Fathwa - Purification - Rulings on Purificationfor the Sick

All praise be to Allaah, the Lords of the Worlds, and may peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon the noblest of the Prophets and
Messengers, our Prophet, Muhammad and upon all his family and
Companions. As for what follows:
Verily, Allaah, the Most Glorified, Most High has legislated
purification for every prayer, because the elimination of impurity and
the removal of pollution - whether on the body, the clothes or the
place of prayer - are two of the conditions of prayer.So when the
Muslim wishes to pray, he must perform the well known ablution (Wudhu)
to purify himself from minor impurity, or make Ghusl if the impurity
is ofthe major kind. And before making ablution, Istinja' must be
performed with water, or Istijmar by the one who has urinated or
defecated in order that the purification and cleansing be complete.
What follows is an explanation of some of the rulings related to this.
Istinja' with water is obligatory every time something is discharged
from the bowel and bladder, such as urine orfaeces. But it is not
necessary for the sleeperor one who passes wind to perform Istinja' .
He is only required to performablution, because Istinja' is only
prescribed for theremoval of impurity, andthere is no impurity in this
situation.
Istijmar is performed using stones, or another material in its place
(such as wood, paper etc.) It must consist of three clean stones, as
proved by the Hadith of the Prophet (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam)
which states that he said:
ãóäú ÇÓúÊóÌúãóÑó ÝóáúíõæúÊöÑú
"Whoever performs Istijmar, let him make it Witr (i.e. use an odd
number of stones)." [AbuDawud no.35 and Ibn Majah no. 337]
And he (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) also said:
ÅöÐóÇ ÐóåóÈó ÃóÍóÏõßõãú Åöáóì ÇáúÛóÇÆöØ ÝóáúíóÐúåóÈú ãóÚóåõ ÈöËóáÇËóÉö
ÃóÍúÌóÇÑò ÝóÅöäøóåóÇ ÊõÌúÒöìÁõ Úóäúåõ
"If any of you goes to defecate, he should take with him three stones,
for they will be sufficientfor him."
Muslim narrated that he (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) forbade Istijmar
with less than three stones. It is not permissible to make Istijmar
with animal droppings, bones or food or anything which contains some
forbiddenmaterial. It is preferred for a person to perform istijmar
with stones, or the like such as tissues etc. After which, he should
use water, because the stones remove the essence of the pollution, but
the water purifies the area and is therefore more thorough. A person
has achoice of Istinja' with water, or Istijmar with stones or the
like. It is reported on the authority of Anas, may Allaah be pleased
with him, that he said:
"The Prophet (Sallallaahualayhi wasallam) enteredthe toilet and I and
a young boy like me carried materials, including water and 'anaza (a
short spear) and he would perform Istinja' with the water."
[al-Bukhari no.152 & Muslim no.271.]
It is reported on the authority of 'Aishah, mayAllaah be pleased with
her, that she said to a group of women:
"Order your husbands to clean themselves following defecation with
water, for I am too embarrassed to do so, and the Prophet (Sallallaahu
alayhi wasallam) used to do so." At-Tirmidhee said that it was
authentic [At-Tirmidhee no.19]
If a person wants to use only one of them (i.e. stones or water), it
is preferred to choose water, because it cleans the area removing the
essence and the traces and it is more thorough in cleansing. If he
chooses to only use stones, he should content himself with three, if
it cleanses the area, but if it is not enough, he may use fouror five
(or more) until hehas cleaned the area, but it is better to finish
with an odd number, based upon the saying of the Prophet (Sallallaahu
alayhi wasallam) :
ãóäú ÇÓúÊóÌúãóÑó ÝóáúíõæúÊöÑú
"Whoever performs Istijmar , let him make it Witr ." [Abu Dawud
no.35and Ibn Majah no. 337]
It is not permissable to make the Istijmar with the right hand,
according to the Hadith of Salman, may Allaah bepleased with him, in
which he said:
"The Messenger of Allaahforbade us from performing Istinja' with the
right hand." And he said:
áÇó íõãúÓößú ÃóÍóÏóßõãú ÐóßóÑóåõ Èöíóãöíúäöåö æóåõæó íóÈõæúáõ æóáÇó
íóÊóãóÓøóÍú ãöäú ÇáúÎóáÇóÁö Èöíóãöíúäöåö
"None of you should hold his penis in his right hand while he is
urinating. nor should he wipe himself with the right hand after
answering the call of nature." [Al-Bukhari no.153 & Muslim no.267]
But if his left hand has been cut off, or is broken or there is some
disease in it, he may use his right hand, and thereis no objection to
that.
Because the Islamic law is based upon facility and ease, Allaah, the
Most Glorified, Most Highhas lightened the burden of worship on those
who have some excuse, according to the excuse. He, the Most Highsays:
æóãóÇ ÌóÚóáó Úóáóíúßõãú Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö ãöäú ÍóÑóÌò
"And (He) has not laid upon you in religion anyhardship ." [Surah al-Hajj22:78]
And He says:
íõÑöíÏõ Çááøåõ Èößõãõ ÇáúíõÓúÑó æóáÇó íõÑöíÏõ Èößõãõ ÇáúÚõÓúÑó
"Allaah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things
difficult for you." [Surah al-Baqarah 2:185]
And He says:
ÝóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóØóÚúÊõãú
"So keep your duty to Allaah and fear Him as much as you can."
[Surahat-Taghabun 64:16]
And the Prophet (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) said:
ÅöÐóÇ ÃóãóÑúÊõßõãú ÈöÃóãúÑò ÝóÃúÊõæÇ ãöäúåõ ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóØóÚúÊõãú
"If I order you to do something, do it as muchas you can."
[Al-Bukharino.7288 & Muslim no.1337]
And he (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) said:
Åöäøó ÇáÏøöíúäó íñÓúÑñ
"Verily the Religion is ease." [Narrated by al-Bukhari]
If a sick person is unable to cleanse himself of minor impurity with
the water by making ablution, or he is unable to purify himself of
major impurity by making Ghusl , due to weakness, or fear of making
his illness worse,or delaying his recovery,he may perform Tayammum
[Dry ablutionusing sand or dust.]
This is done by striking his hands in clean dust once, then wiping his
face with the palms of his hands and his fingersslowly, based upon the
Words of Him, the Most High:
æóÅöä ßõäÊõã ãøóÑúÖóì Ãóæú Úóáóì ÓóÝóÑò Ãóæú ÌóÇÁ ÃóÍóÏñ ãøöäßõã ãøöä
ÇáúÛóÂÆöØö Ãóæú áÇóãóÓúÊõãõ ÇáäøöÓóÇÁÝóáóãú ÊóÌöÏõæÇú ãóÇÁ
ÝóÊóíóãøóãõæÇú ÕóÚöíÏðÇ ØóíøöÈðÇ ÝóÇãúÓóÍõæÇú ÈöæõÌõæåößõãú
æóÃóíúÏöíßõãú Åöäøó Çááøåó ßóÇäó ÚóÝõæøðÇÛóÝõæÑðÇ
"And if you are ill, or on a journey, or one of you comes after
answering the call of nature, or youhave been in contact with women
(by sexual relations) and you find no water, perform Tayammum with
clean earth and rub therewith your faces and hands (Tayammum). Truly,
Allaah is Ever Oft-Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving." [Surah An-Nisa 4:43]
The ruling on those who are unable to use water is the same that of
those who are unable to find water, according to the words of the
Prophet (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) :
ÅöäøóãóÇ ÇáÃóÚãÇá ÈÇáäíÇÊ æÅäãÇ áßá ÇãÑÆ ãÇ äæì
"The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions and every person will
get the reward according to what he has intended." [Al-Bukhari no. 1]
A sick person may fall into one of a number of categories:
1. If his illness is a simpleone and he does not fear to use the
water, such as an ailment from which there is no fear that using the
water willdelay his recovery, or increase his pain, or cause any
infection, suchas a headache, toothache and the like, or he is able to
use warm water without harm, then it is not allowed for him to make
Tayammum . Because thepermission to perform it is in order to prevent
harm, and there is no fear of harm to him, and because he can find
water, therefore he mustuse it.
2. If he fears from an illness which he fears may - should he use
water - cause his death or harm one of his organs, or may lead to some
illness which mightcause his death or harm one of his organs, or cause
the loss of some faculty, then it is permissible for him to perform
Tayammum , based upon the words ofthe Most High:
æóáÇó ÊóÞúÊõáõæÇú ÃóäÝõÓóßõãú Åöäøó Çááøåó ßóÇäó Èößõãú ÑóÍöíãðÇ
"And do not kill yourselves (nor kill one another). Surely, Allaah is
Most Merciful to you." [Surah an-Nisa' 4:29]
3. If he is suffering from some illness which makes him unable to
move, and he finds no one to bring him water, it is permissible for
him to perform Tayammum .
4. Anyone suffering froma wound, an ulcer or fracture, or any illness
which will be exacerbated by using water, and who becomes Junub [in a
state of sexual impurity] is allowed to perform Tayammum , based
uponthe above evidences. If he is able to wash the healthy areas of
his body, he must do so and make Tayammum for the rest.
A sick person who is in a place in which he finds neither water nor
dust, or anyone who can bring him either one of them, may pray
whatever condition he isin, and he is not allowedto delay the prayer,
as Allaah, the Most High say:
ÝóÇÊøóÞõæÇ Çááøóåó ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóØóÚúÊõãú
"So keep your duty to Allaah and fear Him as much as you can."
[Surahat-Taghabun 64:16]
6. An invalid afflicted with incontinence of urine, who is not cured
by his treatment, must make ablution for every prayer after the start
of its prescribed time, washoff any urine that has affected his body,
and wear a clean garment for his prayer, if this is not a burden on
him. But if it is, he is excused from it, based upon the Allaah Words:
æóãóÇ ÌóÚóáó Úóáóíúßõãú Ýöí ÇáÏøöíäö ãöäú ÍóÑóÌò
"And (He) has not laid upon you in religion anyhardship ." [Surah al-Hajj22:78]
And His Words:
íõÑöíÏõ Çááøåõ Èößõãõ ÇáúíõÓúÑó æóáÇó íõÑöíÏõ Èößõãõ ÇáúÚõÓúÑó
"Allaah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things
difficult for you." [Surah al-Baqarah 2:185]
And He says:
And the words of the Prophet (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) :
ÅöÐóÇ ÃóãóÑúÊõßõãú ÈöÃóãúÑò ÝóÃúÊõæÇ ãöäúåõ ãóÇ ÇÓúÊóØóÚúÊõãú
"If I order you to do something, do it as muchas you cable."
[Al-Bukhari no.7288 & Muslim no.1337]
He must try to the best ofhis ability to prevent the spread of the
urine to his clothes, or his body, or the place in which he will pray.
And everythingthat invalidates ablution also invalidates Tayammum ,
and in addition, the ability to use water or its presence. And Allaah
knows best.

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The Guards of the Prophet - III

'Abbaad ibn Bishr ibn Waqish ibn Zaghbah ibn Zu'awraa' ibn 'Abd Al-Ashhal :
He was one of those who witnessed the Battle of Badr, andhe was among
the leaders of the tribe of Al-Aws. He is the one whose stick had lit
up for him at night when he was returning to his home after
accompanying theProphet . He embraced Islam at the hands of Mus'ab ibn
'Umayr and he was among those who killed the leader of theJews, Ka'b
ibn Al-Ashraf. The Prophet nominated him to collect the obligatory
charity and alms from the tribes of Muznah and Bani Saleem. He also
assigned to him to lead the guard during the Battle of Tabook. 'Abbaad
showed extreme courage in the Battle of Al-Yamaamah, and he had a
lofty status. He lived to be forty-five years and make him pleased.
Abu Ayyoob Al-Ansaari :
He is Khaalid ibn Zayd ibn Kulayb ibn Tha'labah Abd Amr ibn Aw fibn
Ghanam ibn Maalik ibn An-Najjaar ibn Tha'labah ibn 'AmrAl-Ansaari
Al-Khazraji. He witnessed the second Al-'Aqabah Pledge of Allegiance,
as he went out with the delegation of Madeenah to give the Prophet
their pledge of allegiance in Makkah.
When the Prophet reached Madeenah, emigrating from Makkah, he stayed
at the house of Abu Ayyoob and he also paired him and Mus'ab ibn
'Umayr as brothers. He witnessed all the military expeditions with the
Prophet .
It is narrated that when the Prophet married Safiyyah in Khaybar, he
passed the night with her in a tent belonging to Abu Ayyoob who passed
the night carrying his sword to guardthe Prophet . He remained going
around the tent until the morning, and when the Prophet got up and saw
him in his place, he asked him: "What is up with you, O Abu Ayyoob?"
He replied, "O Messenger of Allaah, I was afraid of this woman (i.e.,
Safiyyah) on you, for you have justkilled her father, her husband and
her people, and until recently, she was in unbelief. So I was afraid
of her on you." Whereupon, the Prophet said: "O Allaah! Preserve Abu
Ayyoob as he spent the night preserving me."
He died in the year 52 A.H.
'Abdullaah ibn Mas'ood ibn Ghaafil Al-Huthali :
The Prophet nicknamed him Abu 'Abdur-Rahmaan. His father died in the
Jaahiliyyah (Period of Ignorance), but his mother embraced Islam and
accompanied the Prophet so he was often called by the name of his
mother, 'Ibn Umm 'Abd'. He was among the first forerunners to Islam,
being the sixth among the first six to enter into this religion. He
emigrated to Al-Habashah and to Madeenah as well, and he witnessed the
Battle of Badr and all the other battles with the Prophet . He was the
one who delivered the deathblow to Abu Jahl, and the Prophet granted
him the sword of Abu Jahl when he brought his head to him. He also
guarded the Prophet on the day of the treaty of Al-Hudaybiyah.
Moreover, 'Umar ibn Al-Khattaab put him in charge of the state
treasury in Al-Koofah during his Caliphate.
Ibn Mas'ood died in the year 32 A.H., at the end of the Caliphate of 'Uthmaan .
Abu Qataadah Al-Ansaari :
He was the horseman of the Prophet . There is a differenceof opinion
among historians about his name, yet the most well-known opinion is
that his name is Al-Haarith ibn Rab'iyy ibn Dawmah ibn Khinaas. He was
alsoamong the guards of the Prophet . He narrated about one-hundred
and seventy Hadeeths (narrations) from the Prophet and from these
Al-Bukhaari and Muslim have agreed upon eleven. Al-Bukhaari has
exclusively related two Hadeeths, and Muslim related eight.
Anas ibn Abi Marthad Al-Ghanawi :
His nickname is Abu Yazeed, and the name of his father is Kinaaz ibn
Al-Haseen. Both Anas and his father accompanied the Prophet the father
being twenty years older than his son.
On the day of the Battle of Hunayn, the Prophet asked his Companions :
"Who will be on guard tonight?" Anas ibn Abi Marthad Al-Ghanawi
said,"I shall, O Messenger of Allaah." [Abu Daawood]

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The Guards of the Prophet - II

Muhammad ibn Maslamah Al-Ansaari :
His nickname is Abu 'Abdullaah. He was from the tribe of Bani
Haarithah, and an ally to the tribeof Bani 'Abdil-Ash-hal. He was born
twenty-two years before the Prophetic mission, and he had ten sons and
six daughters. He accepted Islam at the hands ofMus'ab ibn 'Umayr when
Mus'ab was in Madeenah. Moreover, the Prophet paired him and Abu
'Ubaydah ibn Al-Jarraah as brothers –
may Allaah be pleased with both of them.
He witnessed Badr and the battles afterwards, and he guarded the
Prophet on the day of the Battle of Uhud. It is said that the Prophet
appointed him over Madeenah during some of his battles, and that
entitled him to lead about fifty-one platoons. He died seventy-seven
years old, in forty-three A.H.
Al-Mugheerah ibn Shu'bah :
He is Al-Mugheerah ibn Shu'bah ibn Abi 'Aamir ibn Mas'ood Ath-Thaqafi.
He was among the most shrewd and wise Arabs. He was born and grew up
in Thaqeefin At-Taa'if. He accepted Islam in the year of the Battle of
the Trench, after he killed thirteen men from the tribe of Bani
Maalikand took their money after they went with him to Al-Muqawqis
inEgypt. His uncle 'Urwah ibn Mas'ood was the one who paid their blood
money. Then he stayed in Madeenah with the Prophet till he went with
himto Al-Hudaybiyyah.
The Quraysh sent Al-Mugheerah's uncle 'Urwah ibn Mas'ood to the
Prophet to negotiate with him about reconciliation. 'Urwah kept
talking to the Prophet holding the Prophet's beard as hetalked, and
Al-Mugheerah ibn Shu'bah was standing near the head of the Prophet,
holding a sword and wearing a helmet. Every time 'Urwah stretched his
hand towards the beard of the Prophet, Al-Mugheerah wouldhit his hand
with the handle of the sword and say (to Urwah),"Remove your hand from
the beard of the Messenger of Allaah, or it will not return to you
again!" 'Urwah raised his head and asked, "O Muhammad, who isthat? How
rough he is!" The Prophet replied: "He is your nephew, Al-Mugheerah."
Urwah said, "O treacherous one! Am I not doing my best to prevent the
evil consequences of your treachery?" referring to what Al-Mugheerah
did before accepting Islam. [Al-Bukhaari]
Al-Mugheerah witnessed the Ridhwaan pledge of allegiance and the
battles following it. Afterthe death of the Prophet he witnessed the
Battle of Al-Yamaamah and the conquests of Ash-Shaam (the Levant), and
his eye was gouged out in the Battle of Al-Yarmook. 'Umar appointed
Al-Mugheerah over Bahrain, then Al-Basrah, then Al-Koofah, where he
stayed as governor till the assassination of 'Umar .
He died in Al-Koofah in 50 A.H. .
Bilaal ibn Rabaah Al-Habashi (the Abyssinian) :
His nickname is Abu 'Abdullaah, and he is one of the great Companions
of the Prophet . He was among the slaves of the Quraysh who embraced
Islam, which led his master Umayyah ibn Khalaf to torture him cruelly.
However, Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq bought him and set him free.He was known
for his endurance of torture, as he kept saying, "One, One", meaning
Allaah.
Bilaal had a beautiful voice, which was why the Prophet assigned to
him the task of performing the Athaan (call to prayer). He guarded the
Prophet during the Battle of Waadi Al-Qura. In addition to that, he
was present in all the military expeditions with the Prophet . He died
in Ash-Shaam, while fighting in the cause of Allaah, and he was buried
in Damascus in the year 20A.H.
It is narrated that when he was dying, his wife said, "Oh, my sorrow!"
Thereupon, he said to her, "Do not say 'Oh, my sorrow'; rather, say
'Oh, my joy!'" Then he said, "Tomorrow we will meet the loved ones,
Muhammadand his Companions."

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The Guards of the Prophet - I

Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq :
His name is 'Abdullaah ibn Abi Quhaafah and the name of Abu Quhaafah
(i.e., his father) is 'Uthmaan ibn Ka'b At-Taymi Al-Qurashi. His
mother is Salma bint Sakhr ibn 'Aamir At-Taymi.
Abu Bakr was among those who accompanied the Prophet from the
beginning of his Da'wah (call) to Islam, and is considered to be his
nearest friend. He was the first Rightly-Guided Caliph, and one of the
ten Companions who were given the glad tidings of entering Paradise.
He supported the Prophet and he was the first to accept Islam at his
hands.
Abu Bakr was the one who guarded the Prophet in his bower on the day
of Badr. After the death of the Prophet he was recognized as his
Caliph (successor), and this happened exactly on Tuesday, the second
ofRabee' Al-Awwal, in the year 11 A.H. His caliphate lasted for
abouttwo years and four months, and he died on Monday, the 22nd of
Jumaadah Al-Oola, in 13 A.H.
Sa'd bin Abi Waqqaas :
The name of his father is Maalik ibn Uhayb ibn 'Abd Manaaf ibn Zuhrah
Az-Zuhri Al-Madani. He witnessed Badr and all the battles, was one of
the ten Companions who were given the glad tidings of Paradise, and
was the last one of them to die. He was the first to shoot an arrow
inthe cause of Allaah, and he was the cavalier of Islam. He was also
among the six councilors appointed by 'Umar . He was the leader of the
army of Islam inthe conquest of Iraq. Moreover, the Prophet praised
him by saying: "Shoot, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you!
[this is a phrase used by the Arabs to express love and esteem]."
[Al-Bukhaari]
Sa'd was among the guards of the Prophet . 'Aa'ishah reported that,
"the Prophet got no sleep at one night and he said: "If only a
righteous man from my Companions [would] come to guard me." Then we
heard the sound of [a] weapon; thereupon the Prophet called: "Who is
this?" and the man outside replied, "I am Sa'd ibn AbiWaqqaas, O
Messenger of Allaah. Icame to guard you." 'Aa'ishah said, "The Prophet
then slept till I heard him snore." [Muslim]
Az-Zubayr ibn Al-'Awwaam ibn Khuwaylid ibn Asad :
His nickname is Abu 'Abdullaah. He was fifteen years old when he
embraced Islam, and was among the seven forerunners to Islam. His
mother is Safiyyah bint 'Abdul-Muttalib ibn 'Abd Manaaf, the aunt of
the Prophet . He was among those who emigrated to Al-Habashah
(Abyssinia), and he also emigrated to Madeenah. He married Asmaa' bint
Abi Bakr .
He witnessed Badr and all thebattles with the Prophet . He guarded the
Prophet on the day of Al-Khandaq (the day of the Battle of the
Trench). Furthermore, he was among those sent by 'Umar ibn Al-Khattaab
as reinforcementto 'Amr ibn Al-'Aas in the conquest of Egypt. When
'Umar died, Az-Zubayr was among the six Companions who were appointed
by him to choosethe caliph from amongst them.
He was treacherously assassinated at the hands of a man called 'Amr
ibn Jurthoom in the Battle of the Camel, and he was buried in the
outskirts of thecity of Al-Basrah.
Sa'd ibn Mu'aath :
He is Sa'd ibn Mu'aath ibn An-Nu'maan ibn Imru' Al-Qays Al-Ansaari
Al-Awsi Al-Ash-hali, and his mother is Kabshah bint Raafi'. He was one
of the Companions and came from the people of Madeenah. He was the
head of the tribe of Al-Aws, and his nickname was Abu 'Umar. He
embraced Islam at the hands of Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr whom the Prophet sent
to Madeenah before the Hijrah (Emigration) to call its people to
Islam. He witnessed Badr, and on that day he guarded the Prophet in
hisbower. He also carried the flag of the tribe of Al-Aws in Badr and
showed extreme courage. He witnessed Al-Khandaq, in which he was
injured, and when he diedhe was thirty-seven years old.

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