Allaah Says )what means(: }And it is not ]possible[ for one to die
except by permission of Allaah at a decree determined..{ ]Quran 3:145[
The eternity we all wish for, Muslim or Non-Muslim, is everlasting
life in Heaven, Paradise, the Garden of Eden, the Blue Yonder,
whatever you want to call it, with its beauty, splendor, ease, and
closeness to the Divine Light of our Creator, but who is willing to
make sure that the lilt of their voice is recognized when they are
lying amongst white sheets with tubes fixed, cloudy eyes staring,
barely able to lift a finger to make the Shahadah, doctors and nurses
rushing around in their futile dealings, all those involved anxiously
awaiting the inevitable moment.
Which beliefs will bring you comfort at that intersection of life and
extinction? The belief that this is it and there is no more? Can you
really reconcile your fleeting lifetime to this thought, and not feel
that your life had no meaning? We are warned that if we are not ready
for death, if our connection to this lifetime is too strong, that at
that precise moment when we need Allaah, we might end up pushing Him
away in blinding fright, clawing at the shreds of lifetime we recall
in our stupor of death. This scenario could result in an eternity; I
will say it again, an eternity of punishment in Hell }definition -
)i-tur-ni-tee( adj 1. infinite time, past or future 2. the endless
period of life after death{. You know, fire hotter than any 70 fires
in the lifetime, smoke, ash, boiling fluids to drink... alright,
alright, I'll leave the rest to your lively imagination.
My point is, who will you call upon and expect an answer? How can you
call on Allaah when He doesn't recognize the sound of your voice? How
late is too late?
To feed my ever-constant yearning for tidbits on our earthly
departure, I stayed up recently, way past my bedtime, to watch a
documentary about death. They showed a series of people who were close
to death, young and old, and how the living around them reacted to
their slow weaning off of this life. There was a current of palpable
dread coming through the TV directly into my living room as the
families surrounded their loved ones, struggling with their own
mortality. The patients' faces were white, frozen, mouth drooping
open, with no strength left, the muscles no longer willing to obey the
commands of the brain to pull the jaw closed, unaware of the clamor
around them, stripped bare, as all is peeled away at death. It was
then that I realized that these valiant attempts to heal were for the
living, and that those passing on were fighting a whole different
battle. They looked calm on the outside, but we are told that they are
in turmoil, agony, at the time of death.
Where is the line between living and dying? Does the spirit know
before the body does? Let's stop right now to see how fine a line this
is. Take a minute and hold your hand over your mouth and nose, letting
no air in or out. Okay, now hold it...hold it... hold it.... there,
now breathe—ahhh that wonderful elixir of existence. That was a small
taste of death; the simple, but complex tightrope we walk every day.
The fact that we have life speaks to something vivid that must fade,
like calico patterns left to bleach in the sun. No one wants to die;
Allaah chooses who lives and dies and this is written before we are
born. The critical point is not when, but how you die. Will it be the
good, peaceful death, being eased out of your shell like a drop of
water from a jug, eager to meet your Lord, or the reluctant passage
out, being yanked, kicking and screaming, like a swatch of wool being
pulled from a thorny branch, in paralyzing fear of Divine retribution?
I know which one I am going to work for in the time allotted to me.
In my very early years as a Muslim, I had a brother die in his sleep.
He was only 50 years old at the time; and, unaware of his imminent
fate, went to bed and never woke up. That sobering event had a
profound effect on me, and put me on a quest to learn all I could
about the "destroyer of pleasures." After that time, I never missed my
prayers before sleep. Whether Allaah gives us a long illness with
purification and a chance to make amends, or He takes us suddenly like
my brother, we need to be ready. I realized then that no matter who
you are or what you own, at that precise moment of death, it is
between you and your Lord. We have all heard the Prophetic saying that
three things follow you to your grave; your family, your possessions,
and your deeds. The first two come back, leaving only your deeds to
speak to how you lived your life, but do we really internalize this
and live it every moment? Ask anyone who has had a car accident how
quickly lives can change—it's an instant, and we must be ready with
good works and remembrance of Allaah waiting for us in our personal
`Ethereal Bank'.
For Muslims born into the religion, this will be your reality also.
You are not immune to the trappings of death and its suffering and
there are no guarantees on that day. For converts to this beautiful
religion, do you want your non-Muslim families making your decisions
for you at that moment, or the strength of your Lord lovingly watching
over you because He knew your pleading voice in the lifetime. For
non-Muslims, the Mercy of our Creator is given to all on Earth until
death, and then it is reserved for those who believed and called on
Him at all times.
If these words caused a ripple in the folds of your heart, then take
time right now to connect to the Merciful, the Compassionate One... He
is waiting for you.
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Islam is a religion of Mercy, Peace and Blessing. Its teachings emphasize kind hear tedness, help, sympathy, forgiveness, sacrifice, love and care.Qur’an, the Shari’ah and the life of our beloved Prophet (SAW) mirrors this attribute, and it should be reflected in the conduct of a Momin.Islam appreciates those who are kind to their fellow being,and dislikes them who are hard hearted, curt, and hypocrite.Recall that historical moment, when Prophet (SAW) entered Makkah as a conqueror. There was before him a multitude of surrendered enemies, former oppressors and persecutors, who had evicted the Muslims from their homes, deprived them of their belongings, humiliated and intimidated Prophet (SAW) hatched schemes for his murder and tortured and killed his companions. But Prophet (SAW) displayed his usual magnanimity, generosity, and kind heartedness by forgiving all of them and declaring general amnesty...Subhanallah. May Allah help us tailor our life according to the teachings of Islam. (Aameen)./-
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Friday, September 13, 2013
The Absolute Submission
Milestones on the path ofdutifulness to parents
There is no doubt that parents play an effective role in preventing
their children from being undutiful. As it is known that prevention is
better than cure, we advise noble parents who play the greatest role
in this important process, to prepare youth and prevent them from
being undutiful.
The family is the first incubator where the adolescent grows up and
receives an upbringing. Hence, it has a far-reaching effect on the
upbringing of children. It is sufficient to know that children act in
a way that conforms to their environment. So, the environment forms
the way in which the child learns his behavior. If adolescents grow up
with a sense of righteousness and gratitude, undoubtedly, this would
greatly affect them.
The following are some of the important means that parents should use
while building the wall to prevent undutifulness:
1-Extreme warning: An extreme warning lies in bringing up the children
to be undutiful. Perhaps some people wonder about this warning. Yes,
there are parents who plant the bomb which soon explodes. For example,
some families express happiness when the child grows and is able to
speak and move. Consequently, they tell him to beat or insult one of
the parents. They mix jest with seriousness causing the disruption of
the child's moral standards. They are not aware that they are
implanting in the innocent little child, at a very young age,
disrespect to parents. This is the way it has always been, and always
will be.
2-Keenness on teaching the child the parents' favors: It is a key step
on the way of preventing undutifulness. It is to raise the children to
be accustomed to respecting and realizing the status and favor of
their parents. Ignorance of the status of parents and consequent
punishment for being undutiful to them will lead the children to be
undutiful.
3-To be equally dutiful to you: Some parents are trapped in
discrimination by favoring some of their children to others. This is
plain injustice. Therefore,Sharee'ah)Islamic legislation( strongly
forbids this matter and warns of its bad consequences. When Basheer
ibn Sa'dcame to the Prophet,, to give his son An-Nu'maan a gift; the
Prophet,, asked:"'Did you give all your children gifts like
An-Nu'maan?'He said, 'No.' The Prophetsaid:'So, look for another
witness. Do you not like them )your children( to be equally dutiful to
you?'"]Al-Albaani:Saheeh[
Steps of treatment
After dealing with the gravity of undutifulness and suggesting some
methods to prevent it, we should talk about the steps of treatment,
which are:
1-Virtues and punishments: This is one of the foremost steps which the
person who seeks dutifulness should have in mind and realize. One
could change from one state to another if he finds a strong motive.
Undoubtedly, knowing and remembering the fruits of dutifulness will be
one of the best incentives to practice it. Similarly, contemplating
the bad consequences of undutifulness and the resulting distress and
grief in the worldly life before the Hereafter will help one be
dutiful and keep away from undutifulness.
2-Good friends: You should have good friends who correct your mistakes
and inform you about the consequences of your actions. If good company
is sought in the course of worldly journeys and travel, what should be
the case in the travel of the Hereafter where the believer is in
greater need to have a righteous helper and an agreeable companion who
would be, in relation to his friend, like two hands that wash the
other.
They are righteous people who guide you to the way of righteousness
and direct you with their kind words if you commit an undutiful or a
semi-undutiful act.
Hence, it becomes mandatory to get rid of bad friends who are the
reason behind every catastrophe. You should know, especially in this
stage of adolescence, that friends are chosen by the adolescent
according to his desire and inclination. The grave problem is that
this test often comes spontaneously where the child grows up with a
neighbor at school or university. This friend may become the reason
behind his undutifulness through absorbing behavior due to frequent
interaction over a period of time. So, you should select your friends
cautiously and deliberately.
3-O people of the faith: here, you should ask yourself: Are you
faithful? Perhaps, you would quickly answer in the affirmative. This
is a good reply; however, to reach such a degree of faithfulness you
should read some questions, if your answer is in the affirmative,
then, enjoy your faithfulness. Otherwise, you should do your best to
make your answers in the affirmative.
- Do you frequently remember your parents' favors?
- Do you frequently thank them for their care and upbringing?
- Do you supplicate Allaah The Almighty for them in your prayers,
going, coming, with your friends and alone?
- Did you ever think about doing something for them and expressing
your love and faithfulness?
- Do you quickly blame yourself and rush to serve them whenever you
feel that you have fallen short to fulfill their rights?
This is the tip of the iceberg of questions which are well known to
faithful people.Subhaan Allaah)Glory be to Allaah!(, when a friend
does us a favor, we remember it, keep treating him kindly and speaking
well of him in his absence by remembering his good qualities. How come
that we do not adopt this attitude— which we adopt towards our
friends— towards our parents who sacrifice their time so that we can
enjoy our times? They spent their money so that we become rich. They
spent many nights crying because of our illness. Many times they were
preoccupied from life with our needs. There are many of their
supplications for us which were answered. How many times do kind
parents sit watching their children dreaming of the day on which they
become successful Muslim youth, with people delighting in them? By
Allaah, these are only a few matters to remember. Is it not time for
us to become faithful?
Family role
1-Understanding the stage: first, I would like to ask why do
adolescents clash with their parents. What are the reasons which drive
him to argue after he was tractable during his childhood? Why does he
tend to independence and individuality in taking decisions?
It seems that the answer is summarized in the fact that the adolescent
is living through a new stage. The more parents are able to understand
this, the more dutifulness they will get and vice versa. Missing
understanding between parents and children is the gravest matter that
culminates in undutifulness to parents. Children want to build their
own life according to their style and that of their friends. On the
other hand, parents look from their own point of view and through
their own perspectives of their customs. Hence, each party is on a
different wavelength. The deeper understanding of this stage the
parents have, the more capable they will be of dealing according to
methodology and awareness. By the permission of Allaah, it will result
in dutifulness to parents and in having good manners.
We previously clarified that the adolescent in this stage wants to
fulfill some needs such as security, acceptance, feeling responsible,
and so on. The more the parents are aware of these needs, the stronger
and more successful the relation will be. Undoubtedly, such success is
topped by dutifulness to parents. Hence, we need to read a lot on the
needs of adolescents and how to deal with them.
2-Stop the conflict: it is important that parents understand that
their children during this stage need to feel that their parents value
them highly and know that they have moved from childhood to youth. In
many cases, we find that the family's stance towards the child, which
may degrade or mock him, increases the child's tendency to resort to
his friends and compound their influence and effect on him.
3-Feeling rejected followed by loss: It is noteworthy that whenever
the adolescent feels acceptance and esteem, he loves his parents more
and more. Therefore, the more we accept the basic personal traits of
our adolescents, the more they feel at ease with us and their desire
to spend time at home increases. Undoubtedly, such a feeling of
acceptance and esteem leads to a similar result with the children.
their children from being undutiful. As it is known that prevention is
better than cure, we advise noble parents who play the greatest role
in this important process, to prepare youth and prevent them from
being undutiful.
The family is the first incubator where the adolescent grows up and
receives an upbringing. Hence, it has a far-reaching effect on the
upbringing of children. It is sufficient to know that children act in
a way that conforms to their environment. So, the environment forms
the way in which the child learns his behavior. If adolescents grow up
with a sense of righteousness and gratitude, undoubtedly, this would
greatly affect them.
The following are some of the important means that parents should use
while building the wall to prevent undutifulness:
1-Extreme warning: An extreme warning lies in bringing up the children
to be undutiful. Perhaps some people wonder about this warning. Yes,
there are parents who plant the bomb which soon explodes. For example,
some families express happiness when the child grows and is able to
speak and move. Consequently, they tell him to beat or insult one of
the parents. They mix jest with seriousness causing the disruption of
the child's moral standards. They are not aware that they are
implanting in the innocent little child, at a very young age,
disrespect to parents. This is the way it has always been, and always
will be.
2-Keenness on teaching the child the parents' favors: It is a key step
on the way of preventing undutifulness. It is to raise the children to
be accustomed to respecting and realizing the status and favor of
their parents. Ignorance of the status of parents and consequent
punishment for being undutiful to them will lead the children to be
undutiful.
3-To be equally dutiful to you: Some parents are trapped in
discrimination by favoring some of their children to others. This is
plain injustice. Therefore,Sharee'ah)Islamic legislation( strongly
forbids this matter and warns of its bad consequences. When Basheer
ibn Sa'dcame to the Prophet,, to give his son An-Nu'maan a gift; the
Prophet,, asked:"'Did you give all your children gifts like
An-Nu'maan?'He said, 'No.' The Prophetsaid:'So, look for another
witness. Do you not like them )your children( to be equally dutiful to
you?'"]Al-Albaani:Saheeh[
Steps of treatment
After dealing with the gravity of undutifulness and suggesting some
methods to prevent it, we should talk about the steps of treatment,
which are:
1-Virtues and punishments: This is one of the foremost steps which the
person who seeks dutifulness should have in mind and realize. One
could change from one state to another if he finds a strong motive.
Undoubtedly, knowing and remembering the fruits of dutifulness will be
one of the best incentives to practice it. Similarly, contemplating
the bad consequences of undutifulness and the resulting distress and
grief in the worldly life before the Hereafter will help one be
dutiful and keep away from undutifulness.
2-Good friends: You should have good friends who correct your mistakes
and inform you about the consequences of your actions. If good company
is sought in the course of worldly journeys and travel, what should be
the case in the travel of the Hereafter where the believer is in
greater need to have a righteous helper and an agreeable companion who
would be, in relation to his friend, like two hands that wash the
other.
They are righteous people who guide you to the way of righteousness
and direct you with their kind words if you commit an undutiful or a
semi-undutiful act.
Hence, it becomes mandatory to get rid of bad friends who are the
reason behind every catastrophe. You should know, especially in this
stage of adolescence, that friends are chosen by the adolescent
according to his desire and inclination. The grave problem is that
this test often comes spontaneously where the child grows up with a
neighbor at school or university. This friend may become the reason
behind his undutifulness through absorbing behavior due to frequent
interaction over a period of time. So, you should select your friends
cautiously and deliberately.
3-O people of the faith: here, you should ask yourself: Are you
faithful? Perhaps, you would quickly answer in the affirmative. This
is a good reply; however, to reach such a degree of faithfulness you
should read some questions, if your answer is in the affirmative,
then, enjoy your faithfulness. Otherwise, you should do your best to
make your answers in the affirmative.
- Do you frequently remember your parents' favors?
- Do you frequently thank them for their care and upbringing?
- Do you supplicate Allaah The Almighty for them in your prayers,
going, coming, with your friends and alone?
- Did you ever think about doing something for them and expressing
your love and faithfulness?
- Do you quickly blame yourself and rush to serve them whenever you
feel that you have fallen short to fulfill their rights?
This is the tip of the iceberg of questions which are well known to
faithful people.Subhaan Allaah)Glory be to Allaah!(, when a friend
does us a favor, we remember it, keep treating him kindly and speaking
well of him in his absence by remembering his good qualities. How come
that we do not adopt this attitude— which we adopt towards our
friends— towards our parents who sacrifice their time so that we can
enjoy our times? They spent their money so that we become rich. They
spent many nights crying because of our illness. Many times they were
preoccupied from life with our needs. There are many of their
supplications for us which were answered. How many times do kind
parents sit watching their children dreaming of the day on which they
become successful Muslim youth, with people delighting in them? By
Allaah, these are only a few matters to remember. Is it not time for
us to become faithful?
Family role
1-Understanding the stage: first, I would like to ask why do
adolescents clash with their parents. What are the reasons which drive
him to argue after he was tractable during his childhood? Why does he
tend to independence and individuality in taking decisions?
It seems that the answer is summarized in the fact that the adolescent
is living through a new stage. The more parents are able to understand
this, the more dutifulness they will get and vice versa. Missing
understanding between parents and children is the gravest matter that
culminates in undutifulness to parents. Children want to build their
own life according to their style and that of their friends. On the
other hand, parents look from their own point of view and through
their own perspectives of their customs. Hence, each party is on a
different wavelength. The deeper understanding of this stage the
parents have, the more capable they will be of dealing according to
methodology and awareness. By the permission of Allaah, it will result
in dutifulness to parents and in having good manners.
We previously clarified that the adolescent in this stage wants to
fulfill some needs such as security, acceptance, feeling responsible,
and so on. The more the parents are aware of these needs, the stronger
and more successful the relation will be. Undoubtedly, such success is
topped by dutifulness to parents. Hence, we need to read a lot on the
needs of adolescents and how to deal with them.
2-Stop the conflict: it is important that parents understand that
their children during this stage need to feel that their parents value
them highly and know that they have moved from childhood to youth. In
many cases, we find that the family's stance towards the child, which
may degrade or mock him, increases the child's tendency to resort to
his friends and compound their influence and effect on him.
3-Feeling rejected followed by loss: It is noteworthy that whenever
the adolescent feels acceptance and esteem, he loves his parents more
and more. Therefore, the more we accept the basic personal traits of
our adolescents, the more they feel at ease with us and their desire
to spend time at home increases. Undoubtedly, such a feeling of
acceptance and esteem leads to a similar result with the children.
Dought & clear, - Helping someone who faints during Jumu’ah prayers.
In one of the Friday prayer , a person praying besides me got fainted
and lied down unconsiously.
My question is , what should be done at this moment ? Should we alert
others and cry for help or just wait for the prayer to end .
Please provide the answer in detail.
Praise be to Allaah.
And upon you be peace and the mercy of Allaah and His blessings.
This depends on what has happened to this worshipper. If waiting until
you have finished the prayer will cause him harm, then you should stop
your prayer and help him. If waiting until you finish will not cause
him harm then you can help him after you finish the prayer. And Allaah
knows best.
Fatwa of Shaykh 'Abd-Allaah al-Ghadyaan.
In such cases you should act according to what you believe is most
likely to be the case, with regard to whether waiting until the prayer
is finished will cause harm or not. And Allaah knows best.
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
and lied down unconsiously.
My question is , what should be done at this moment ? Should we alert
others and cry for help or just wait for the prayer to end .
Please provide the answer in detail.
Praise be to Allaah.
And upon you be peace and the mercy of Allaah and His blessings.
This depends on what has happened to this worshipper. If waiting until
you have finished the prayer will cause him harm, then you should stop
your prayer and help him. If waiting until you finish will not cause
him harm then you can help him after you finish the prayer. And Allaah
knows best.
Fatwa of Shaykh 'Abd-Allaah al-Ghadyaan.
In such cases you should act according to what you believe is most
likely to be the case, with regard to whether waiting until the prayer
is finished will cause harm or not. And Allaah knows best.
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
Dought & clear, - Reasons for doing the prostration of forgetfulness.
When is it prescribed for a worshipper to do the prostration of forgetfulness?.
Praise be to Allaah.
By the mercy of Allaah to His slaves, as one of the beauties of this
perfect religion, Allaah has prescribed that His slaves may make up
for shortcomings and mistakes that they make in their worship and
cannot avoid completely, by performing supererogatory (naafil) acts of
worship, praying for forgiveness and so on.
One of the things that Allaah has prescribed for His slaves to make up
for shortcomings that may occur in their prayer is the prostration of
forgetfulness, but it is only prescribed to make up for certain
things; it does not make up for everything nor is it prescribed for
everything.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked about
the reasons for doing the prostration of forgetfulness, and he replied
as follows:
The prostration of forgetfulness in prayer is generally prescribed for
three reasons:
1-Doing something extra
2-Omitting something
3-Being uncertain
Doing something extra: for example, doing an extra bow (rukoo'),
prostration (sujood), standing or sitting.
Omitting something: such as omitting an essential part of the prayer,
or omitting one of the obligatory parts of the prayer.
Being uncertain: such as when a person is not sure how many rak'ahs he
has prayed, whether it was three or four, for example.
In the case of doing something extra, if a person adds something to
his prayer – bowing, prostrating, standing or sitting – deliberately,
then his prayer becomes invalid, because when he added it, that means
that he did not do the prayer in the manner ordained by Allaah and His
Messenger(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). The
Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Whoever does
an action that is not part of this matter of ours (i.e., Islam), will
have it rejected." Narrated by Muslim, 1718.
But if he did that extra thing by mistake, then his prayer is not
invalidated, but he should do the prostration of forgetfulness after
saying the salaam. The evidence for that is the hadeeth of Abu
Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said that when the
Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said the salaam
after two rak'ahs in one of the two afternoon prayers, either Zuhr or
'Asr, and they told him about that, he(peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) did the rest of the prayer, then he said the salaam, then
he prostrated twice (the prostration of forgetfulness) after saying
the salaam. Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 482; Muslim, 573.
And Ibn Mas'ood (may Allaah be pleased with him) narrated that the
Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) led them in praying
Zuhr and he prayed five rak'ahs. When he had finished it was said to
him: "Has something been added to the prayer?"
He said: "Why are you asking that?"
They said: "You prayed five (rak'ahs)."
So he turned towards the qiblah and prostrated twice. Narrated by
al-Bukhaari, 4040; Muslim, 572.
In the case of omitting something, if a person omits one of the
essential parts of the prayer, one of the following two scenarios must
apply:
Either he remembers it before he reaches the same point in the
following rak'ah, so he has to go back and do that essential part of
the prayer and whatever came after it,
Or he does not remember it until he reaches the same point in the
following rak'ah, in which case the following rak'ah takes the place
of the one in which he omitted that essential part, and he should make
up the invalid rak'ah.
In either of these two cases, he should do the prostration of
forgetfulness after saying the salaam.
For example: a man stood up after doing the first prostration of the
first rak'ah and did not sit or do the second prostration. When he
started to recite Qur'aan he remembers that he had not done the second
prostration or sat between the two prostrations. In that case he
should go back and sit as between the two prostrations, then
prostrate, then stand up and do whatever is left of his prayer, and do
the prostration of forgetfulness after saying the salaam.
An example of one who did not remember until after he reached the same
point in the following rak'ah is a man who stood up following the
first prostration in the first rak'ah and did not do the second
prostration or sit between the two prostrations, but he did not
remember that until he sat between the two prostrations in the second
rak'ah. In this case he should make the second rak'ah the first
rak'ah, and add another rak'ah to his prayer, then say the salaam then
do the prostration of forgetfulness.
Omitting an obligatory part of the prayer – such as if he omits an
obligatory part and moves on to the next part of the prayer. For
example, he forgets to say Subhaan Rabbiy al-A'la (Glory be to my Lord
Most High) and he does not remember until he has got up from
prostrating. In this case he has omitted an obligatory part of the
prayer by mistake, so he should carry on with his prayer then do the
prostration of forgetfulness before saying the salaam, because when
the Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) omitted the
first tashahhud he carried on with his prayer and did not go back and
repeat anything, then he did the prostration of forgetfulness before
saying the salaam.
In the case of being uncertain, such as if a person is not sure if he
has done something extra or omitted something, e.g., he is not sure
whether he has prayed three rak'ahs or four, one of the following two
scenarios must apply:
Either he thinks that one or the other is more likely to be case,
whether it is doing more or omitting something, in which case he
should proceed on the basis of what he thinks is more likely to be the
case, complete his prayer accordingly, then do the prostration of
forgetfulness after saying the salaam;
Or neither appears more likely to be the case, so he should proceed on
the basis of what is certain, namely the lesser amount, and complete
his prayer accordingly, then do the prostration of forgetfulness
before saying the salaam.
For example: a man prays Zuhr then he is not sure whether he is
praying the third or fourth rak'ah, but he thinks it more likely that
it is the third. So he should pray another rak'ah, then say the
salaam, then do the prostration of forgetfulness.
An example of when neither seems to him more likely to be the case is
when a man is praying Zuhr and is not sure whether he is in the third
rak'ah or the fourth, and neither seems to him more likely to be the
case. In that case he should proceed on the basis of what is certain,
which is the lesser amount. So he should regard it as the third
rak'ah, then do another rak'ah and do the prostration of forgetfulness
before saying the salaam. Thus it becomes clear that this should be
done before the salaam if you have omitted one of the obligatory parts
of the prayer or if you are not sure how many rak'ahs you have done,
and neither of the two choices seems more likely to be the case. And
it should be done after the salaam if you have added something extra
to the prayer or you are not certain but one of the two choices seems
more likely to be the case.
SeeMajmoo' Fataawa al-Shaykh, 14/14-16
And Allaah is the Source of strength.
Praise be to Allaah.
By the mercy of Allaah to His slaves, as one of the beauties of this
perfect religion, Allaah has prescribed that His slaves may make up
for shortcomings and mistakes that they make in their worship and
cannot avoid completely, by performing supererogatory (naafil) acts of
worship, praying for forgiveness and so on.
One of the things that Allaah has prescribed for His slaves to make up
for shortcomings that may occur in their prayer is the prostration of
forgetfulness, but it is only prescribed to make up for certain
things; it does not make up for everything nor is it prescribed for
everything.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked about
the reasons for doing the prostration of forgetfulness, and he replied
as follows:
The prostration of forgetfulness in prayer is generally prescribed for
three reasons:
1-Doing something extra
2-Omitting something
3-Being uncertain
Doing something extra: for example, doing an extra bow (rukoo'),
prostration (sujood), standing or sitting.
Omitting something: such as omitting an essential part of the prayer,
or omitting one of the obligatory parts of the prayer.
Being uncertain: such as when a person is not sure how many rak'ahs he
has prayed, whether it was three or four, for example.
In the case of doing something extra, if a person adds something to
his prayer – bowing, prostrating, standing or sitting – deliberately,
then his prayer becomes invalid, because when he added it, that means
that he did not do the prayer in the manner ordained by Allaah and His
Messenger(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). The
Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Whoever does
an action that is not part of this matter of ours (i.e., Islam), will
have it rejected." Narrated by Muslim, 1718.
But if he did that extra thing by mistake, then his prayer is not
invalidated, but he should do the prostration of forgetfulness after
saying the salaam. The evidence for that is the hadeeth of Abu
Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said that when the
Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said the salaam
after two rak'ahs in one of the two afternoon prayers, either Zuhr or
'Asr, and they told him about that, he(peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) did the rest of the prayer, then he said the salaam, then
he prostrated twice (the prostration of forgetfulness) after saying
the salaam. Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 482; Muslim, 573.
And Ibn Mas'ood (may Allaah be pleased with him) narrated that the
Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) led them in praying
Zuhr and he prayed five rak'ahs. When he had finished it was said to
him: "Has something been added to the prayer?"
He said: "Why are you asking that?"
They said: "You prayed five (rak'ahs)."
So he turned towards the qiblah and prostrated twice. Narrated by
al-Bukhaari, 4040; Muslim, 572.
In the case of omitting something, if a person omits one of the
essential parts of the prayer, one of the following two scenarios must
apply:
Either he remembers it before he reaches the same point in the
following rak'ah, so he has to go back and do that essential part of
the prayer and whatever came after it,
Or he does not remember it until he reaches the same point in the
following rak'ah, in which case the following rak'ah takes the place
of the one in which he omitted that essential part, and he should make
up the invalid rak'ah.
In either of these two cases, he should do the prostration of
forgetfulness after saying the salaam.
For example: a man stood up after doing the first prostration of the
first rak'ah and did not sit or do the second prostration. When he
started to recite Qur'aan he remembers that he had not done the second
prostration or sat between the two prostrations. In that case he
should go back and sit as between the two prostrations, then
prostrate, then stand up and do whatever is left of his prayer, and do
the prostration of forgetfulness after saying the salaam.
An example of one who did not remember until after he reached the same
point in the following rak'ah is a man who stood up following the
first prostration in the first rak'ah and did not do the second
prostration or sit between the two prostrations, but he did not
remember that until he sat between the two prostrations in the second
rak'ah. In this case he should make the second rak'ah the first
rak'ah, and add another rak'ah to his prayer, then say the salaam then
do the prostration of forgetfulness.
Omitting an obligatory part of the prayer – such as if he omits an
obligatory part and moves on to the next part of the prayer. For
example, he forgets to say Subhaan Rabbiy al-A'la (Glory be to my Lord
Most High) and he does not remember until he has got up from
prostrating. In this case he has omitted an obligatory part of the
prayer by mistake, so he should carry on with his prayer then do the
prostration of forgetfulness before saying the salaam, because when
the Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) omitted the
first tashahhud he carried on with his prayer and did not go back and
repeat anything, then he did the prostration of forgetfulness before
saying the salaam.
In the case of being uncertain, such as if a person is not sure if he
has done something extra or omitted something, e.g., he is not sure
whether he has prayed three rak'ahs or four, one of the following two
scenarios must apply:
Either he thinks that one or the other is more likely to be case,
whether it is doing more or omitting something, in which case he
should proceed on the basis of what he thinks is more likely to be the
case, complete his prayer accordingly, then do the prostration of
forgetfulness after saying the salaam;
Or neither appears more likely to be the case, so he should proceed on
the basis of what is certain, namely the lesser amount, and complete
his prayer accordingly, then do the prostration of forgetfulness
before saying the salaam.
For example: a man prays Zuhr then he is not sure whether he is
praying the third or fourth rak'ah, but he thinks it more likely that
it is the third. So he should pray another rak'ah, then say the
salaam, then do the prostration of forgetfulness.
An example of when neither seems to him more likely to be the case is
when a man is praying Zuhr and is not sure whether he is in the third
rak'ah or the fourth, and neither seems to him more likely to be the
case. In that case he should proceed on the basis of what is certain,
which is the lesser amount. So he should regard it as the third
rak'ah, then do another rak'ah and do the prostration of forgetfulness
before saying the salaam. Thus it becomes clear that this should be
done before the salaam if you have omitted one of the obligatory parts
of the prayer or if you are not sure how many rak'ahs you have done,
and neither of the two choices seems more likely to be the case. And
it should be done after the salaam if you have added something extra
to the prayer or you are not certain but one of the two choices seems
more likely to be the case.
SeeMajmoo' Fataawa al-Shaykh, 14/14-16
And Allaah is the Source of strength.
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