:36) although
ultimately both are from the same source (4:1, 7:189, 16:72, 30:12,
39:6). Each gender is encouraged to maintain its biological,
psychological, emotional, and social identity. This is for the purpose
of facilitating and regulating relations between the two genders for
the good of the whole society. Parity, a basic phenomenon of creation,
requires that men and women complement one another each bringing to
the relationship unique features of the respective gender identity.
This complementation would be meaningless if the two genders lost
their separate identities.
On the demographic level, there should exist equal numbers of men and
women. This is maintained in a normal social setting. In abnormal
situations the balance may be lost leading to social problems. One of
the signs of the impending last day, yawm al qiyamat, will be gender
imbalance with too many women for few men (KS p. 106). This will be
followed by a lot of adultery, zina (KS p. 264). Gender awareness
develops very early in children. Sexual awareness develops towards
puberty.
Gender Discrimination
Gender separation has been used in a wrong way to discriminate against
women on the basis of their sexuality. In contemporary western society
the woman's body is sometimes treated as a sexual object to be
exploited in the commercial advertisement and entertainment
industries. In pre-Islamic Arabia, jahiliyyat, there was despise for
females, idhlaal al nisa. There was preference for male births and
hatred for females (6:137, 6:140, 6:151, 17:31, 60:12, 81:8-9,
16:58-59). Parents were sad on birth of a daughter (16:58-59, 43:17).
Infant daughters were considered a blemish, aar (16:58-59, 43:17) and
were buried alive, wa'ad al banaat (6:137, 6:140, 6:151, 16:58-59,
17:31, 60:12, 81:8-9). Women were inherited as goods (4:19) and were
denied the good things of life (6:139).
In Christendom, women were blamed fior the original sin of Adam and
Hawa and suffered discrimination as a result. Islam has emphasized
gender identity while rejecting all forms of discrimination against
the woman on the basis of her sexuality.
The Qur'an makes it clear that both Adam and Hawa were misled (2:36,
7:22, 20:121). They both sought forgiveness from Allah and were
forgiven (7:23). In 2 verses it is Adam and not Hawa who is mentioned
as seeking forgiveness (2:37, 20:122). Human sexuality could be a
cause of corruption. Women because of their sexual attractiveness can
be a source of fitnat (MB #1837 Qur'an 64:14). This has been
misunderstood as derogatory to the moral standards of women. In
practice it is men who are more often the active or aggressive party
in sexual corruption and should take the blame. Any situation of
corruption involves both a man and a woman and both are morally
guilty. The law equalizes their guilt and their punishment (24:2). In
the same way Islam equalizes their reward for good work (3:195, 4:124,
16:97, 40:40, 33:35). Men can also be a sexual attraction as the
Qur'an tells us in the story of Yusuf (PBUH). His beauty was a
temptation, fitnat, for women (12:26).
Trans-sexuality
The law considers any blurring of the gender distinction between males
and females as highly undesirable. This applies to the way of
dressing, talking, behaving and socializing. Effeminate men must not
be allowed to enter homes (MB #948). Severe punishment is reserved for
men who try to appear like women, mukhannath, and women who try to
appear like men, mutarajjil, (KS p. 190, KS p. 540). The law specifies
acceptable clothing and other bodily ornamentation for men and women
(KS p. 266, KS p. 466). Only women can use silk (MB p. 947, KS p. 465)
and gold (KS p. 213). It is recommended for men to grow a beard as a
sign of their masculinity (KS p. 468).
EXPRESSION OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
Human Sexuality is Normal
Allah created sexual desire, shahwat, in humans (3:14, 7:81, 27:55).
It is as normal as is the desire for food or shelter. Like other
desires that Allah created in humans it is powerful and can overwhelm
a weak human (23:106). Sexual desire like the desire for food can be
satisfied legally or illegally. It is illegal to satisfy the sexual
desire outside marriage or with a partner of the same gender (7:81,
27:55), or with animals or inanimate things. Humans differ from
animals in that their sexual desire is there all the time. Animals
develop the desire only in the period just before copulation and in
their reproductive season or phase. This period is called estrus in
apes. It is clear that human sexual desire is not only for
reproduction but also for pleasure. In animals sexual desire is
strictly related to the reproductive function. Expression of human
sexuality involves the male and female together. This has been the
convention since the creation of Adam. The mutual needs of men and
women for one another are illustrated in the case of Adam and Hawa (KS
p.41). Allah told him to settle in heaven with his wife.
Monasticism is Forbidden
Islam forbids complete rejection and suppression of the sexual
instinct (MB #1828, 1829, 1830, KS p. 253). The prophet forbade his
companions from castrating themselves so that they may be devoted to
worship, ibadat, all the time. Monasticism as practiced in some
Christian sects and other religions is a human invention (57:27) that
goes against basic human nature.
Sexual Attraction
Allah has created in each gender features that attract the other
gender. These include the physical beauty of the body (shape, size,
movements, texture, color), the voice (pitch and depth), scalp and
body hair (length, distribution, texture). Studies in animals have
shown the existence of pheromones. These are chemical sexual
attractants emitted by females. Their existence in humans is being
studied. Physical beauty is appreciated by Islam and is considered one
of the 4 reasons for marrying a woman (MB #1835). The intending
spouses must see one another before marriage (MB #1846). This is to
ensure that there is enough sexual attraction between them and
prevents the regrets that may occur after marriage. Physical beauty
deteriorates with age. Virginity enhances female sexual attraction and
is considered desirable (56:36, 66:5). Marrying virgins is preferred
(MB #1831) but there is no prejudice against the elderly widowed
(2:234-235) or divorced (2:232) women. Aisha was the only wife of the
Prophet who was a virgin. Shaitan exploits the sexual attraction
between the genders to inflame passions that lead to sexual
transgression. Each person always has shaitan with him or her (KS p.
48). The sexual attractiveness of the woman is generally more than
that of the man. Thus in sexual relations it is the male who usually
seeks out the female. The extra beauty and attractiveness of the woman
can be a temptation for both her and for men (12:23-24 & 12:30-34). A
woman conscious of her beauty may exploit it by being flirtous and
thus exposing herself to men. Men will be attracted by her beauty and
may lose control and commit sexual transgression.
Enhancing Sexual Attractiveness
Human sexual attraction is enhanced in many ways; some are legal
whereas others are not. Clothes enhance physical appearance besides
the functions of covering nakedness and protecting the body against
the elements of the weather. Perfumes and other good smells perhaps
play the role of pheromones in humans. Women and men can dye their
hair (KS p. 215). It is however forbidden to dye the hair black or to
use artificial hair. Circumcision (khitaan) is exercised in many
societies for both men and women. Some societies consider that it
enhances sexuality whereas others consider it to decrease sexuality
and use it to control sexual transgression. Islam did not forbid it
but requires that it be moderate and considerate (KS p. 214).
Circumcision of men is of hygienic importance.
REGULATION OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
Sexual Hygiene
The 2 hollow organs will lead most people to hell: the mouth,fam, and
the genitals,farj(KS p. 178). Both are involved in sexual corruption
one negotiates whereas the other commits the crime. The law has
regulations for proper conduct of sexual relations. These either aim
at decreasing sexual stimulation or removing antecedents of adultery.
Normal functioning of society requires that marriageable men and women
interact. Both genders, in their appearance and behavior, can
stimulate sexual passions. This results into a higher likelihood of
sexual transgression. The physical acts of sexual transgression are
preceded by acts that may not innately be illegal. They are however
forbidden or restricted because they could lead to or facilitate the
commitment of sexual transgression. These restrictions come under the
rubric of prevention of approaching adultery, qurb al zina (6:151,
17:32). The severe punishment for adultery, hadd al zina, (24:2-3) is
a social or public deterrent in cases of flagrant violation of the
law. Under normal circumstances, actual regulation should be social
exercised by the family and not the state.
Control of Sexuality
It is wrong to consider control of human sexuality. It must be
expressed. The issue is the manner in which it is expressed. This may
be right or wrong. For the youths who are not able to marry, fasting
is recommended as a means of controlling the sexual urge for a short
time (MB 440). For the married fasting should not be overused. The
fasting person must remember that the family has rights (MB p 454).
Thus conjugal rights of the husband or wife can not be abolished on
the basis of non-obligatory, nafil, fasting. The individual can
exercise control over the sexual urge even in the presence of extreme
provocation. A husband and wife need not be separated in situations in
which coitus if forbidden like pilgrimage, fasting, or menstruation. A
fasting couple are not allowed to engage in behavior that may make
them lose control and engage in coitus. Kissing of spouses in fasting
is allowed provided there is no fear of transgression otherwise it is
forbidden (KS p. 138).
Psychological Barriers
The family and society must erect psychological barriers that make the
commission of sexual transgression difficult. Severe punishment is
reserved in the hereafter for a person who allows sexual misconduct in
his or her family, duyuuth (KS p. 263). There should exist in society
a psychological revulsion to sexual corruption. Sexual misbehavior,
fahishat, should not be allowed to broadcast openly (4:148, 24:19).
Thus accusations of marital infidelity, al qadhaf, should not be made
without proof and severe punishment is reserved for the accuser who
can not produce 4 witnesses (KS p. 435, 24:4, 24:11-19, 24:23).
Talking about sexual infidelity openly and lightly will eventually
make the crime look ordinary and common and thus easier to commit.
Those who committed sexual transgression should be socially isolated
by not allowing them to marry chaste people but to marry only among
themselves.
Non-coital Adultery
Adultery is a major sin. It has antecedents and if these are avoided
the major ultimate sin may be avoided. The sexual urge is so strong
that many people involved in an antecedent of zina may not be able to
control themselves from going on to commit the illegal coitus. The
concept of non-coital adultery refers to acts and behaviours that lead
to zina. The various organs of the body can therefore be said to
commit non-coital zina, zina al jawarih (MB #2061, KS p. 264). The
eye, the ear, the mouth, and even the legs that walk from place to
place can be accessories to the ultimate sin of illegal coitus. Thus
there are regulations to prevent people from ever getting near
adultery (17:32). The measures that protect the genitals from the
ultimate crime are referred to as hifdh al farj (70:29-30) and inhsan
al furuj (21:91, 24:33, 66:12). Men who protect their genitals are
called al muhswinin and women are called al muhswinat (4:24-25, 5:5,
24:4, 24:23.
Shyness,Haya
The Islamic term haya is not perfectly translated by the English term,
shyness. Haya is an inner spiritual protective device that makes a
person shun sin and what may lead to it. It is not bashfulness or
being introvert as some may think of it. Haya is considered part of
faith, iman (KS p. 206). It is the morality of Islam (KS p. 206). Haya
is always for the good and can never be negative (KS p. 206). It is a
characteristic attribute of all messengers (KS p. 206). The Qur'an
describes in detail the haya of the daughters of Shuaib in their
meeting with Musa (PBUH) which should serve as a model for other women
(28:23-28).
Covering Nakedness,Satr al Awrat
Awrat are those parts of the body that could elicit sexual stimulation
if seen. Covering awrat prevents sexual corruption. Nudity of varying
degrees is found in societies according to their level of sexual
morality. Both men and women must cover the awrat. The awrat of men is
different from that of women. The woman's awrat is all her body except
the face and the hands. The man's awrat is confined to what is between
the navel, surrat, and the knee, rukbat. The extent of covering awrat
also depends on the person likely to see and the person being seen
(24:31). More of the awrat could be exposed to close relatives within
the confines of the home (24:31, 33:55). A close male relative is not
allowed to see a woman's nakedness except what is between the navel
and the knee. The regulations of hijab are relaxed for an elderly
woman with no hope of marriage (24:60). The laws on exposing nakedness
start applying to children from the age of 7. They should seek
permission before entering rooms of adults in the home for fear of
accidental exposure of awrat. Male and female children should not
share beds after the age of 7. The law regulates the use of public
baths. Where it is not possible to cover awrat, public baths are
forbidden (KS p. 203). Naked persons are not allowed in such baths (KS
p. 203). The laws of hijab contain special provisions for women as was
described in the verses on hijab (KS p. 541). It is not enough for the
woman to cover her nakedness. The law of hijab specifies in detail how
that nakedness has to be covered. For example it must be covered in
such a way that the shape of the body is not definable. Clothes
through which the color of the skin can be seen are not permitted. In
general the woman should cover all of her body except the face and the
hands. In cases of high temptation due to her beauty she may have to
wear a full veil covering her face as well.
Seclusion,Khalwat
It is forbidden for a women to be alone with a marriageable man (KS p.
540, MB # 1868). Whenever a man is with a woman in seclusion, shaitan
comes between them. Shaitan is always trying to misguide as he did
with Adam and Hawa (2:36, 7:22, 7:27). Seclusion is defined as a man
being with a marriageable woman who is not his wife in a place where
others can not see them.
Mixing,Ikhtilat
The law prohibits men and women mixing without necessity. When men and
women are together the natural sexual attractiveness could lead them
into temptation. When mixing is unavoidable for societal necessity,
certain etiquette have been prescribed by the law to guide male-female
interaction. Awrat must be covered as prescribed by the law, satr al
awrat (24:31). The regulations of hijab for women must be followed.
Men and women who are strangers to one another have to lower their
gaze, ghadh al basar(24:31), and not look at each other fixedly and
for a prolonged time. Both genders must have haya (28: 23-25). If a
man and woman talk to one another they must be serious, jidiyyat al
takhatub (33:32) and not engage in frivolous talk that could lead to
temptation. An atmosphere of solemnity, wiqaar, must be maintained
during the whole period of interaction (24:31).
Sexual Display,Tabarruj
Women are supposed to conceal their ornamentation from public display
(24:31). Women are discouraged from going out of their homes heavily
adorned with attractive ornamentation (KS p 539). This includes
wearing very heavy perfume in public. Such ornamentation should be
reserved for the home. The ruling is more severe for a wife whose
husband is absent (KS p. 540).
Privacy of the Home,Hurmat al Bayt
A stranger is not allowed to enter a home unless given permission.
This is to preserve the privacy of the occupants. The stranger may
enter unannounced and find them in various degrees of nakedness. Thus
permission to enter ensures that the house occupants' nakedness will
not be exposed accidentally (MB #2060). A wife can not admit a
stranger to her home without the permission of her husband (KS p.
542). Rooms within the home are also private territory that should not
be entered before asking for permission.
HUMAN SEXUALITY AND MARRIAGE
Marriage and Satisfaction of Sexuality
Marriage is a natural human institution. Adam and Hawa were the first
couple (2:35). Marital relations have continued ever since. A spouse
is a source of psychological tranquillity (30:21, 25:74, 7:189).
Marriage is the only institution that allows full expression of human
sexuality in a responsible way. It is described by the Qur'an as a
deep and serious relationship (4:21). The spouses give good company to
one another, mu'asharat (4:19). Islam encourages marriage for all (KS
p. 546). Marriage is protection against sexual immorality (KS p. 547,
60:10). If a man sees an attractive woman he should go to his wife
immediately because that protects him from potential sin (KS p. 155).
Marriage also serves the purpose of procreation to maintain the human
race and rear children until adulthood (3:47, 4;1, 16:72, 19:20).
Marriage is a public affair that must be announced and known in the
community that a couple are husband and wife to avoid any suspicions
that arise in secret marriages (KS p. 547, 2:235). The spouses must
freely consent to enter into a marital relation (4:191). Desire for
sexual satisfaction is a major reason for marriage. It is considered
offensive by the law for a person who has no sexual desire at all to
get married. A person who has desire for sexual satisfaction but has
impediments like poverty or physical disability (disease, impotence)
should control the desire by fasting. The sexual relation in marriage
is wider that coitus. It involves mutual enjoyment such as kissing and
fondling. The marital relation is much wider than a sexual relation.
It involves social and psychological bonding. The husband and wife
have to be close physically, psychologically and emotionally. Mutual
good treatment and sympathetic consideration sustain love after the
initial period of passionate involvement (4:19). The husband and wife
can bathe together and see each other's nakedness (MB p 123/p). The
husband can not keep away from contact with the wife because of
menstruation. He can sleep with his menstruating wife provided both
can control themselves to avoid copulation (MB p. 147). It is
forbidden for a wife to withhold sexual favors from her husband
without a valid reason (KS p. 542). The wife can not fast nafilat
without the permission of the husband (MB #1860) because that would
deny him his conjugal rights.
Prohibition of Temporary Sexual Relations
There are 4 types of temporary sexual relations: (a) temporary
marriage, mut'at (b) prostitution, bighaa (c) adultery between
consenting adults, zina and (d) marriage with the hidden intention to
divorce after a time, zawaaj bi niyyat al talaq. They are forbidden
because they reduce the sexual relation to its physical form without
regard to the emotional, psychological, and social dimensions. They
undermine and destroy the fabric of society. Temporary marriage,
mut'at, is forbidden by law (MB #1844, KS p. 549). This is a type of
marriage contracted by both parties for a fixed period of time. It
violates the need for children to be reared in a permanent family.
Humans require at least 15 years to be reared to adulthood.
Prostitution is the exchange of sexual favors for money. It is
physical enjoyment without emotional or psychological involvement. The
law prohibits forcing girls into prostitution (24:33) for the sake of
money. Adultery, zina, may have some form of emotional and
psychological involvement besides the physical enjoyment but these are
temporary. Some scholars have quoted evidence on the permissibility of
marriage with the intention of divorcing. In our view the practice
involves dishonesty on the part of the husband by failing to disclose
his full intentions to the partner. Disclosure would of course turn
this type of marriage into a form of mut'at marriage.
Privacy of the Sexual Relationship
The sexual attributes of a woman are private between and her husband.
It is forbidden for one women to describe the sexual details of
another women to her husband (MB #1869, KS p. 539). It is forbidden
for both spouses to disclose their sexual experiences to any outside
parties (KS p. 540).
Sexual Attractiveness in Marriage
The sexual attractiveness is a continuous process that is necessary to
bind the 2 spouses together. Some people misunderstand this to mean
that a woman is attractive before marriage in order to attract the man
and need not maintain her attractiveness after that. A married women
must always look attractive to her husband (KS 540). This prevents him
from being tempted by other women. The prophet forbade the return of a
husband from a trip at night because he may surprise his wife who will
not be able to prepare herself and be in the most attractive form (MB
#1871). The wife is entitled to articles of hygiene to maintain her
beauty. This however does not include cosmetics.
Ghiirat
The word ghiirat has been translated incorrectly into English as
jealousy. It is more than simple sexual jealousy. It is a drive in the
spouse and other members of the family to protect the chastity of both
males and females. Ghiirat is commendable (MB p. 904 chapter #30) and
is necessary for proper functioning of society. Too much of it could
be destructive.
Prohibited marriages,Maharim
For proper functioning of the extended family, free and easy social
intercourse must exist among its members. More intimate contacts will
occur among the family members that is possible with outsiders. Sexual
attraction and the sexual desire being human and natural could also
exist within the extended family. The door to this was closed by the
law by declaring degrees of relatives who are not marriageable (4:23)
and with whom close social intercourse is allowed within the family.
COITUS
Purpose
Coitus serves 2 purposes: reproduction and sexual enjoyment. It is the
most intimate and intense physical expression of human sexuality. All
other expressions of sexuality precede or prepare for it. Sexual
enjoyment in marriage, al istimtau fo al zawaj, is normal and is
encouraged (4:24). Some scholars have argued that this enjoyment is
confined to vaginal coitus. The majority argue that the enjoyment
covers all parts of the body unless specifically prohibited by law.
Benefits
Coitus is necessary for child-bearing. Children are a bounty from
Allah, n'imat al dhuriyyat (25:27, 42:49). It is difficult to describe
the benefits of health to physical and psychological health. It is
however known that its deprivation for prolonged periods of time leads
to psychological and emotional disorders
Consummation of Marriage
Marriage is annulled when coitus is physically impossible and there is
no hope for a medical or surgical solution. This may be due to
anatomical or physiological anomalies in both the male and the female.
With recent developments in surgery some of these may be correctable.
Psychogenic factors may cause vaginismus or frigidity in female and
impotence in males. Appropriate treatment may be undertaken to prevent
marital annulment. In cases of male impotence a grace period of 1 year
is allowed while treatment is being sought. After that the marriage
has to be annulled because it can no longer fulfil the fundamental
purpose of protecting chastity of both partners. The marriage is
considered consummated when successful coitus is achieved at least
once. Coital failure after that is not an automatic annulment of
marriage. The marriage payment, mahr, is not due in marriages annulled
before sexual consummation.
Conjugal Rights
Both husband and wife have rights to sexual satisfaction. The conjugal
rights are enforceable by law. None of the spouses can refuse under
reasonable conditions. The refusal of a wife is considered rebellion,
nushuuz, and the law has prescribed remedial measures for it.
Frequency
Like all other human activities there should be a balance between too
little and too much coitus. Too much indulgence could be harmful in
both the physical and psychological dimensions. Too little could be
similarly harmful. The law does not stipulate any particular
frequency. Each couple should find out for themselves what frequency
is sufficient to satisfy and protect, ihswaan,, them from sexual
corruption. Some jurists have argued that once every 4 days is the
ideal based on the reasoning that a man with 4 wives can rotate among
them in 4 days. Omar decreed that no soldier would be kept away from
his wife for longer than 6 months which perhaps sets the upper limit
of sexual deprivation.
Conditions in which Coitus is Forbidden
There are a few conditions in which coitus is prohibited for health or
religious reasons. Coitus with menstruating women is forbidden
(2:222). The same applies to women in the period of post-natal or
post-abortion bleeding, nifaas. Coitus is prohibited during the day
for fasting persons but is allowed at night (2:187). It is prohibited
at all times during the period of ihram in pilgrimage, hajj (2:197).
Coitus is forbidden in the mosque (2:187). A divorced woman is
required by law to stay in her former husband's home for 3 months. He
is prohibited from having sexual relations with her during this time
and if he does the divorce automatically lapses. There are disputes
about the permissibility of coitus with a lactating woman, ghayla. The
best opinion is that it is permissible. It is inconceivable that
sexual relations could be stopped for the period of 2 years that the
Qur'an recommends for breast-feeding.
Actions Prohibited in Sexual Ritual Impurity,Janabat
After coitus and before ritual bath, ghusl, the following acts are
forbidden: (a) reciting the Qur'an (KS p. 163), (b) prayer, salat, (c)
circumbulating the kaaba, tawaaf.
Adab of Sexual Conduct
Coitus is an act of love and not mere physical satisfaction. It should
be approached with that end in mind. Foreplay is a sunnat and it
allows both parties to be psychologically and physiologically
prepared. It is preferable that there is desire in both parties.
Preparation for coitus includes reciting the (KS p. 154) and a
supplication, dua, (MB# 1854, KS p. 155). There is no control of the
manner or postures of coitus provided it is vaginal (KS p. 154) and is
natural. Coitus interruptus ('azl) is permitted (KS p. 154). It is
considered offensive, makruh (KS p. 155). It can not done without the
permission of the wife (KS p. 155). Coitus with women is vaginal. Anal
intercourse is forbidden with both women and men (KS p. 155). It is
recommended to make wudhu if coitus is repeated. Ritual bath, ghusl,
is required after coitus. It has to be undertaken by mere contact of
the male and female genitalia even if no fluids were emitted.
Separate Gender Identity
Allah created 2 different and distinct genders as a pair (75:39,
53:45, 92:3). The male is different from the female (3:36) although
ultimately both are from the same source (4:1, 7:189, 16:72, 30:12,
39:6). Each gender is encouraged to maintain its biological,
psychological, emotional, and social identity. This is for the purpose
of facilitating and regulating relations between the two genders for
the good of the whole society. Parity, a basic phenomenon of creation,
requires that men and women complement one another each bringing to
the relationship unique features of the respective gender identity.
This complementation would be meaningless if the two genders lost
their separate identities.
On the demographic level, there should exist equal numbers of men and
women. This is maintained in a normal social setting. In abnormal
situations the balance may be lost leading to social problems. One of
the signs of the impending last day, yawm al qiyamat, will be gender
imbalance with too many women for few men (KS p. 106). This will be
followed by a lot of adultery, zina (KS p. 264). Gender awareness
develops very early in children. Sexual awareness develops towards
puberty.
Gender Discrimination
Gender separation has been used in a wrong way to discriminate against
women on the basis of their sexuality. In contemporary western society
the woman's body is sometimes treated as a sexual object to be
exploited in the commercial advertisement and entertainment
industries. In pre-Islamic Arabia, jahiliyyat, there was despise for
females, idhlaal al nisa. There was preference for male births and
hatred for females (6:137, 6:140, 6:151, 17:31, 60:12, 81:8-9,
16:58-59). Parents were sad on birth of a daughter (16:58-59, 43:17).
Infant daughters were considered a blemish, aar (16:58-59, 43:17) and
were buried alive, wa'ad al banaat (6:137, 6:140, 6:151, 16:58-59,
17:31, 60:12, 81:8-9). Women were inherited as goods (4:19) and were
denied the good things of life (6:139).
In Christendom, women were blamed fior the original sin of Adam and
Hawa and suffered discrimination as a result. Islam has emphasized
gender identity while rejecting all forms of discrimination against
the woman on the basis of her sexuality.
The Qur'an makes it clear that both Adam and Hawa were misled (2:36,
7:22, 20:121). They both sought forgiveness from Allah and were
forgiven (7:23). In 2 verses it is Adam and not Hawa who is mentioned
as seeking forgiveness (2:37, 20:122). Human sexuality could be a
cause of corruption. Women because of their sexual attractiveness can
be a source of fitnat (MB #1837 Qur'an 64:14). This has been
misunderstood as derogatory to the moral standards of women. In
practice it is men who are more often the active or aggressive party
in sexual corruption and should take the blame. Any situation of
corruption involves both a man and a woman and both are morally
guilty. The law equalizes their guilt and their punishment (24:2). In
the same way Islam equalizes their reward for good work (3:195, 4:124,
16:97, 40:40, 33:35). Men can also be a sexual attraction as the
Qur'an tells us in the story of Yusuf (PBUH). His beauty was a
temptation, fitnat, for women (12:26).
Trans-sexuality
The law considers any blurring of the gender distinction between males
and females as highly undesirable. This applies to the way of
dressing, talking, behaving and socializing. Effeminate men must not
be allowed to enter homes (MB #948). Severe punishment is reserved for
men who try to appear like women, mukhannath, and women who try to
appear like men, mutarajjil, (KS p. 190, KS p. 540). The law specifies
acceptable clothing and other bodily ornamentation for men and women
(KS p. 266, KS p. 466). Only women can use silk (MB p. 947, KS p. 465)
and gold (KS p. 213). It is recommended for men to grow a beard as a
sign of their masculinity (KS p. 468).
EXPRESSION OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
Human Sexuality is Normal
Allah created sexual desire, shahwat, in humans (3:14, 7:81, 27:55).
It is as normal as is the desire for food or shelter. Like other
desires that Allah created in humans it is powerful and can overwhelm
a weak human (23:106). Sexual desire like the desire for food can be
satisfied legally or illegally. It is illegal to satisfy the sexual
desire outside marriage or with a partner of the same gender (7:81,
27:55), or with animals or inanimate things. Humans differ from
animals in that their sexual desire is there all the time. Animals
develop the desire only in the period just before copulation and in
their reproductive season or phase. This period is called estrus in
apes. It is clear that human sexual desire is not only for
reproduction but also for pleasure. In animals sexual desire is
strictly related to the reproductive function. Expression of human
sexuality involves the male and female together. This has been the
convention since the creation of Adam. The mutual needs of men and
women for one another are illustrated in the case of Adam and Hawa (KS
p.41). Allah told him to settle in heaven with his wife.
Monasticism is Forbidden
Islam forbids complete rejection and suppression of the sexual
instinct (MB #1828, 1829, 1830, KS p. 253). The prophet forbade his
companions from castrating themselves so that they may be devoted to
worship, ibadat, all the time. Monasticism as practiced in some
Christian sects and other religions is a human invention (57:27) that
goes against basic human nature.
Sexual Attraction
Allah has created in each gender features that attract the other
gender. These include the physical beauty of the body (shape, size,
movements, texture, color), the voice (pitch and depth), scalp and
body hair (length, distribution, texture). Studies in animals have
shown the existence of pheromones. These are chemical sexual
attractants emitted by females. Their existence in humans is being
studied. Physical beauty is appreciated by Islam and is considered one
of the 4 reasons for marrying a woman (MB #1835). The intending
spouses must see one another before marriage (MB #1846). This is to
ensure that there is enough sexual attraction between them and
prevents the regrets that may occur after marriage. Physical beauty
deteriorates with age. Virginity enhances female sexual attraction and
is considered desirable (56:36, 66:5). Marrying virgins is preferred
(MB #1831) but there is no prejudice against the elderly widowed
(2:234-235) or divorced (2:232) women. Aisha was the only wife of the
Prophet who was a virgin. Shaitan exploits the sexual attraction
between the genders to inflame passions that lead to sexual
transgression. Each person always has shaitan with him or her (KS p.
48). The sexual attractiveness of the woman is generally more than
that of the man. Thus in sexual relations it is the male who usually
seeks out the female. The extra beauty and attractiveness of the woman
can be a temptation for both her and for men (12:23-24 & 12:30-34). A
woman conscious of her beauty may exploit it by being flirtous and
thus exposing herself to men. Men will be attracted by her beauty and
may lose control and commit sexual transgression.
Enhancing Sexual Attractiveness
Human sexual attraction is enhanced in many ways; some are legal
whereas others are not. Clothes enhance physical appearance besides
the functions of covering nakedness and protecting the body against
the elements of the weather. Perfumes and other good smells perhaps
play the role of pheromones in humans. Women and men can dye their
hair (KS p. 215). It is however forbidden to dye the hair black or to
use artificial hair. Circumcision (khitaan) is exercised in many
societies for both men and women. Some societies consider that it
enhances sexuality whereas others consider it to decrease sexuality
and use it to control sexual transgression. Islam did not forbid it
but requires that it be moderate and considerate (KS p. 214).
Circumcision of men is of hygienic importance.
REGULATION OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
Sexual Hygiene
The 2 hollow organs will lead most people to hell: the mouth,fam, and
the genitals,farj(KS p. 178). Both are involved in sexual corruption
one negotiates whereas the other commits the crime. The law has
regulations for proper conduct of sexual relations. These either aim
at decreasing sexual stimulation or removing antecedents of adultery.
Normal functioning of society requires that marriageable men and women
interact. Both genders, in their appearance and behavior, can
stimulate sexual passions. This results into a higher likelihood of
sexual transgression. The physical acts of sexual transgression are
preceded by acts that may not innately be illegal. They are however
forbidden or restricted because they could lead to or facilitate the
commitment of sexual transgression. These restrictions come under the
rubric of prevention of approaching adultery, qurb al zina (6:151,
17:32). The severe punishment for adultery, hadd al zina, (24:2-3) is
a social or public deterrent in cases of flagrant violation of the
law. Under normal circumstances, actual regulation should be social
exercised by the family and not the state.
Control of Sexuality
It is wrong to consider control of human sexuality. It must be
expressed. The issue is the manner in which it is expressed. This may
be right or wrong. For the youths who are not able to marry, fasting
is recommended as a means of controlling the sexual urge for a short
time (MB 440). For the married fasting should not be overused. The
fasting person must remember that the family has rights (MB p 454).
Thus conjugal rights of the husband or wife can not be abolished on
the basis of non-obligatory, nafil, fasting. The individual can
exercise control over the sexual urge even in the presence of extreme
provocation. A husband and wife need not be separated in situations in
which coitus if forbidden like pilgrimage, fasting, or menstruation. A
fasting couple are not allowed to engage in behavior that may make
them lose control and engage in coitus. Kissing of spouses in fasting
is allowed provided there is no fear of transgression otherwise it is
forbidden (KS p. 138).
Psychological Barriers
The family and society must erect psychological barriers that make the
commission of sexual transgression difficult. Severe punishment is
reserved in the hereafter for a person who allows sexual misconduct in
his or her family, duyuuth (KS p. 263). There should exist in society
a psychological revulsion to sexual corruption. Sexual misbehavior,
fahishat, should not be allowed to broadcast openly (4:148, 24:19).
Thus accusations of marital infidelity, al qadhaf, should not be made
without proof and severe punishment is reserved for the accuser who
can not produce 4 witnesses (KS p. 435, 24:4, 24:11-19, 24:23).
Talking about sexual infidelity openly and lightly will eventually
make the crime look ordinary and common and thus easier to commit.
Those who committed sexual transgression should be socially isolated
by not allowing them to marry chaste people but to marry only among
themselves.
Non-coital Adultery
Adultery is a major sin. It has antecedents and if these are avoided
the major ultimate sin may be avoided. The sexual urge is so strong
that many people involved in an antecedent of zina may not be able to
control themselves from going on to commit the illegal coitus. The
concept of non-coital adultery refers to acts and behaviours that lead
to zina. The various organs of the body can therefore be said to
commit non-coital zina, zina al jawarih (MB #2061, KS p. 264). The
eye, the ear, the mouth, and even the legs that walk from place to
place can be accessories to the ultimate sin of illegal coitus. Thus
there are regulations to prevent people from ever getting near
adultery (17:32). The measures that protect the genitals from the
ultimate crime are referred to as hifdh al farj (70:29-30) and inhsan
al furuj (21:91, 24:33, 66:12). Men who protect their genitals are
called al muhswinin and women are called al muhswinat (4:24-25, 5:5,
24:4, 24:23.
Shyness,Haya
The Islamic term haya is not perfectly translated by the English term,
shyness. Haya is an inner spiritual protective device that makes a
person shun sin and what may lead to it. It is not bashfulness or
being introvert as some may think of it. Haya is considered part of
faith, iman (KS p. 206). It is the morality of Islam (KS p. 206). Haya
is always for the good and can never be negative (KS p. 206). It is a
characteristic attribute of all messengers (KS p. 206). The Qur'an
describes in detail the haya of the daughters of Shuaib in their
meeting with Musa (PBUH) which should serve as a model for other women
(28:23-28).
Covering Nakedness,Satr al Awrat
Awrat are those parts of the body that could elicit sexual stimulation
if seen. Covering awrat prevents sexual corruption. Nudity of varying
degrees is found in societies according to their level of sexual
morality. Both men and women must cover the awrat. The awrat of men is
different from that of women. The woman's awrat is all her body except
the face and the hands. The man's awrat is confined to what is between
the navel, surrat, and the knee, rukbat. The extent of covering awrat
also depends on the person likely to see and the person being seen
(24:31). More of the awrat could be exposed to close relatives within
the confines of the home (24:31, 33:55). A close male relative is not
allowed to see a woman's nakedness except what is between the navel
and the knee. The regulations of hijab are relaxed for an elderly
woman with no hope of marriage (24:60). The laws on exposing nakedness
start applying to children from the age of 7. They should seek
permission before entering rooms of adults in the home for fear of
accidental exposure of awrat. Male and female children should not
share beds after the age of 7. The law regulates the use of public
baths. Where it is not possible to cover awrat, public baths are
forbidden (KS p. 203). Naked persons are not allowed in such baths (KS
p. 203). The laws of hijab contain special provisions for women as was
described in the verses on hijab (KS p. 541). It is not enough for the
woman to cover her nakedness. The law of hijab specifies in detail how
that nakedness has to be covered. For example it must be covered in
such a way that the shape of the body is not definable. Clothes
through which the color of the skin can be seen are not permitted. In
general the woman should cover all of her body except the face and the
hands. In cases of high temptation due to her beauty she may have to
wear a full veil covering her face as well.
Seclusion,Khalwat
It is forbidden for a women to be alone with a marriageable man (KS p.
540, MB # 1868). Whenever a man is with a woman in seclusion, shaitan
comes between them. Shaitan is always trying to misguide as he did
with Adam and Hawa (2:36, 7:22, 7:27). Seclusion is defined as a man
being with a marriageable woman who is not his wife in a place where
others can not see them.
Mixing,Ikhtilat
The law prohibits men and women mixing without necessity. When men and
women are together the natural sexual attractiveness could lead them
into temptation. When mixing is unavoidable for societal necessity,
certain etiquette have been prescribed by the law to guide male-female
interaction. Awrat must be covered as prescribed by the law, satr al
awrat (24:31). The regulations of hijab for women must be followed.
Men and women who are strangers to one another have to lower their
gaze, ghadh al basar(24:31), and not look at each other fixedly and
for a prolonged time. Both genders must have haya (28: 23-25). If a
man and woman talk to one another they must be serious, jidiyyat al
takhatub (33:32) and not engage in frivolous talk that could lead to
temptation. An atmosphere of solemnity, wiqaar, must be maintained
during the whole period of interaction (24:31).
Sexual Display,Tabarruj
Women are supposed to conceal their ornamentation from public display
(24:31). Women are discouraged from going out of their homes heavily
adorned with attractive ornamentation (KS p 539). This includes
wearing very heavy perfume in public. Such ornamentation should be
reserved for the home. The ruling is more severe for a wife whose
husband is absent (KS p. 540).
Privacy of the Home,Hurmat al Bayt
A stranger is not allowed to enter a home unless given permission.
This is to preserve the privacy of the occupants. The stranger may
enter unannounced and find them in various degrees of nakedness. Thus
permission to enter ensures that the house occupants' nakedness will
not be exposed accidentally (MB #2060). A wife can not admit a
stranger to her home without the permission of her husband (KS p.
542). Rooms within the home are also private territory that should not
be entered before asking for permission.
HUMAN SEXUALITY AND MARRIAGE
Marriage and Satisfaction of Sexuality
Marriage is a natural human institution. Adam and Hawa were the first
couple (2:35). Marital relations have continued ever since. A spouse
is a source of psychological tranquillity (30:21, 25:74, 7:189).
Marriage is the only institution that allows full expression of human
sexuality in a responsible way. It is described by the Qur'an as a
deep and serious relationship (4:21). The spouses give good company to
one another, mu'asharat (4:19). Islam encourages marriage for all (KS
p. 546). Marriage is protection against sexual immorality (KS p. 547,
60:10). If a man sees an attractive woman he should go to his wife
immediately because that protects him from potential sin (KS p. 155).
Marriage also serves the purpose of procreation to maintain the human
race and rear children until adulthood (3:47, 4;1, 16:72, 19:20).
Marriage is a public affair that must be announced and known in the
community that a couple are husband and wife to avoid any suspicions
that arise in secret marriages (KS p. 547, 2:235). The spouses must
freely consent to enter into a marital relation (4:191). Desire for
sexual satisfaction is a major reason for marriage. It is considered
offensive by the law for a person who has no sexual desire at all to
get married. A person who has desire for sexual satisfaction but has
impediments like poverty or physical disability (disease, impotence)
should control the desire by fasting. The sexual relation in marriage
is wider that coitus. It involves mutual enjoyment such as kissing and
fondling. The marital relation is much wider than a sexual relation.
It involves social and psychological bonding. The husband and wife
have to be close physically, psychologically and emotionally. Mutual
good treatment and sympathetic consideration sustain love after the
initial period of passionate involvement (4:19). The husband and wife
can bathe together and see each other's nakedness (MB p 123/p). The
husband can not keep away from contact with the wife because of
menstruation. He can sleep with his menstruating wife provided both
can control themselves to avoid copulation (MB p. 147). It is
forbidden for a wife to withhold sexual favors from her husband
without a valid reason (KS p. 542). The wife can not fast nafilat
without the permission of the husband (MB #1860) because that would
deny him his conjugal rights.
Prohibition of Temporary Sexual Relations
There are 4 types of temporary sexual relations: (a) temporary
marriage, mut'at (b) prostitution, bighaa (c) adultery between
consenting adults, zina and (d) marriage with the hidden intention to
divorce after a time, zawaaj bi niyyat al talaq. They are forbidden
because they reduce the sexual relation to its physical form without
regard to the emotional, psychological, and social dimensions. They
undermine and destroy the fabric of society. Temporary marriage,
mut'at, is forbidden by law (MB #1844, KS p. 549). This is a type of
marriage contracted by both parties for a fixed period of time. It
violates the need for children to be reared in a permanent family.
Humans require at least 15 years to be reared to adulthood.
Prostitution is the exchange of sexual favors for money. It is
physical enjoyment without emotional or psychological involvement. The
law prohibits forcing girls into prostitution (24:33) for the sake of
money. Adultery, zina, may have some form of emotional and
psychological involvement besides the physical enjoyment but these are
temporary. Some scholars have quoted evidence on the permissibility of
marriage with the intention of divorcing. In our view the practice
involves dishonesty on the part of the husband by failing to disclose
his full intentions to the partner. Disclosure would of course turn
this type of marriage into a form of mut'at marriage.
Privacy of the Sexual Relationship
The sexual attributes of a woman are private between and her husband.
It is forbidden for one women to describe the sexual details of
another women to her husband (MB #1869, KS p. 539). It is forbidden
for both spouses to disclose their sexual experiences to any outside
parties (KS p. 540).
Sexual Attractiveness in Marriage
The sexual attractiveness is a continuous process that is necessary to
bind the 2 spouses together. Some people misunderstand this to mean
that a woman is attractive before marriage in order to attract the man
and need not maintain her attractiveness after that. A married women
must always look attractive to her husband (KS 540). This prevents him
from being tempted by other women. The prophet forbade the return of a
husband from a trip at night because he may surprise his wife who will
not be able to prepare herself and be in the most attractive form (MB
#1871). The wife is entitled to articles of hygiene to maintain her
beauty. This however does not include cosmetics.
Ghiirat
The word ghiirat has been translated incorrectly into English as
jealousy. It is more than simple sexual jealousy. It is a drive in the
spouse and other members of the family to protect the chastity of both
males and females. Ghiirat is commendable (MB p. 904 chapter #30) and
is necessary for proper functioning of society. Too much of it could
be destructive.
Prohibited marriages,Maharim
For proper functioning of the extended family, free and easy social
intercourse must exist among its members. More intimate contacts will
occur among the family members that is possible with outsiders. Sexual
attraction and the sexual desire being human and natural could also
exist within the extended family. The door to this was closed by the
law by declaring degrees of relatives who are not marriageable (4:23)
and with whom close social intercourse is allowed within the family.
COITUS
Purpose
Coitus serves 2 purposes: reproduction and sexual enjoyment. It is the
most intimate and intense physical expression of human sexuality. All
other expressions of sexuality precede or prepare for it. Sexual
enjoyment in marriage, al istimtau fo al zawaj, is normal and is
encouraged (4:24). Some scholars have argued that this enjoyment is
confined to vaginal coitus. The majority argue that the enjoyment
covers all parts of the body unless specifically prohibited by law.
Benefits
Coitus is necessary for child-bearing. Children are a bounty from
Allah, n'imat al dhuriyyat (25:27, 42:49). It is difficult to describe
the benefits of health to physical and psychological health. It is
however known that its deprivation for prolonged periods of time leads
to psychological and emotional disorders
Consummation of Marriage
Marriage is annulled when coitus is physically impossible and there is
no hope for a medical or surgical solution. This may be due to
anatomical or physiological anomalies in both the male and the female.
With recent developments in surgery some of these may be correctable.
Psychogenic factors may cause vaginismus or frigidity in female and
impotence in males. Appropriate treatment may be undertaken to prevent
marital annulment. In cases of male impotence a grace period of 1 year
is allowed while treatment is being sought. After that the marriage
has to be annulled because it can no longer fulfil the fundamental
purpose of protecting chastity of both partners. The marriage is
considered consummated when successful coitus is achieved at least
once. Coital failure after that is not an automatic annulment of
marriage. The marriage payment, mahr, is not due in marriages annulled
before sexual consummation.
Conjugal Rights
Both husband and wife have rights to sexual satisfaction. The conjugal
rights are enforceable by law. None of the spouses can refuse under
reasonable conditions. The refusal of a wife is considered rebellion,
nushuuz, and the law has prescribed remedial measures for it.
Frequency
Like all other human activities there should be a balance between too
little and too much coitus. Too much indulgence could be harmful in
both the physical and psychological dimensions. Too little could be
similarly harmful. The law does not stipulate any particular
frequency. Each couple should find out for themselves what frequency
is sufficient to satisfy and protect, ihswaan,, them from sexual
corruption. Some jurists have argued that once every 4 days is the
ideal based on the reasoning that a man with 4 wives can rotate among
them in 4 days. Omar decreed that no soldier would be kept away from
his wife for longer than 6 months which perhaps sets the upper limit
of sexual deprivation.
Conditions in which Coitus is Forbidden
There are a few conditions in which coitus is prohibited for health or
religious reasons. Coitus with menstruating women is forbidden
(2:222). The same applies to women in the period of post-natal or
post-abortion bleeding, nifaas. Coitus is prohibited during the day
for fasting persons but is allowed at night (2:187). It is prohibited
at all times during the period of ihram in pilgrimage, hajj (2:197).
Coitus is forbidden in the mosque (2:187). A divorced woman is
required by law to stay in her former husband's home for 3 months. He
is prohibited from having sexual relations with her during this time
and if he does the divorce automatically lapses. There are disputes
about the permissibility of coitus with a lactating woman, ghayla. The
best opinion is that it is permissible. It is inconceivable that
sexual relations could be stopped for the period of 2 years that the
Qur'an recommends for breast-feeding.
Actions Prohibited in Sexual Ritual Impurity,Janabat
After coitus and before ritual bath, ghusl, the following acts are
forbidden: (a) reciting the Qur'an (KS p. 163), (b) prayer, salat, (c)
circumbulating the kaaba, tawaaf.
Adab of Sexual Conduct
Coitus is an act of love and not mere physical satisfaction. It should
be approached with that end in mind. Foreplay is a sunnat and it
allows both parties to be psychologically and physiologically
prepared. It is preferable that there is desire in both parties.
Preparation for coitus includes reciting the (KS p. 154) and a
supplication, dua, (MB# 1854, KS p. 155). There is no control of the
manner or postures of coitus provided it is vaginal (KS p. 154) and is
natural. Coitus interruptus ('azl) is permitted (KS p. 154). It is
considered offensive, makruh (KS p. 155). It can not done without the
permission of the wife (KS p. 155). Coitus with women is vaginal. Anal
intercourse is forbidden with both women and men (KS p. 155). It is
recommended to make wudhu if coitus is repeated. Ritual bath, ghusl,
is required after coitus. It has to be undertaken by mere contact of
the male and female genitalia even if no fluids were emitted.
Fathwa, - Father seeks advice regarding his daughters and their marriage
Question
Salmualykum, I am Moslem Arabic man ,my wife is Moslem Asian good
lady, we are married since 27 yearsand and my daughters accordingly
now with two nationalities and two cultures. We are living in my
wife`s advanced African Christian Country where I am working, far from
my home country. Now my daughters are highly educated but they are
getting older and older while there is no proposals for marriage at
all as there is no Arabic Moslems at all here, while the Asian Moslems
here are very little in mumbers ,they prefer their own nationality
Moslems - What I suppose to do ? it is not a situation of finding the
good Moslem man rather than the not vey good Moslem man , it is a
situation of there are no Moslems men at all ? Thank You wasalam
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify
that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that
Muhammadis His slave and Messenger.
First of all, we advise you to seek the help of Allaah The Almighty
and earnestly supplicate Him to facilitate pious husbands for your
daughters. Indeed, Allaah The Almighty ordered us to supplicate Him
and He promised to answer our supplication. Allaah The Almighty Says
)what means(:}And your Lord says, Call upon Me; I will respond to
you." Indeed, those who disdain My worship will enter Hell ]rendered[
contemptible.{]Quran 40:60[
Among the reasons which lead to the acceptance of the supplication is
to respect its conditions and etiquettes. This was discussed in
Fataawa 85974and 83421.
Besides, you should know that the first reason for your condition is
due to residing in a non-Muslim country. Thus, the solution is to move
to a Muslim country where there are competent and suitable men. If it
is not possible for you to do so, then you may propose your daughters
by the means of communication to trustworthy people whom you know from
among their Muslim relatives from the father's side or from the
mother's side in your country or in any other country, as there is
nothing wrong with this Islamically. Indeed,'Umarproposed his
daughterHafsahtoAbu Bakrand then to'Uthmaanbut they both did not agree
to marry her as they knew that the Prophetwas interested in marrying
her.
Allaah Knows best.
Salmualykum, I am Moslem Arabic man ,my wife is Moslem Asian good
lady, we are married since 27 yearsand and my daughters accordingly
now with two nationalities and two cultures. We are living in my
wife`s advanced African Christian Country where I am working, far from
my home country. Now my daughters are highly educated but they are
getting older and older while there is no proposals for marriage at
all as there is no Arabic Moslems at all here, while the Asian Moslems
here are very little in mumbers ,they prefer their own nationality
Moslems - What I suppose to do ? it is not a situation of finding the
good Moslem man rather than the not vey good Moslem man , it is a
situation of there are no Moslems men at all ? Thank You wasalam
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify
that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that
Muhammadis His slave and Messenger.
First of all, we advise you to seek the help of Allaah The Almighty
and earnestly supplicate Him to facilitate pious husbands for your
daughters. Indeed, Allaah The Almighty ordered us to supplicate Him
and He promised to answer our supplication. Allaah The Almighty Says
)what means(:}And your Lord says, Call upon Me; I will respond to
you." Indeed, those who disdain My worship will enter Hell ]rendered[
contemptible.{]Quran 40:60[
Among the reasons which lead to the acceptance of the supplication is
to respect its conditions and etiquettes. This was discussed in
Fataawa 85974and 83421.
Besides, you should know that the first reason for your condition is
due to residing in a non-Muslim country. Thus, the solution is to move
to a Muslim country where there are competent and suitable men. If it
is not possible for you to do so, then you may propose your daughters
by the means of communication to trustworthy people whom you know from
among their Muslim relatives from the father's side or from the
mother's side in your country or in any other country, as there is
nothing wrong with this Islamically. Indeed,'Umarproposed his
daughterHafsahtoAbu Bakrand then to'Uthmaanbut they both did not agree
to marry her as they knew that the Prophetwas interested in marrying
her.
Allaah Knows best.
Fathwa, - Marriage in the pre-Islamic era
Question
what is the method of marriage before Islam in Arabs
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allaah, the Lord of the Worlds. I testify
that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad,
is His Slave and Messenger.
The mother of the believers'Aa'ishahclarified this matter in the
Hadeeth reported byAl-Bukhaarion the authority of'Urwah ibn
Az-ZubayrthatAa'ishah)the wife of the Prophet( informed him thatthere
were four types of marriage during Jaahiliyyah )pre-Islamic period of
Ignorance( was of four kinds:
1-One type was similar to that of the present day, i.e.a man asks the
hand of a woman from her guardian or her father, and he gives Mahr
)dowry( to her and then he marries her.
2-The second type was that a man would say to his wife after she had
become clean from her period. "Send for so-and-so and have sexual
intercourse with him." Her husband would then keep away from her and
would never have sexual intercourse with her till she got pregnant
from the other man with whom she had sexual intercourse. When her
pregnancy became evident, he husband would have sexual intercourse
with her if he wished. Her husband did so )i.e. let his wife have
sexual intercourse with some other man( so that he might have a child
of noble breed. Such marriage was called as Al-Istibdaa'.
3-Another type of marriage was that a group of less than ten men would
assemble and enter upon a woman, and all of them would have sexual
relation with her. If she became pregnant and delivered a child and
some days had passed after delivery, she would send for all of them
and none of them would refuse to come, and when they all gathered
before her, she would say to them, "You )all( know what you have done,
and now I have given birth to a child. So, it is your child O
so-and-so!" naming whoever she liked, and her child would be
attributed to him and he could not deny him.
4-The fourth type of marriage was that many people would enter upon a
woman and she would never refuse anyone who came to her. Those were
the prostitutes who used to fix banners at their doors as a sign
]that they are prostitutes[, and he who would wish, could have sexual
intercourse with them. If anyone of them got pregnant and delivered a
child, then all those men would be gathered for her and they would
call the Qaa'if )some person skilled in recognizing the likeness of a
child to his father( to them and would let the child be attributed to
the man )whom they recognized as his father( and she would let him
adhere to him and be called his son. The man would not refuse all
that.
But when Muhammadwas sent with the truth, he abolished all the types
of marriages observed in Jaahiliyyah except the type of marriage the
people recognize today ]i.e. the Islamic marriage that fulfils all the
conditions and pillars of marriage[."
Allaah Knows best.
what is the method of marriage before Islam in Arabs
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allaah, the Lord of the Worlds. I testify
that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad,
is His Slave and Messenger.
The mother of the believers'Aa'ishahclarified this matter in the
Hadeeth reported byAl-Bukhaarion the authority of'Urwah ibn
Az-ZubayrthatAa'ishah)the wife of the Prophet( informed him thatthere
were four types of marriage during Jaahiliyyah )pre-Islamic period of
Ignorance( was of four kinds:
1-One type was similar to that of the present day, i.e.a man asks the
hand of a woman from her guardian or her father, and he gives Mahr
)dowry( to her and then he marries her.
2-The second type was that a man would say to his wife after she had
become clean from her period. "Send for so-and-so and have sexual
intercourse with him." Her husband would then keep away from her and
would never have sexual intercourse with her till she got pregnant
from the other man with whom she had sexual intercourse. When her
pregnancy became evident, he husband would have sexual intercourse
with her if he wished. Her husband did so )i.e. let his wife have
sexual intercourse with some other man( so that he might have a child
of noble breed. Such marriage was called as Al-Istibdaa'.
3-Another type of marriage was that a group of less than ten men would
assemble and enter upon a woman, and all of them would have sexual
relation with her. If she became pregnant and delivered a child and
some days had passed after delivery, she would send for all of them
and none of them would refuse to come, and when they all gathered
before her, she would say to them, "You )all( know what you have done,
and now I have given birth to a child. So, it is your child O
so-and-so!" naming whoever she liked, and her child would be
attributed to him and he could not deny him.
4-The fourth type of marriage was that many people would enter upon a
woman and she would never refuse anyone who came to her. Those were
the prostitutes who used to fix banners at their doors as a sign
]that they are prostitutes[, and he who would wish, could have sexual
intercourse with them. If anyone of them got pregnant and delivered a
child, then all those men would be gathered for her and they would
call the Qaa'if )some person skilled in recognizing the likeness of a
child to his father( to them and would let the child be attributed to
the man )whom they recognized as his father( and she would let him
adhere to him and be called his son. The man would not refuse all
that.
But when Muhammadwas sent with the truth, he abolished all the types
of marriages observed in Jaahiliyyah except the type of marriage the
people recognize today ]i.e. the Islamic marriage that fulfils all the
conditions and pillars of marriage[."
Allaah Knows best.
Fathwa, - Covering for Muslim women
Question
What is the reason Muslim ladies need to cover the body and hair?
Answer
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds; and blessings and peace be
upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his Family and Companions.
No doubt, wearing Hijab )covering all the body of a woman( and
dressing modestly bring many benefits first of all to the woman
herself and then to the whole community in general. These benefits
include the following: Immorality of women as well as their going
outside without covering their whole bodies cause much harm and bring
many ill effects. Allah commands women to cover themselves from the
gaze of men and forbids them to wear revealing dress.
Allah is addressing Muslim women in the Qur'an as they exclusionary
listen to ot and act accordingly. Allah Says )interpretation of
meaning(: }O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women
of the believers to draw their cloaks )veils( all over their bodies
)i.e.screen themselves completely except the eyes or one eye to see
the way(. That will be better, that they should be known )as free
respectable women( so as not to be annoyed. And Allâh is Ever
OftForgiving, Most Merciful.{]33: 59[. And He also Says: }And stay in
your houses, and do not display yourselves like that of the times of
ignorance, and perform As-Salât )IqamâtasSalât(, and give Zakât and
obey Allâh and His Messenger. Allâh wishes only to remove ArRijs
)evil deeds and sins.( from you, O members of the family )of the
Prophet SAW(, and to purify you with a thorough purification.{ ]33:
33[.
Allah knows best.
What is the reason Muslim ladies need to cover the body and hair?
Answer
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds; and blessings and peace be
upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his Family and Companions.
No doubt, wearing Hijab )covering all the body of a woman( and
dressing modestly bring many benefits first of all to the woman
herself and then to the whole community in general. These benefits
include the following: Immorality of women as well as their going
outside without covering their whole bodies cause much harm and bring
many ill effects. Allah commands women to cover themselves from the
gaze of men and forbids them to wear revealing dress.
Allah is addressing Muslim women in the Qur'an as they exclusionary
listen to ot and act accordingly. Allah Says )interpretation of
meaning(: }O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women
of the believers to draw their cloaks )veils( all over their bodies
)i.e.screen themselves completely except the eyes or one eye to see
the way(. That will be better, that they should be known )as free
respectable women( so as not to be annoyed. And Allâh is Ever
OftForgiving, Most Merciful.{]33: 59[. And He also Says: }And stay in
your houses, and do not display yourselves like that of the times of
ignorance, and perform As-Salât )IqamâtasSalât(, and give Zakât and
obey Allâh and His Messenger. Allâh wishes only to remove ArRijs
)evil deeds and sins.( from you, O members of the family )of the
Prophet SAW(, and to purify you with a thorough purification.{ ]33:
33[.
Allah knows best.
Fathwa, - Women giving alms
Question
What is the meaning of the Prophet ordering that women should give
alms in the Hadith where he saw most of the occupants of Hell-fire
were women?
Answer
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds; and blessings and peace be
upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his Family and Companions.
Once Allah's Apostle went out to the Musalla )to offer the prayer(
'Id-al-Adha or Al-Fitr prayer. Then he passed by the women and said,
"O women! Give alms, as I have seen that the majority of the dwellers
of Hell-fire were you )women(." They asked, "Why is it so, O Allah's
Apostle?" He replied, "You curse frequently and are ungrateful to your
husbands. I have not seen anyone more deficient in intelligence and
religion than you. A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some
of you." The women asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What is deficient in our
intelligence and religion?" He said, "Is not the evidence of two women
equal to the witness of one man?" They replied in the affirmative. He
said, "This is the deficiency in her intelligence. Isn't it true that
a woman can neither pray nor fast during her menses?" The women
replied in the affirmative. He said, "This is the deficiency in her
religion."
So, when the Prophet saw that women outnumbered men in Hell, he told
them the reason for this and advised them of how to avoid being thrown
in Hell-Fire.
The Prophet also said: "A person who calls people towards doing good
deeds will get the same reward as those who follow him and do good,
and nothing will be diminished from the requital of the latter.
Similarly those, who call the people towards vice will have the same
punishment as those who follow them without any diminution in the
punishment of the perpetrators")Muslim(.
As for the way of safety, Allah describes it as: "Verily, the good
deeds remove the evil deeds )i.e. small )sins(." ]11:114[.
So, Allah ordered women to spend on good to expiate for all the bad
that they do.
In another narration of the same Hadith the Prophet added: "And repent
to Allah".
This Hadith is yet another evidence that the Prophet cares very much
about his Ummah; he has not left any form of good without directing us
to it and he has not left any form of bad without clarifying it to us
and warned us of it.
Allah knows best.
What is the meaning of the Prophet ordering that women should give
alms in the Hadith where he saw most of the occupants of Hell-fire
were women?
Answer
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds; and blessings and peace be
upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his Family and Companions.
Once Allah's Apostle went out to the Musalla )to offer the prayer(
'Id-al-Adha or Al-Fitr prayer. Then he passed by the women and said,
"O women! Give alms, as I have seen that the majority of the dwellers
of Hell-fire were you )women(." They asked, "Why is it so, O Allah's
Apostle?" He replied, "You curse frequently and are ungrateful to your
husbands. I have not seen anyone more deficient in intelligence and
religion than you. A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some
of you." The women asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What is deficient in our
intelligence and religion?" He said, "Is not the evidence of two women
equal to the witness of one man?" They replied in the affirmative. He
said, "This is the deficiency in her intelligence. Isn't it true that
a woman can neither pray nor fast during her menses?" The women
replied in the affirmative. He said, "This is the deficiency in her
religion."
So, when the Prophet saw that women outnumbered men in Hell, he told
them the reason for this and advised them of how to avoid being thrown
in Hell-Fire.
The Prophet also said: "A person who calls people towards doing good
deeds will get the same reward as those who follow him and do good,
and nothing will be diminished from the requital of the latter.
Similarly those, who call the people towards vice will have the same
punishment as those who follow them without any diminution in the
punishment of the perpetrators")Muslim(.
As for the way of safety, Allah describes it as: "Verily, the good
deeds remove the evil deeds )i.e. small )sins(." ]11:114[.
So, Allah ordered women to spend on good to expiate for all the bad
that they do.
In another narration of the same Hadith the Prophet added: "And repent
to Allah".
This Hadith is yet another evidence that the Prophet cares very much
about his Ummah; he has not left any form of good without directing us
to it and he has not left any form of bad without clarifying it to us
and warned us of it.
Allah knows best.
Stories of Prophets, - Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH)
The Advent of Ibrahim
Long ago Almighty Allah gave the honor of His choice to a man
calledIbrahim. He became the Prophet. His native Mesopotamia is the
present southern Iraq. He was anideal model for mankind. Speaking
highly of him the Holy Quran says:
"Ibrahim was indeed a paragon of virtue, obedient to Allah, ever
inclined to Him and he was not of those who set up equals to Allah. He
was ever grateful for His favors, We chose him and guided him to a
straight path; and We bestowed on him good in this world and in the
Hereafter, he will surely be among the righteous." ( Surah 16: Verses
121-123)
His Nation was Staunch Worshippers of Idols
In the days of the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon
him)ignoranceprevailed upon the minds of the people. Most of the
people had no knowledge of Allah and His teachings. They worshipped
thesun, the moon and the stars. They wereastronomersand maintained the
records of the movements of the planets. They prayed to theidolsmade
of wood and stone and made many offerings for them. The priests
enjoyed a prominent place in the society. They commanded respect among
their followers. They were paid well. The poor people were ruled by
the chiefs. They were subjected to their cruelty and injustice.
TheProphet Ibrahim(peace be upon him) was the son of Terah whose
surname Adhar was popularly known. He was a doll carver and a staunch
worshipper of idols. He did all he could to compel Ibrahim (peace be
upon him) to worship the handicrafts of man but flatly refused to do
so. Hehated even an idea of worshipping the idolswhich could neither
see, nor hear, nor speak.
The Prophet Ibrahim's Preaching
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him)received the message of
Allahthrough a specialAngel Gabriel (Jibra'il). Gradually he was
commanded to start preaching. As he was astrong manin his will and
determination, he worked very hard. He began his mission in the teeth
of opposition. He argued with his people with great vigor regarding
the folly of worshipping the idols. The Holy Quran says:
"When he said to his father and his people: What are these images to
which you are so devoted ? They replied: We found our fathers
worshipping them. He said: Then you as well as your fathers have
indeed, been in manifest error. They said: Is it really the truth that
you have brought for us or are you jesting ? He replied: Nay, your
Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth; He brought them into
existence and I am of those who bear witness to this, and by Allah, I
will certainly plan against your idols after you have gone away and
turned your backs." ( Surah 21: Verses 53-58)
Opposition by the People and Discussion with the King
The people paid no heed to his teachings. They insisted on their ways.
Theydid not refrainfrom worshipping the twinkling stars, shining moon
and ugly idols. The priests kept on encouraging the people to
disbelieve in the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him). They
wereafraidlest they should be deprived of theirpriesthoodif the people
abandoned idol-worship.
As a matter of fact the kingNemrùd(Namrood) in that area thought
himself to be god. He had a big castle and many soldiers at his
disposal. He desired to argue with the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon
him) one day.
They met to hold discussions: The king looked at the Prophet Ibrahim
(peace be upon him) mockingly for a while. Then he said: What is this
thing you are calling the people for? Why do you persuade the People
to worship God Who is invisible?
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) replied boldly: My God is the
One: Who gives and takes away life.
Nemrùd answered arrogantly: I have also the power to do that. I can
kill the persons and can spare them also.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) asked a clever question that
caught every one by surprise. He said:My God causes the sun to rise
from the East and set it in the West. Can you make it come from the
east?
On hearing the king remained silent because he knew that no man had
the power to do so.
Breakage of the Idols
After a few days a special event took place. There was a grand
ceremony outside the locality and every one had to participate in the
celebrations. Most of the evil-doers drank; liquor and became noisy
and wild. They were losing their balance of mind in a state of
intoxication. There was a great hustle. Almost every one from the town
attended the ceremony except the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him).
He had a special plan in his mind. He proceeded towards the Temple
escaping the sight of others. When he entered the Temple, he saw there
many statues whichstood motionless and helpless.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) lifted his heavy axe andbegan
to smite the idolsturn by turn. The idols fell to the ground with a
big thud. The floor was loaded with numerous noses, ears, heads, arms,
legs and other parts of the idols. Hebroke all the idolsin the
sanctuary but spared the Chief one. He did so todemonstrate that the
idols had no powerto cause harm to any one or bestow benefits upon
others. They were as helpless as mere stones and it is against the
dignity of human beings to pay homage to them. When the Prophet
Ibrahim (peace be upon him) finished his job, he left the Temple
cautiously making sure that no one had seen him.
Decision to burn Ibrahim (PBUH) alive
When the celebrations came to an end, the people returned. The priests
went directly towards the Temple as usual and some people accompanied
them. They saw that the idols weresmashed to pieces. The floor was
littered with stones and the Chief idol was standing with an axe
hanging down along its neck.
The priests began to scream and became confused. The people rushed to
the Temple on hearing a deafening hue and cry. Every one was in a
furious mood. They wanted to know who had dared do this trouble to the
idols. They wished to take revenge. Then some one said that the
Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) would have done so because he
consistently spoke ill of our gods and advised the people to worship
One God. The Holy Quran relates:
"Then he broke them into pieces except the Chief of them that haply
they may return to him. They said: Who has done so to our gods? Most
surely he is one of the evil-doers. We heard a youth called Ibrahim
making mention of them." ( Surah 21: Verse 57)
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was summoned to appear before
the king. When he came, he was asked if he had destroyed all those
idols. He remained silent for a while. Afterwards he directed the king
to ask the chief idol on whose neck was hung the axe with which the
havoc was done.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was mocking and making fun of
thosestupid people who worshipped helpless,dumbanddeaf idolsmade
ofstones. The king as well as the priests did not like to prolong
their discussions because the arguments of the Prophet Ibrahim (peace
be upon him) werevery sound and convincing. The Holy Quran relates:
"Then they said to Ibrahim: Is it you who has done so to our gods? He
replied: Well, some one has surely done this. Here is the chief of
them, so ask them if they can speak. Then they turned towards one
another and said: You yourselves are surely in the wrong. Then they
were made to hung down their heads out of shame and said to Ibrahim:
Certainly you know that they do not speak." ( Surah 21: Verses
65-68).
Although they felt ashamed yet they remained stubborn. Theydecided to
burn the Prophet Ibrahim(peace be upon him) alive for causing
destruction to their idols.
Fire does not Burn The Prophet Ibrahim
A big furnace was prepared for this purpose. The Prophet Ibrahim
(peace be upon him) was tied with a rope and he could hardly move. He
was quitecalm and cheerfulbelieving firmly that Allah would save him.
He did not even resist and the spectators were amazed at his attitude.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was thrown in the center of
the furnace. The flames of the fire were blazing. They sizzled and
hissed but the Almighty Allah ordered the fire not to harm His friend
Ibrahim (peace be upon him):
"We said: O' fire! Be thou a means of comfort and security for
Ibrahim." ( Surah 21: Verses 70)
The transgressors thought that the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him)
had burnt to death. They did not hear the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be
upon him) shouting with pain. Some time later the people saw the
prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him)walking out of the fire safeas if
nothing had touched him. They were much surprised to see him.
Migration to Palestine
In spite of this miracle the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) could
not have a large number of people following his teachings. He went on
preaching and underwent a chain of tests and trials to prove his
obedience and sincerity. When his people tortured the Prophet Ibrahim
(peace be upon him), he wasordered to leavethat area and go to the
blessed land which is now calledPalestine.
In compliance with the Commandment of Almighty Allah the Prophet
Ibrahim (peace be upon him) did not lose a moment's rest without
getting in touch with the people and teaching them about God and His
message. Nothing seemed to discourage him.
Birth of the Prophet Isma'il (PBUH) and Migration to Mecca
As the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) had no off-spring from his
first wifeSarah, he entered into matrimonial alliance with another
woman calledHajira(Hagar). He prayed for a son in all sublimity and
his prayer was granted. Some time later Hajira announced happy news
that she was expecting a baby.
As time passed she gave birth toIsma'il (Ishmael). Soon after God
ordered the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) to take his wife
Hajira and the Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) to thevalley of
Bathã (Makkah).
In accordance with the Divine Commandment he set out on a long and
troublesome journey. They arrived at the spot after a long time. It
was hilly area without any trees and water. They set up their tents
and looked around but nothing was visible except sand. The Prophet
Ismail (peace be upon him) had attained the age of a few months only
when the event of migration took place. He began to cry because
ofthirst. His mother began to look for water but it was not available
anywhere.
Zam Zam is Discovered
She ran desperately inquest of waterbetween two hillocks
calledSafaandMarwabut found no water. She came back to her thirsty
infant and was surprised to see the spring ofZam Zamemerged from
beneath the foot of the Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him). She
heaved a sigh of relief. She quenched the thirst of her baby with
water.
Many people from far and wide came to the spot where Prophet Ibrahim
(peace be upon him) and his family had settled. Gradually this
locality namedMecca (Makkah)became thebirth place of Islam.
Vision of the Prophet Ibrahim Regarding the Sacrifice of the Prophet Isma'il
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) went back to Palestine to join
his first wife, the beloved Sarah. He received a Commandment in his
vision tosacrifice his only son, Isma'il. The Prophet Ibrahim (peace
be upon him) hadno hesitationin complying with what he was ordered to
do but his son was infant at that time. He had to wait until he grew
older.
Due to delay the temptation of not doing what he was supposed to do,
was certainly there. But the Prophet Ibrahim (peace he upon him) had a
solid faith in Allah and hislife was all dedicatedto His' service. So
he kept on waiting until Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) became a
teenager.
One day the father told his son about the dream. To his great surprise
he saw that Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) hadno objectionand was
willing to be sacrificed as Allah had willed it. He said:
"O' my father! Do what you have been commanded to do; then you will
find me of the patients." ( Surah 37: Verses 10-11)
This was a hard decision for a young man to take and it was amoment of
great faithin Allah.
The Ordeal of Sacrifice of Prophet Ismail
On thetenth of Dhil Hijjathe father and his beloved son walked side by
side. A young ladpossessed for bearanceand the old man wasfull of
determination and spiritto complete submission to Allah. Their purpose
was to carry out the orders of their Lord. Nothing was dearer to them
than the service of Allah.
They proceeded towardsMinawith a sharp butcher's knife that, the old
shaky Ibrahim had in his hand. Many a thought and memories of the past
must have crossed in their minds. Finally they reached a special spot.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) looked at his loving son
whereas Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) cast a glance at his,
father obediently and cheerfully.
The father laid his son prostrate on the ground. He was standing
beside him. His heart was beating violently. He was shaking with
emotions when he drew the knife across the neck of his son. It was a
moment of action, an action that was very hard to put into practice.
God highlyappreciated them for their obedienceand they heard a voice:
"O' Ibrahim! you have indeed shown the truth of the vision. Surely do
We reward the doers of good." ( Surah 37: Verse 105)
When Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him)fulfilled the command of the
dream, he was ordered not to sacrifice his own son. Aramwas provided
in his stead. The Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) stood up and the
ram was sacrificed.
So the moment of suspense came to an end and both the father and the
son expressed a deep sense of happiness and gratitude. From that time
until today, thesavage custom human sacrifice has been absolutely
abolished.
Glad Tidings Regarding the Birth of Prophet Ishaq
When the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) displayed his unstinted
submission to the orders of Allah by trying to sacrifice his beloved
son Ismail he was informed of a glad-tiding regarding the birth of
baby from Sarah, his first wife. The Holy Quran affirms:
"And We gave him the good news of Ishaq (Isaac), a Prophet among the
good ones and We showered our blessings on him and on Ishaq, and of
their offspring are the doers of good and also those who are clearly
unjust to their own selves." ( Surah 37: Verses 112-113)
Time passed by and Sarah, the old lady got pregnant. At last she gave
birth to a male baby and they gave him the name of Ishaq. Later on
Isma'il (peace be upon him) proved to be the Prophet of the Muslims
and Ishaq (peace be upon him) became the Prophet of the Jews.
Re-construction of Ka'bah
Thefirst House of Allah, theKa'bahwas erected by the Prophet
Adam(peace be upon him). It was reconstructed by the Prophet Ibrahim
and the Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon them).
TheMuqam-e-Ibrahimis still outside the enclosure. It is a place of
marble-like stone on which he stood to raise the walls of the
sanctuary at Mecca. This stone contains the sunken imprints of the
feet of the great Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him). The Holy Quran
testifies to the hallowed sanctity of this stone by declaring it to be
one of theSigns of Allah. It says:
"We made the House a resort for men and a place of security after
saying: Take as your place of worship the spot where Ibrahim stood to
pray. And We enjoined Ibrahim and Isma'il by saying: Purify My House
for those who visit it and those who meditate therein; and those who
bow down and those who prostrate themselves." ( Surah 2: Verse 125)
Burial Place
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) lived for175 years. His life
wasfull of happenings,testsandtrials. He had afirm faithin Allah. He
nevermissed a moment's restin calling for the message of Allah.
Hegainedthousands upon thousands of believers. When he passed away, he
was buried inHebron, twenty miles south-west ofJerusalem.
Long ago Almighty Allah gave the honor of His choice to a man
calledIbrahim. He became the Prophet. His native Mesopotamia is the
present southern Iraq. He was anideal model for mankind. Speaking
highly of him the Holy Quran says:
"Ibrahim was indeed a paragon of virtue, obedient to Allah, ever
inclined to Him and he was not of those who set up equals to Allah. He
was ever grateful for His favors, We chose him and guided him to a
straight path; and We bestowed on him good in this world and in the
Hereafter, he will surely be among the righteous." ( Surah 16: Verses
121-123)
His Nation was Staunch Worshippers of Idols
In the days of the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon
him)ignoranceprevailed upon the minds of the people. Most of the
people had no knowledge of Allah and His teachings. They worshipped
thesun, the moon and the stars. They wereastronomersand maintained the
records of the movements of the planets. They prayed to theidolsmade
of wood and stone and made many offerings for them. The priests
enjoyed a prominent place in the society. They commanded respect among
their followers. They were paid well. The poor people were ruled by
the chiefs. They were subjected to their cruelty and injustice.
TheProphet Ibrahim(peace be upon him) was the son of Terah whose
surname Adhar was popularly known. He was a doll carver and a staunch
worshipper of idols. He did all he could to compel Ibrahim (peace be
upon him) to worship the handicrafts of man but flatly refused to do
so. Hehated even an idea of worshipping the idolswhich could neither
see, nor hear, nor speak.
The Prophet Ibrahim's Preaching
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him)received the message of
Allahthrough a specialAngel Gabriel (Jibra'il). Gradually he was
commanded to start preaching. As he was astrong manin his will and
determination, he worked very hard. He began his mission in the teeth
of opposition. He argued with his people with great vigor regarding
the folly of worshipping the idols. The Holy Quran says:
"When he said to his father and his people: What are these images to
which you are so devoted ? They replied: We found our fathers
worshipping them. He said: Then you as well as your fathers have
indeed, been in manifest error. They said: Is it really the truth that
you have brought for us or are you jesting ? He replied: Nay, your
Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth; He brought them into
existence and I am of those who bear witness to this, and by Allah, I
will certainly plan against your idols after you have gone away and
turned your backs." ( Surah 21: Verses 53-58)
Opposition by the People and Discussion with the King
The people paid no heed to his teachings. They insisted on their ways.
Theydid not refrainfrom worshipping the twinkling stars, shining moon
and ugly idols. The priests kept on encouraging the people to
disbelieve in the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him). They
wereafraidlest they should be deprived of theirpriesthoodif the people
abandoned idol-worship.
As a matter of fact the kingNemrùd(Namrood) in that area thought
himself to be god. He had a big castle and many soldiers at his
disposal. He desired to argue with the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon
him) one day.
They met to hold discussions: The king looked at the Prophet Ibrahim
(peace be upon him) mockingly for a while. Then he said: What is this
thing you are calling the people for? Why do you persuade the People
to worship God Who is invisible?
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) replied boldly: My God is the
One: Who gives and takes away life.
Nemrùd answered arrogantly: I have also the power to do that. I can
kill the persons and can spare them also.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) asked a clever question that
caught every one by surprise. He said:My God causes the sun to rise
from the East and set it in the West. Can you make it come from the
east?
On hearing the king remained silent because he knew that no man had
the power to do so.
Breakage of the Idols
After a few days a special event took place. There was a grand
ceremony outside the locality and every one had to participate in the
celebrations. Most of the evil-doers drank; liquor and became noisy
and wild. They were losing their balance of mind in a state of
intoxication. There was a great hustle. Almost every one from the town
attended the ceremony except the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him).
He had a special plan in his mind. He proceeded towards the Temple
escaping the sight of others. When he entered the Temple, he saw there
many statues whichstood motionless and helpless.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) lifted his heavy axe andbegan
to smite the idolsturn by turn. The idols fell to the ground with a
big thud. The floor was loaded with numerous noses, ears, heads, arms,
legs and other parts of the idols. Hebroke all the idolsin the
sanctuary but spared the Chief one. He did so todemonstrate that the
idols had no powerto cause harm to any one or bestow benefits upon
others. They were as helpless as mere stones and it is against the
dignity of human beings to pay homage to them. When the Prophet
Ibrahim (peace be upon him) finished his job, he left the Temple
cautiously making sure that no one had seen him.
Decision to burn Ibrahim (PBUH) alive
When the celebrations came to an end, the people returned. The priests
went directly towards the Temple as usual and some people accompanied
them. They saw that the idols weresmashed to pieces. The floor was
littered with stones and the Chief idol was standing with an axe
hanging down along its neck.
The priests began to scream and became confused. The people rushed to
the Temple on hearing a deafening hue and cry. Every one was in a
furious mood. They wanted to know who had dared do this trouble to the
idols. They wished to take revenge. Then some one said that the
Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) would have done so because he
consistently spoke ill of our gods and advised the people to worship
One God. The Holy Quran relates:
"Then he broke them into pieces except the Chief of them that haply
they may return to him. They said: Who has done so to our gods? Most
surely he is one of the evil-doers. We heard a youth called Ibrahim
making mention of them." ( Surah 21: Verse 57)
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was summoned to appear before
the king. When he came, he was asked if he had destroyed all those
idols. He remained silent for a while. Afterwards he directed the king
to ask the chief idol on whose neck was hung the axe with which the
havoc was done.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was mocking and making fun of
thosestupid people who worshipped helpless,dumbanddeaf idolsmade
ofstones. The king as well as the priests did not like to prolong
their discussions because the arguments of the Prophet Ibrahim (peace
be upon him) werevery sound and convincing. The Holy Quran relates:
"Then they said to Ibrahim: Is it you who has done so to our gods? He
replied: Well, some one has surely done this. Here is the chief of
them, so ask them if they can speak. Then they turned towards one
another and said: You yourselves are surely in the wrong. Then they
were made to hung down their heads out of shame and said to Ibrahim:
Certainly you know that they do not speak." ( Surah 21: Verses
65-68).
Although they felt ashamed yet they remained stubborn. Theydecided to
burn the Prophet Ibrahim(peace be upon him) alive for causing
destruction to their idols.
Fire does not Burn The Prophet Ibrahim
A big furnace was prepared for this purpose. The Prophet Ibrahim
(peace be upon him) was tied with a rope and he could hardly move. He
was quitecalm and cheerfulbelieving firmly that Allah would save him.
He did not even resist and the spectators were amazed at his attitude.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was thrown in the center of
the furnace. The flames of the fire were blazing. They sizzled and
hissed but the Almighty Allah ordered the fire not to harm His friend
Ibrahim (peace be upon him):
"We said: O' fire! Be thou a means of comfort and security for
Ibrahim." ( Surah 21: Verses 70)
The transgressors thought that the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him)
had burnt to death. They did not hear the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be
upon him) shouting with pain. Some time later the people saw the
prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him)walking out of the fire safeas if
nothing had touched him. They were much surprised to see him.
Migration to Palestine
In spite of this miracle the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) could
not have a large number of people following his teachings. He went on
preaching and underwent a chain of tests and trials to prove his
obedience and sincerity. When his people tortured the Prophet Ibrahim
(peace be upon him), he wasordered to leavethat area and go to the
blessed land which is now calledPalestine.
In compliance with the Commandment of Almighty Allah the Prophet
Ibrahim (peace be upon him) did not lose a moment's rest without
getting in touch with the people and teaching them about God and His
message. Nothing seemed to discourage him.
Birth of the Prophet Isma'il (PBUH) and Migration to Mecca
As the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) had no off-spring from his
first wifeSarah, he entered into matrimonial alliance with another
woman calledHajira(Hagar). He prayed for a son in all sublimity and
his prayer was granted. Some time later Hajira announced happy news
that she was expecting a baby.
As time passed she gave birth toIsma'il (Ishmael). Soon after God
ordered the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) to take his wife
Hajira and the Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) to thevalley of
Bathã (Makkah).
In accordance with the Divine Commandment he set out on a long and
troublesome journey. They arrived at the spot after a long time. It
was hilly area without any trees and water. They set up their tents
and looked around but nothing was visible except sand. The Prophet
Ismail (peace be upon him) had attained the age of a few months only
when the event of migration took place. He began to cry because
ofthirst. His mother began to look for water but it was not available
anywhere.
Zam Zam is Discovered
She ran desperately inquest of waterbetween two hillocks
calledSafaandMarwabut found no water. She came back to her thirsty
infant and was surprised to see the spring ofZam Zamemerged from
beneath the foot of the Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him). She
heaved a sigh of relief. She quenched the thirst of her baby with
water.
Many people from far and wide came to the spot where Prophet Ibrahim
(peace be upon him) and his family had settled. Gradually this
locality namedMecca (Makkah)became thebirth place of Islam.
Vision of the Prophet Ibrahim Regarding the Sacrifice of the Prophet Isma'il
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) went back to Palestine to join
his first wife, the beloved Sarah. He received a Commandment in his
vision tosacrifice his only son, Isma'il. The Prophet Ibrahim (peace
be upon him) hadno hesitationin complying with what he was ordered to
do but his son was infant at that time. He had to wait until he grew
older.
Due to delay the temptation of not doing what he was supposed to do,
was certainly there. But the Prophet Ibrahim (peace he upon him) had a
solid faith in Allah and hislife was all dedicatedto His' service. So
he kept on waiting until Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) became a
teenager.
One day the father told his son about the dream. To his great surprise
he saw that Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) hadno objectionand was
willing to be sacrificed as Allah had willed it. He said:
"O' my father! Do what you have been commanded to do; then you will
find me of the patients." ( Surah 37: Verses 10-11)
This was a hard decision for a young man to take and it was amoment of
great faithin Allah.
The Ordeal of Sacrifice of Prophet Ismail
On thetenth of Dhil Hijjathe father and his beloved son walked side by
side. A young ladpossessed for bearanceand the old man wasfull of
determination and spiritto complete submission to Allah. Their purpose
was to carry out the orders of their Lord. Nothing was dearer to them
than the service of Allah.
They proceeded towardsMinawith a sharp butcher's knife that, the old
shaky Ibrahim had in his hand. Many a thought and memories of the past
must have crossed in their minds. Finally they reached a special spot.
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) looked at his loving son
whereas Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) cast a glance at his,
father obediently and cheerfully.
The father laid his son prostrate on the ground. He was standing
beside him. His heart was beating violently. He was shaking with
emotions when he drew the knife across the neck of his son. It was a
moment of action, an action that was very hard to put into practice.
God highlyappreciated them for their obedienceand they heard a voice:
"O' Ibrahim! you have indeed shown the truth of the vision. Surely do
We reward the doers of good." ( Surah 37: Verse 105)
When Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him)fulfilled the command of the
dream, he was ordered not to sacrifice his own son. Aramwas provided
in his stead. The Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon him) stood up and the
ram was sacrificed.
So the moment of suspense came to an end and both the father and the
son expressed a deep sense of happiness and gratitude. From that time
until today, thesavage custom human sacrifice has been absolutely
abolished.
Glad Tidings Regarding the Birth of Prophet Ishaq
When the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) displayed his unstinted
submission to the orders of Allah by trying to sacrifice his beloved
son Ismail he was informed of a glad-tiding regarding the birth of
baby from Sarah, his first wife. The Holy Quran affirms:
"And We gave him the good news of Ishaq (Isaac), a Prophet among the
good ones and We showered our blessings on him and on Ishaq, and of
their offspring are the doers of good and also those who are clearly
unjust to their own selves." ( Surah 37: Verses 112-113)
Time passed by and Sarah, the old lady got pregnant. At last she gave
birth to a male baby and they gave him the name of Ishaq. Later on
Isma'il (peace be upon him) proved to be the Prophet of the Muslims
and Ishaq (peace be upon him) became the Prophet of the Jews.
Re-construction of Ka'bah
Thefirst House of Allah, theKa'bahwas erected by the Prophet
Adam(peace be upon him). It was reconstructed by the Prophet Ibrahim
and the Prophet Isma'il (peace be upon them).
TheMuqam-e-Ibrahimis still outside the enclosure. It is a place of
marble-like stone on which he stood to raise the walls of the
sanctuary at Mecca. This stone contains the sunken imprints of the
feet of the great Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him). The Holy Quran
testifies to the hallowed sanctity of this stone by declaring it to be
one of theSigns of Allah. It says:
"We made the House a resort for men and a place of security after
saying: Take as your place of worship the spot where Ibrahim stood to
pray. And We enjoined Ibrahim and Isma'il by saying: Purify My House
for those who visit it and those who meditate therein; and those who
bow down and those who prostrate themselves." ( Surah 2: Verse 125)
Burial Place
The Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) lived for175 years. His life
wasfull of happenings,testsandtrials. He had afirm faithin Allah. He
nevermissed a moment's restin calling for the message of Allah.
Hegainedthousands upon thousands of believers. When he passed away, he
was buried inHebron, twenty miles south-west ofJerusalem.
Stories of Prophets, - Prophet Huud (PBUH)
Huud was the Prophet sent to theBani Aadfor their reformation. His
lineage genealogy joins with theProphet Nuh(peace be upon him) and his
sons. The Prophet Huud (peace be upon him) belonged to the Bani Aad.
They were thedescendants of Sam.
Outstanding Qualities of the Adites
The Aadites quarreled with the children of Ham and left Babylon. They
peopled a district in southern Arabia contiguous to Oman, Yemen and
Hadramaut. There they built palaces, erected temples and worshipped
deities and stars. The names of their chief deities were Saqi'ah,
Salimah, Raziqah and Hafizun. The people belong to the Bani Aad
weretall in stature and were skilful masons. Allah (SWT) had given
them abundance of wealth, cattle, children and gardens. They had
attained a considerable degree of civilization.
Among them flourished the famous kingShaddad. He built a magnificent
palace near Adal. It was known as theGarden of Iram. He was mighty
king and his conquests extended toSyria, Iraq and the frontier of
sub-continent of Indo-Pakistan. These people were proud of their
achievements and considered themselves to be invincible. They were
indulged in sins and committed acts ofinjustice and violence. Instead
of expressing a deep sense of gratitude to the Almighty Allah for the
favors He had bestowed upon them, they became transgressors and showed
disobedience to Him.
The Prophet Huud appears and Preaches
The Prophet Huud (peace be upon him) appeared among them for their
guidance. He tried his best to bring them back to theworship of One
God. He directed them to give up evil practices. He advised them
toabstain from committing sins. They paid no heed to the teachings and
warnings of their Prophet.
The Holy Quran says:
"And to the Aad We sent their brother Huud. He said: 0' my people!
Serve Allah, you have no god other than Him. Will you not then keep
away from evil and be mindful of your duty to Him. The Chiefs of those
who disbelieved from among his people said: Most surely, we see you in
folly and indeed we think you to be of the liars. He said: O' my
people! There is no folly in me but I am an Apostle of the Lord of the
Worlds. I convey to you the message of my Lord and I am a sincere
adviser to you." ( Surah 7: Verses 65-68)
The Deluge is Descended
The people did not listen to him and disobeyed theCommandments of
Allah(SWT). For this disobedience the wrath of Allah came down upon
them. Adroughtof unusual severity and aviolent stormnearly annihilated
the majority of the people of the Bani Aad. The Holy Quran describes:
"As to the Aad, they were destroyed by a roaring violent blast which
He made to prevail over them for seven nights and eight days
un-intermittingly so that you mightiest have seen the people therein
prostrate as if they were hollow trunks of palm tree." ( Surah 69:
Verses 6-7)
This storm had such a devastating effect as all the proud and
disobedient people werecompletely destroyedbut the Prophet Huud (peace
be upon him) and his followers remained safe and sound. The Holy Quran
says:
"So We delivered him and those with him by mercy from Us and We cut
off the last of those who treated Our Signs as lies and were
disbelievers" ( Surah 7: Verse 72)
Afterwards the remnant who survived established themselves in Yemen.
The grave of the Prophet Huud (peace be upon him) is inHadramaut. It
is visited by the Arabs in the month of Rajab.
lineage genealogy joins with theProphet Nuh(peace be upon him) and his
sons. The Prophet Huud (peace be upon him) belonged to the Bani Aad.
They were thedescendants of Sam.
Outstanding Qualities of the Adites
The Aadites quarreled with the children of Ham and left Babylon. They
peopled a district in southern Arabia contiguous to Oman, Yemen and
Hadramaut. There they built palaces, erected temples and worshipped
deities and stars. The names of their chief deities were Saqi'ah,
Salimah, Raziqah and Hafizun. The people belong to the Bani Aad
weretall in stature and were skilful masons. Allah (SWT) had given
them abundance of wealth, cattle, children and gardens. They had
attained a considerable degree of civilization.
Among them flourished the famous kingShaddad. He built a magnificent
palace near Adal. It was known as theGarden of Iram. He was mighty
king and his conquests extended toSyria, Iraq and the frontier of
sub-continent of Indo-Pakistan. These people were proud of their
achievements and considered themselves to be invincible. They were
indulged in sins and committed acts ofinjustice and violence. Instead
of expressing a deep sense of gratitude to the Almighty Allah for the
favors He had bestowed upon them, they became transgressors and showed
disobedience to Him.
The Prophet Huud appears and Preaches
The Prophet Huud (peace be upon him) appeared among them for their
guidance. He tried his best to bring them back to theworship of One
God. He directed them to give up evil practices. He advised them
toabstain from committing sins. They paid no heed to the teachings and
warnings of their Prophet.
The Holy Quran says:
"And to the Aad We sent their brother Huud. He said: 0' my people!
Serve Allah, you have no god other than Him. Will you not then keep
away from evil and be mindful of your duty to Him. The Chiefs of those
who disbelieved from among his people said: Most surely, we see you in
folly and indeed we think you to be of the liars. He said: O' my
people! There is no folly in me but I am an Apostle of the Lord of the
Worlds. I convey to you the message of my Lord and I am a sincere
adviser to you." ( Surah 7: Verses 65-68)
The Deluge is Descended
The people did not listen to him and disobeyed theCommandments of
Allah(SWT). For this disobedience the wrath of Allah came down upon
them. Adroughtof unusual severity and aviolent stormnearly annihilated
the majority of the people of the Bani Aad. The Holy Quran describes:
"As to the Aad, they were destroyed by a roaring violent blast which
He made to prevail over them for seven nights and eight days
un-intermittingly so that you mightiest have seen the people therein
prostrate as if they were hollow trunks of palm tree." ( Surah 69:
Verses 6-7)
This storm had such a devastating effect as all the proud and
disobedient people werecompletely destroyedbut the Prophet Huud (peace
be upon him) and his followers remained safe and sound. The Holy Quran
says:
"So We delivered him and those with him by mercy from Us and We cut
off the last of those who treated Our Signs as lies and were
disbelievers" ( Surah 7: Verse 72)
Afterwards the remnant who survived established themselves in Yemen.
The grave of the Prophet Huud (peace be upon him) is inHadramaut. It
is visited by the Arabs in the month of Rajab.
Stories of Prophets, - Prophet Dawood (PBUH)
Dawood (David) was not only an illustriousProphet of the Israelitesbut
he was also their king. The Holy Qur'an affirms:
"...And Allah gave him the kingdom! and wisdom and taught him of that
which He willed...." ( Surah 2: Verse 251).
"(And it was said unto him) O' Dawood! Lo! We have set you as a
vicegerent in the earth, therefore, judge aright between mankind and
follow not desire." ( Surah 38: Verse 26)
The Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him) had an ancestral link with the
Prophet Ya'qub (peace be upon him). He lived in Bait-ul-Lahm which was
situated at the distance of ten miles from Jerusalem. The Prophet
Dawood (peace be upon him) was the youngest of his eight brothers. The
Prophet Samuel (peace be upon him) had received an indication that the
Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him) would become king after Jalut
(Goliath). He went to Baitul-Lahm to cast a glance at Prophet Dawood
(peace be upon him). He was much impressed at his attractive and
angelic sight.
The Prophet Dawood Adopts the Companionship of Talut
According to the Torah, Talut (Saul) was in quest of a man who could
play on a harp. As the Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him) was well
versed in this art, he was asked to come to Talut and stay with him.
The Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him) passed most of the time in the
companionship of his master and visited his father off and on. He
helped him intending the sheep. Thus he got an opportunity to hunt
wild beasts. The Holy Qur'an, makes mention of Prophet Dawood (peace
be upon him) at many places.
Heroic Deeds of Prophet Dawood
The Bible relates an incident which throws a light on the heroic deeds
of Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him). Once a war broke out between
theIsraelites and the Philistines. The army of the Philistines was
commanded byJalutwho was a man of lofty stature. He put on a shining
armour. The Israelites were overawed to see Jalut's army which was
well accoutered. He called out his opponents to combat but none of the
Israelites had the courage to accept the challenge.
He declared: In case any one of the Israelites overpowered me, I would
surrender to him but if I gained the upper hand, the opponents would
have to become under the sway of the servitude of the Philistines. The
Israelites were terror-stricken. They had lost their courage and self
respect.
The Prophet could not bear this disgrace. So he decided to face Jalut
for thesake of truth, honour and dignity. The king Talut advised him
to refrain from fighting with an experienced warrior. The Prophet
Dawood (peace be upon him) did not budge an inch from his decision. He
took his cudgel and proceeded towards the battle-field to fight with
Jalut.
When they faced each other, Jalut disdained his adversary and cursed
him by taking the name of some deities. He threatened Talut that his
flesh would be thrown before the wild beasts and birds. The Prophet
Dawood (peace be upon him) did not care for such warnings and marched
forward. He prayed:
"Our Lord! Pour out constancy on us and make our steps firm and help
us against those who are disbelievers." ( Surah 2: Verse 250)
By God's will Jalut was killed by Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him)
and his army was put to rout. The Philistines took to their heels. The
Israelites chased them and came by an enormous booty. The Prophet
Dawood (peace be upon him)won a good deal of appreciation and
popularitybecause herescued his peoplefrom those grave dangers which
prevailed over them.
he was also their king. The Holy Qur'an affirms:
"...And Allah gave him the kingdom! and wisdom and taught him of that
which He willed...." ( Surah 2: Verse 251).
"(And it was said unto him) O' Dawood! Lo! We have set you as a
vicegerent in the earth, therefore, judge aright between mankind and
follow not desire." ( Surah 38: Verse 26)
The Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him) had an ancestral link with the
Prophet Ya'qub (peace be upon him). He lived in Bait-ul-Lahm which was
situated at the distance of ten miles from Jerusalem. The Prophet
Dawood (peace be upon him) was the youngest of his eight brothers. The
Prophet Samuel (peace be upon him) had received an indication that the
Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him) would become king after Jalut
(Goliath). He went to Baitul-Lahm to cast a glance at Prophet Dawood
(peace be upon him). He was much impressed at his attractive and
angelic sight.
The Prophet Dawood Adopts the Companionship of Talut
According to the Torah, Talut (Saul) was in quest of a man who could
play on a harp. As the Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him) was well
versed in this art, he was asked to come to Talut and stay with him.
The Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him) passed most of the time in the
companionship of his master and visited his father off and on. He
helped him intending the sheep. Thus he got an opportunity to hunt
wild beasts. The Holy Qur'an, makes mention of Prophet Dawood (peace
be upon him) at many places.
Heroic Deeds of Prophet Dawood
The Bible relates an incident which throws a light on the heroic deeds
of Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him). Once a war broke out between
theIsraelites and the Philistines. The army of the Philistines was
commanded byJalutwho was a man of lofty stature. He put on a shining
armour. The Israelites were overawed to see Jalut's army which was
well accoutered. He called out his opponents to combat but none of the
Israelites had the courage to accept the challenge.
He declared: In case any one of the Israelites overpowered me, I would
surrender to him but if I gained the upper hand, the opponents would
have to become under the sway of the servitude of the Philistines. The
Israelites were terror-stricken. They had lost their courage and self
respect.
The Prophet could not bear this disgrace. So he decided to face Jalut
for thesake of truth, honour and dignity. The king Talut advised him
to refrain from fighting with an experienced warrior. The Prophet
Dawood (peace be upon him) did not budge an inch from his decision. He
took his cudgel and proceeded towards the battle-field to fight with
Jalut.
When they faced each other, Jalut disdained his adversary and cursed
him by taking the name of some deities. He threatened Talut that his
flesh would be thrown before the wild beasts and birds. The Prophet
Dawood (peace be upon him) did not care for such warnings and marched
forward. He prayed:
"Our Lord! Pour out constancy on us and make our steps firm and help
us against those who are disbelievers." ( Surah 2: Verse 250)
By God's will Jalut was killed by Prophet Dawood (peace be upon him)
and his army was put to rout. The Philistines took to their heels. The
Israelites chased them and came by an enormous booty. The Prophet
Dawood (peace be upon him)won a good deal of appreciation and
popularitybecause herescued his peoplefrom those grave dangers which
prevailed over them.
Women site, - Artificial Insemination
Allaah The Almighty Says )what means(:}And Allaah has made for you
from yourselves mates and has made for you from your mates sons and
grandchildren and has provided for you from the good things. Then in
falsehood do they believe and in the favor of Allaah they disbelieve?
{]Quran 16:72[. Allaah The Exalted also Says )what means(:}He gives to
whom He wills female ]children[, and He gives to whom He wills males.
Or He makes them ]both[ males and females, and He renders whom He
wills barren. Indeed, He is Knowing and Competent. {]Quran 42: 49-50[.
In addition, the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said:"Marry
women who are loving and very prolific, so I will outnumber all other
nations through you."]Abu Daawood and An Nasaa'i[
Continuous reproduction is of a great importance in the life of man in
order for him to preserve his existence and perform his mission of
constructing the earth. Nevertheless, one of the spouses – or both -
may suffer infertility which deprives them from having righteous
offspring.
Science discovered artificial insemination as a means to treat
infertility in the husband or wife and in the case of a delay in
pregnancy in a number of cases, including:
- The blockage of the fallopian tubes extended to the two sides of the
uterus or the absence thereof.
- The presence of antibodies in the secretions of the cervix and vagina.
- Low sperm count in men.
Forms of Artificial insemination:
There are various forms of artificial insemination. However, they are
divided into: permissible according to the restrictions set forth by
Islam or impermissible for contradicting the principles of the Islamic
Sharee'ah. These forms can be presented as follows:
The Permissible Forms Include:
- Taking the sperm specimen from the husband and injecting it into the
uterus of his wife by way of internal fertilization.
- Taking two samples; one from the semen of the husband and the other
from the ovum of the wife. They are fertilized externally in a test
tube. Then, the embryo is implemented in the uterus of the wife, the
owner of the ovum.
Impermissible forms Include:
- Inserting the semen of a certain male, who is known to the doctor
but unknown to the married couple, into the uterus of a woman. This is
after having taken her consent and the consent of her husband provided
that the donor shall not know to whom his semen will be given.
- Collecting the semen of many men and donating them to the sperm
bank. Then, it is used to fertilize the woman who requests
fertilization.
- External fertilization in a test tube between the sperm of a man and
an ovum of a woman who is not his wife and this man and woman are
referred to as donors. Then the embryo is implemented in the womb of
another married woman who desires to give birth. This applies in cases
of barren wives as a result of problems in the ovaries but a healthy
uterus as well as in case of barren husbands.
Regulations of Artificial Insemination:
Jurists have set forth a number of regulations that protect the
individuals, the family and society, such as:
- Taking extremely intense precautions in assuring that the ovum is
not confused with other fertilized ova.
- The husband or someone he trusts shall attend the process of
insemination from the point of taking the sperm and the egg until
inserting them into the woman's uterus.
- Recording the data of the process in full in order to avoid any
circumstances that may lead to intermixing of lineages.
- Affirmation of the professional and ethical integrity of the
physicians and medical staff who perform the process of insemination.
The issue, from the very beginning, should be enveloped by faith in
fate and divine decree as Allaah The Exalted Says )what means(:}He
gives to whom He wills female ]children[, and He gives to whom He
wills males. Or He makes them ]both[ males and females, and He renders
whom He wills barren. Indeed, He is Knowing and Competent.{]Quran 42:
49-50[.
from yourselves mates and has made for you from your mates sons and
grandchildren and has provided for you from the good things. Then in
falsehood do they believe and in the favor of Allaah they disbelieve?
{]Quran 16:72[. Allaah The Exalted also Says )what means(:}He gives to
whom He wills female ]children[, and He gives to whom He wills males.
Or He makes them ]both[ males and females, and He renders whom He
wills barren. Indeed, He is Knowing and Competent. {]Quran 42: 49-50[.
In addition, the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, said:"Marry
women who are loving and very prolific, so I will outnumber all other
nations through you."]Abu Daawood and An Nasaa'i[
Continuous reproduction is of a great importance in the life of man in
order for him to preserve his existence and perform his mission of
constructing the earth. Nevertheless, one of the spouses – or both -
may suffer infertility which deprives them from having righteous
offspring.
Science discovered artificial insemination as a means to treat
infertility in the husband or wife and in the case of a delay in
pregnancy in a number of cases, including:
- The blockage of the fallopian tubes extended to the two sides of the
uterus or the absence thereof.
- The presence of antibodies in the secretions of the cervix and vagina.
- Low sperm count in men.
Forms of Artificial insemination:
There are various forms of artificial insemination. However, they are
divided into: permissible according to the restrictions set forth by
Islam or impermissible for contradicting the principles of the Islamic
Sharee'ah. These forms can be presented as follows:
The Permissible Forms Include:
- Taking the sperm specimen from the husband and injecting it into the
uterus of his wife by way of internal fertilization.
- Taking two samples; one from the semen of the husband and the other
from the ovum of the wife. They are fertilized externally in a test
tube. Then, the embryo is implemented in the uterus of the wife, the
owner of the ovum.
Impermissible forms Include:
- Inserting the semen of a certain male, who is known to the doctor
but unknown to the married couple, into the uterus of a woman. This is
after having taken her consent and the consent of her husband provided
that the donor shall not know to whom his semen will be given.
- Collecting the semen of many men and donating them to the sperm
bank. Then, it is used to fertilize the woman who requests
fertilization.
- External fertilization in a test tube between the sperm of a man and
an ovum of a woman who is not his wife and this man and woman are
referred to as donors. Then the embryo is implemented in the womb of
another married woman who desires to give birth. This applies in cases
of barren wives as a result of problems in the ovaries but a healthy
uterus as well as in case of barren husbands.
Regulations of Artificial Insemination:
Jurists have set forth a number of regulations that protect the
individuals, the family and society, such as:
- Taking extremely intense precautions in assuring that the ovum is
not confused with other fertilized ova.
- The husband or someone he trusts shall attend the process of
insemination from the point of taking the sperm and the egg until
inserting them into the woman's uterus.
- Recording the data of the process in full in order to avoid any
circumstances that may lead to intermixing of lineages.
- Affirmation of the professional and ethical integrity of the
physicians and medical staff who perform the process of insemination.
The issue, from the very beginning, should be enveloped by faith in
fate and divine decree as Allaah The Exalted Says )what means(:}He
gives to whom He wills female ]children[, and He gives to whom He
wills males. Or He makes them ]both[ males and females, and He renders
whom He wills barren. Indeed, He is Knowing and Competent.{]Quran 42:
49-50[.
Women site, - Warning against despair of the Mercy of Allaah
One should never despair of the Mercy of Allaah, because despair of
the Mercy of Allaah is a grave major sin.
Allaah The Almighty Says )what means(:
•}And who despairs of the Mercy of his Lord except for those
astray?{]Quran 15: 56[
•}Indeed, no one despairs of relief from Allaah except the
disbelieving people.{]Quran 12:[
In another verse, Allaah The Almighty Says )what means(:}And do not
throw ]yourselves[ with your ]own[ hands into destruction.{]Quran 2:
195[
Commenting on the verse, some scholars said that when the slave of
Allaah commits a sin and then thinks that his sin will not be forgiven
and, therefore, he abandons seeking forgiveness and repentance to
Allaah, this is the destruction meant in the verse. We seek refuge in
Allaah form that.
In a Qudsi Hadeeth, the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam,
narrated that Allaah The Almighty Said:"A slave committed a sin and he
said, 'O Allaah, Forgive me my sin.' Allaah The Almighty Said, 'My
slave committed a sin and came to realize that he has a Lord Who
Forgives sins and Calls to account )the sinner( for the sin.' He then
again committed a sin and said, 'My Lord, Forgive me my sin.' Allaah
The Exalted Said, 'My slave committed a sin and came to realize that
he has a Lord Who Forgives sins and Calls to account for the sin.' He
again committed a sin and said, 'My Lord, Forgive me for my sin.'
Allaah The Exalted Said, 'My slave committed a sin and came to realize
that he has a Lord Who Forgives sins and Calls to account for the sin.
O slave, do what you like. I Have Granted you forgiveness.'"]Muslim[
Here is also the example of that man who used to drink alcohols and
was brought to the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam.
'Umar, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, narrated that he said:"During
the lifetime of the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, there was
a man called 'Abdullaah whose nickname was Himaar )donkey(, and he
used to make the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam,
laugh. The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, lashed him because
of drinking )alcohols(. One day, he was brought to the Prophet,
sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, for the same charge and was lashed. On
that, a man among the people said, 'O Allaah, Curse him ! How
frequently he is brought )to the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam, for such a charge(!' The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam, said, 'Do not curse him, for by Allaah, I know that he loves
Allaah and His Messenger.'"]Al-Bukhaari[
The wording of another narration reads: A man said:"'Why does he do
so? May Allaah Fail him.' The Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu 'alayhi
wa sallam, said, 'Do not support the devil against your
brother.'"]Al-Bukhaari[
Hence, a slave should never despair of the Mercy of Allaah The
Almighty. Rather, whenever he commits a sin, he should ask for
forgiveness and repent to Allaah. None is infallible. Regarding the
righteous people who are promised Paradise, Allaah The Almighty Says
)what means(:}And hasten to forgiveness from your Lord and a garden as
wide as the heavens and earth, prepared for the righteous.{]Quran 3:
133[
Indicating the characteristics of the righteous people, Allaah Added
)what means(:}And those who, when they commit an immorality or wrong
themselves ]by transgression[, remember Allaah and seek forgiveness
for their sins - and who can forgive sins except Allaah? - And ]who[
do not persist in what they have done while they know. Those - their
reward is forgiveness from their Lord and gardens beneath which rivers
flow ]in Paradise[, wherein they will abide eternally; and excellent
is the reward of the ]righteous[ workers.{]Quran 3: 135-136[
Even a righteous person may commit a grave major sin or do an
immorality. Nevertheless, he immediately gives up the sin and returns
to his Lord seeking forgiveness and repentance.
Here is also the example of the Messengers, May Allaah Exalt their
mention. Allaah The Almighty Says )what means(:}Indeed, in My presence
the messengers do not fear. Otherwise, he who wrongs, then substitutes
good after evil - indeed, I Am Forgiving and Merciful.{]Quran 27:
10-11[
Moosa )Moses(, May Allaah Exalt his mention, who was directly
addressed by Allaah, killed a person and then said as Allaah The
Almighty Says )what means(:}My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so
Forgive me," and He Forgave him. Indeed, He Is The Forgiving, The
Merciful.{]Quran 18: 16[
Even those who brought the truth and they who believed in it
concerning them Allaah Says )what means(:}That Allaah May Remove from
them the worst of what they did and Reward them their due for the best
of what they used to do.{]Quran 39: 35[
The verses stand as evidence that they did bad actions.
the Mercy of Allaah is a grave major sin.
Allaah The Almighty Says )what means(:
•}And who despairs of the Mercy of his Lord except for those
astray?{]Quran 15: 56[
•}Indeed, no one despairs of relief from Allaah except the
disbelieving people.{]Quran 12:[
In another verse, Allaah The Almighty Says )what means(:}And do not
throw ]yourselves[ with your ]own[ hands into destruction.{]Quran 2:
195[
Commenting on the verse, some scholars said that when the slave of
Allaah commits a sin and then thinks that his sin will not be forgiven
and, therefore, he abandons seeking forgiveness and repentance to
Allaah, this is the destruction meant in the verse. We seek refuge in
Allaah form that.
In a Qudsi Hadeeth, the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam,
narrated that Allaah The Almighty Said:"A slave committed a sin and he
said, 'O Allaah, Forgive me my sin.' Allaah The Almighty Said, 'My
slave committed a sin and came to realize that he has a Lord Who
Forgives sins and Calls to account )the sinner( for the sin.' He then
again committed a sin and said, 'My Lord, Forgive me my sin.' Allaah
The Exalted Said, 'My slave committed a sin and came to realize that
he has a Lord Who Forgives sins and Calls to account for the sin.' He
again committed a sin and said, 'My Lord, Forgive me for my sin.'
Allaah The Exalted Said, 'My slave committed a sin and came to realize
that he has a Lord Who Forgives sins and Calls to account for the sin.
O slave, do what you like. I Have Granted you forgiveness.'"]Muslim[
Here is also the example of that man who used to drink alcohols and
was brought to the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam.
'Umar, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, narrated that he said:"During
the lifetime of the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, there was
a man called 'Abdullaah whose nickname was Himaar )donkey(, and he
used to make the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam,
laugh. The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, lashed him because
of drinking )alcohols(. One day, he was brought to the Prophet,
sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, for the same charge and was lashed. On
that, a man among the people said, 'O Allaah, Curse him ! How
frequently he is brought )to the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam, for such a charge(!' The Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam, said, 'Do not curse him, for by Allaah, I know that he loves
Allaah and His Messenger.'"]Al-Bukhaari[
The wording of another narration reads: A man said:"'Why does he do
so? May Allaah Fail him.' The Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu 'alayhi
wa sallam, said, 'Do not support the devil against your
brother.'"]Al-Bukhaari[
Hence, a slave should never despair of the Mercy of Allaah The
Almighty. Rather, whenever he commits a sin, he should ask for
forgiveness and repent to Allaah. None is infallible. Regarding the
righteous people who are promised Paradise, Allaah The Almighty Says
)what means(:}And hasten to forgiveness from your Lord and a garden as
wide as the heavens and earth, prepared for the righteous.{]Quran 3:
133[
Indicating the characteristics of the righteous people, Allaah Added
)what means(:}And those who, when they commit an immorality or wrong
themselves ]by transgression[, remember Allaah and seek forgiveness
for their sins - and who can forgive sins except Allaah? - And ]who[
do not persist in what they have done while they know. Those - their
reward is forgiveness from their Lord and gardens beneath which rivers
flow ]in Paradise[, wherein they will abide eternally; and excellent
is the reward of the ]righteous[ workers.{]Quran 3: 135-136[
Even a righteous person may commit a grave major sin or do an
immorality. Nevertheless, he immediately gives up the sin and returns
to his Lord seeking forgiveness and repentance.
Here is also the example of the Messengers, May Allaah Exalt their
mention. Allaah The Almighty Says )what means(:}Indeed, in My presence
the messengers do not fear. Otherwise, he who wrongs, then substitutes
good after evil - indeed, I Am Forgiving and Merciful.{]Quran 27:
10-11[
Moosa )Moses(, May Allaah Exalt his mention, who was directly
addressed by Allaah, killed a person and then said as Allaah The
Almighty Says )what means(:}My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so
Forgive me," and He Forgave him. Indeed, He Is The Forgiving, The
Merciful.{]Quran 18: 16[
Even those who brought the truth and they who believed in it
concerning them Allaah Says )what means(:}That Allaah May Remove from
them the worst of what they did and Reward them their due for the best
of what they used to do.{]Quran 39: 35[
The verses stand as evidence that they did bad actions.
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