Welcome to Islam, - The role of reptiles in the origin of mammals

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Evolutionists claim that mammals evolved from reptiles but the anatomical and physical differences between the two are unbridgeable. Mammals are warm-blooded )they regulate and maintain their own body temperature(, give birth, suckle their young and their bodies have fur or hair. Reptiles on the other hand are cold-blooded )cannot regulate body temperature on their own and their body temperature alters according to the environment(, reproduce by hatching eggs, do not suckle their offspring and their bodies have scales.
The hypothetical claim of such widely differing species developing from one into the other needs some serious explaining. For instance, how can the cold-blooded metabolism of a reptile change over time into a warm-blooded one, which produces and regulates its own body heat? How is it that creatures laying eggs can develop a complex life-supporting placenta and begin to give birth to their young? Or how can it be that the hard, scaly skin of a reptile can become a furred one? Most importantly, how can the transitory forms sustain their species and survive this imaginary gradual transition?
The chances of survival of a creature that is half-warm half cold-blooded, laying eggs as well as producing a placenta, having scales as well as fur is negligible. Nevertheless, evolutionists believe that such creatures existed in the past and continue to stubbornly defend the claim that mammals evolved, even though they cannot find any scientific evidence for it. The only thing they can do is to tell tales, paint impressive pictures from the imagination and neatly line up the excavated fossils, thereby trying to prove this imaginary transition.
The theory of evolution proposes that some imaginary creatures came out of the sea and transformed into reptiles, then birds were formed by the evolution of reptiles. According to the same scenario, reptiles are the ancestors not only of birds but also of mammals.
However, there are major structural differences between reptiles and mammals -- reptiles are cold-blooded, have scales on their bodies and reproduce by laying eggs; on the other hand, mammals are warm-blooded, have fur or hair on their bodies, and reproduce by giving birth to their offspring alive.
An example of the structural discrepancies between reptiles and mammals is their jaw structure. The mandibles of mammals consist of only one mandibular bone and the teeth are placed on this bone. In reptiles, there are three little bones on both sides of the mandible. Another basic difference is that all mammals have three bones in their middle ear )hammer, anvil and stirrup(. In all reptiles, there is a single bone in the middle ear.
Evolutionists claim that the reptilian jaw and middle ear evolved gradually into the mammalian jaw and ear. Yet, the question of how this change occurred remains unanswered. In particular, the question of how an ear with a single bone evolved into an ear with three bones and how the process of hearing kept on functioning in the meantime can never be explained. Not surprisingly, not a single fossil to link reptiles and mammals is to be found. This is why evolutionist paleontologist Roger Levin was forced to say that: “the transition to the first mammals, which probably happened in just one or, at most two lineages, is still an enigma.”
George Gaylord Simpson, one of the biggest authorities on evolution and among the founders of the neo-Darwinist theory makes the following comment on this fact that is quite perplexing for evolutionists:
"The most puzzling event in the history of life on earth is the change from the Mesozoic, the Age of Reptile, to the Age of Mammals. It is as if the curtain were rung down suddenly on the stage where all the leading roles were taken by reptiles, especially dinosaurs, in great numbers and bewildering variety, and rose again immediately to reveal the same setting but an entirely new cast, a cast in which the dinosaurs do not appear at all, other reptiles are supernumeraries, and all the leading parts are played by mammals of sorts barely hinted at in the preceding acts."
Furthermore, when mammals suddenly made their appearance, they were already very different from each other. Such dissimilar animals as bats, horses, mice and whales are all mammals and they all emerged during the same geological period. Establishing an evolutionary relationship among them is impossible even within the broadest boundaries of the imagination.
Evolutionist zoologist R. Eric Lombard makes this point in an article that appeared inEvolutionmagazine:
"Those searching for specific information useful in constructing phylogenies of mammalian taxa will be disappointed."
All these facts demonstrate that living beings appeared on earth suddenly and fully formed, without any evolutionary process. This is concrete evidence of the fact that they were created. However, evolutionists try to interpret the fact that living species came into existence in a particular order as an indication of evolution. Yet, the sequence by which living things emerged is the “order of creation”, since it is not possible to speak of an ''evolutionary process". With a superior and flawless creation, oceans and then lands were filled with living things and finally man was created.
Contrary to the “ape man” story imposed on the masses thanks to the intense media propaganda, man also emerged on earth suddenly and fully formed.

- PUBLISHERNajimudeeN M

Welcome to Islam, - Thermodynamics falsifies evolution

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The Second law of Thermodynamics, which is accepted as one of the basic laws of physics, holds that under normal conditions all systems left on their own will tend to become disordered, dispersed and corrupted in direct relation to the amount of time that passes. Everything living or non-living wears out, deteriorates, decays, disintegrates and is destroyed. This is the absolute end that all beings will face one way or another and according to this law, this unavoidable process has no return.
This is something that all of us have observed. For example if you take a car to a desert and leave it there, you would hardly expect to find it in a better condition when you come back years later. On the contrary, you would see that its tyres had gone flat, its windows had been broken, its chassis had rusted and its motor had decayed. The same inevitable process holds true for living things.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics is the means by which this natural process is defined with physical equations and calculations.
This famous law of physics is also known as “The Law of Entropy”. Entropy is the range of the disorder involved in a system in physics. A system’s entropy is increased as it moves towards a more disordered, dispersed and unplanned state from an ordered, organized and planned one. The higher a system’s disorder, the higher is its entropy. The Law of Entropy holds that the entire universe unavoidably proceeds towards a more disordered, unplanned and disorganized state.
The validity of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, or the Law of Entropy, is experimentally and theoretically established. The most important scientists of our age agree on the fact that The Entropy Law will preside as the ruling paradigm over the next period of history. Albert Einstein, the greatest scientist of our age, said that it is the “premier law of all of science”. Sir Arthur Eddington also referred to it as the “supreme metaphysical law of the entire universe”.
Evolutionary theory is an assertion that is advanced by totally ignoring this basic and universally true law of physics. The mechanism offered by evolution totally contradicts this law. The theory of evolution says that disordered, dispersed and inorganic atoms and molecules spontaneously came together in time in a certain order and plan to form extremely complex molecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, after which they gradually brought about millions of different living species with even more complex structures. According to the evolutionary theory, this supposed process that yields a more planned, more ordered, more complex and more organised structure at each stage has formed all by itself under natural conditions. The Law of Entropy makes it clear that this so-called natural process utterly contradicts the laws of physics.
Evolutionist scientists are also aware of this fact. J.H. Rush states: ''In the complex course of its evolution, life exhibits a remarkable contrast to the tendency expressed in the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Where the Second Law expresses an irreversible progression toward increased entropy and disorder, life evolves continually higher levels of order. ''
The evolutionist scientist Roger Lewin expresses the thermodynamic impasse of evolution in an article inScience: "One problem biologists have faced is the apparent contradiction by evolution of the second law of thermodynamics. Systems should decay through time, giving less, not more, order."
Another evolutionist scientist, George Stravropoulos states the thermodynamic impossibility of the spontaneous formation of life and the unfeasibility of explaining the existence of complex living mechanisms by natural laws in the well-known evolutionist magazineAmerican Scientist:
"Yet, under ordinary conditions, no complex organic molecule can ever form spontaneously but will rather disintegrate, in agreement with the second law. Indeed, the more complex it is, the more unstable it is, and the more assured, sooner or later, is its disintegration. Photosynthesis and all life processes, and life itself, despite confused or deliberately confusing language, cannot yet be understood in terms of thermodynamics or any other exact science. "
As acknowledged, the Second Law of Thermodynamics constitutes an insurmountable obstacle for the scenario of evolution in terms of both science and logic. Unable to put forth any scientific and consistent explanation to overcome this obstacle, evolutionists can only defeat it in their imagination. For instance, the famous evolutionist Jeremy Rifkin notes his belief that evolution overwhelms this law of physics with a “magical power”:
"The Entropy Law says that evolution dissipates the overall available energy for life on this planet. Our concept of evolution is the exact opposite. We believe that evolution somehow magically creates greater overall value and order on earth."
These words very well indicate that evolution is totally a dogmatic belief.
The myth of the “Open System”
Confronted by all these truths, evolutionists have had to take recourse to a mangling of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, saying that it holds true only for “closed systems” and that “open systems” are beyond the scope of this law.
An “open system” is a thermodynamic system in which energy and matter flow in and out, unlike a “closed system”, in which the initial energy and matter remains constant. Evolutionists hold that the world is an open system: that it is constantly exposed to an energy flow from the sun, which leads to the assumption that the law of entropy does not apply to the world as a whole, and that ordered, complex living beings can be generated from disordered, simple and inanimate structures.
However, there is an obvious distortion here. The fact that a system has an energy inflow is not enough to make that system ordered. Specific mechanisms are needed to make the energy functional. For instance, a car needs a motor, a transmission system and related control mechanisms to convert the energy in gasoline to work. Without such an energy conversion system, the car will not be able to use the energy in gasoline.
The same thing applies in the case of life as well. It is true that life derives its energy from the sun. However, solar energy can only be converted into chemical energy by the incredibly complex energy conversion systems in living things )such as photosynthesis in plants and the digestive systems of humans and animals(. No living thing can live without such energy conversion systems. Without an energy conversion system, the sun is nothing but a source of destructive energy that burns, parches or melts.
As may be seen, a thermodynamic system )be it open or closed( without an energy conversion mechanism of some sort is not advantageous for evolution. No one asserts that such complex and conscious mechanisms could have existed in nature under the conditions of the primeval earth. Indeed, the real problem confronting evolutionists is the question of how complex energy converting mechanisms such as photosynthesis in plants, which cannot be duplicated even with modern technology, could have come into being on their own.
The influx of solar energy into the world has no effect that would on its own bring order. No matter how high the temperature may become, amino acids resist forming bonds in ordered sequences. Energy by itself is not enough to make amino acids form the much more complex molecules of proteins or for proteins to form the much complex and organised structures of cell organelles. The real and essential source of this organization at all levels is conscious design: in a word, creation.

- PUBLISHERNajimudeeN M

Welcome to Islam, - Thermodynamics falsifies evolution

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The Second law of Thermodynamics, which is accepted as one of the basic laws of physics, holds that under normal conditions all systems left on their own will tend to become disordered, dispersed and corrupted in direct relation to the amount of time that passes. Everything living or non-living wears out, deteriorates, decays, disintegrates and is destroyed. This is the absolute end that all beings will face one way or another and according to this law, this unavoidable process has no return.
This is something that all of us have observed. For example if you take a car to a desert and leave it there, you would hardly expect to find it in a better condition when you come back years later. On the contrary, you would see that its tyres had gone flat, its windows had been broken, its chassis had rusted and its motor had decayed. The same inevitable process holds true for living things.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics is the means by which this natural process is defined with physical equations and calculations.
This famous law of physics is also known as “The Law of Entropy”. Entropy is the range of the disorder involved in a system in physics. A system’s entropy is increased as it moves towards a more disordered, dispersed and unplanned state from an ordered, organized and planned one. The higher a system’s disorder, the higher is its entropy. The Law of Entropy holds that the entire universe unavoidably proceeds towards a more disordered, unplanned and disorganized state.
The validity of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, or the Law of Entropy, is experimentally and theoretically established. The most important scientists of our age agree on the fact that The Entropy Law will preside as the ruling paradigm over the next period of history. Albert Einstein, the greatest scientist of our age, said that it is the “premier law of all of science”. Sir Arthur Eddington also referred to it as the “supreme metaphysical law of the entire universe”.
Evolutionary theory is an assertion that is advanced by totally ignoring this basic and universally true law of physics. The mechanism offered by evolution totally contradicts this law. The theory of evolution says that disordered, dispersed and inorganic atoms and molecules spontaneously came together in time in a certain order and plan to form extremely complex molecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, after which they gradually brought about millions of different living species with even more complex structures. According to the evolutionary theory, this supposed process that yields a more planned, more ordered, more complex and more organised structure at each stage has formed all by itself under natural conditions. The Law of Entropy makes it clear that this so-called natural process utterly contradicts the laws of physics.
Evolutionist scientists are also aware of this fact. J.H. Rush states: ''In the complex course of its evolution, life exhibits a remarkable contrast to the tendency expressed in the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Where the Second Law expresses an irreversible progression toward increased entropy and disorder, life evolves continually higher levels of order. ''
The evolutionist scientist Roger Lewin expresses the thermodynamic impasse of evolution in an article inScience: "One problem biologists have faced is the apparent contradiction by evolution of the second law of thermodynamics. Systems should decay through time, giving less, not more, order."
Another evolutionist scientist, George Stravropoulos states the thermodynamic impossibility of the spontaneous formation of life and the unfeasibility of explaining the existence of complex living mechanisms by natural laws in the well-known evolutionist magazineAmerican Scientist:
"Yet, under ordinary conditions, no complex organic molecule can ever form spontaneously but will rather disintegrate, in agreement with the second law. Indeed, the more complex it is, the more unstable it is, and the more assured, sooner or later, is its disintegration. Photosynthesis and all life processes, and life itself, despite confused or deliberately confusing language, cannot yet be understood in terms of thermodynamics or any other exact science. "
As acknowledged, the Second Law of Thermodynamics constitutes an insurmountable obstacle for the scenario of evolution in terms of both science and logic. Unable to put forth any scientific and consistent explanation to overcome this obstacle, evolutionists can only defeat it in their imagination. For instance, the famous evolutionist Jeremy Rifkin notes his belief that evolution overwhelms this law of physics with a “magical power”:
"The Entropy Law says that evolution dissipates the overall available energy for life on this planet. Our concept of evolution is the exact opposite. We believe that evolution somehow magically creates greater overall value and order on earth."
These words very well indicate that evolution is totally a dogmatic belief.
The myth of the “Open System”
Confronted by all these truths, evolutionists have had to take recourse to a mangling of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, saying that it holds true only for “closed systems” and that “open systems” are beyond the scope of this law.
An “open system” is a thermodynamic system in which energy and matter flow in and out, unlike a “closed system”, in which the initial energy and matter remains constant. Evolutionists hold that the world is an open system: that it is constantly exposed to an energy flow from the sun, which leads to the assumption that the law of entropy does not apply to the world as a whole, and that ordered, complex living beings can be generated from disordered, simple and inanimate structures.
However, there is an obvious distortion here. The fact that a system has an energy inflow is not enough to make that system ordered. Specific mechanisms are needed to make the energy functional. For instance, a car needs a motor, a transmission system and related control mechanisms to convert the energy in gasoline to work. Without such an energy conversion system, the car will not be able to use the energy in gasoline.
The same thing applies in the case of life as well. It is true that life derives its energy from the sun. However, solar energy can only be converted into chemical energy by the incredibly complex energy conversion systems in living things )such as photosynthesis in plants and the digestive systems of humans and animals(. No living thing can live without such energy conversion systems. Without an energy conversion system, the sun is nothing but a source of destructive energy that burns, parches or melts.
As may be seen, a thermodynamic system )be it open or closed( without an energy conversion mechanism of some sort is not advantageous for evolution. No one asserts that such complex and conscious mechanisms could have existed in nature under the conditions of the primeval earth. Indeed, the real problem confronting evolutionists is the question of how complex energy converting mechanisms such as photosynthesis in plants, which cannot be duplicated even with modern technology, could have come into being on their own.
The influx of solar energy into the world has no effect that would on its own bring order. No matter how high the temperature may become, amino acids resist forming bonds in ordered sequences. Energy by itself is not enough to make amino acids form the much more complex molecules of proteins or for proteins to form the much complex and organised structures of cell organelles. The real and essential source of this organization at all levels is conscious design: in a word, creation.

- PUBLISHERNajimudeeN M