'' Our Lord ! grant us good in this world and good in the hereafter and save us from the torment of the Fire '' [Ameen]
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{in Arab} :->
Rabbanaa aatinaa fid-dunyaa hasanatan wafil aakhirati hasanatan waqinaa 'athaaban-naar/-
(Surah Al-Baqarah ,verse 201)
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all of man's actions, such as birth, death, his day-to-day behaviour,
and all that he thinks about doing decreed by Allaah? Is our life
programmed by Allaah before we are born? Or do we have freedom of
choice and can we decide and do whatever we want, without that being
controlled by Allaah? In brief, do we do whatever we want or what
Allaah has created us to do?.
Praise be to Allaah.
It should be noted that some of our circumstances are forced on us,
and and we have no choice in it, such as the day when a person is
born, the colour of his skin and eyes, and when he will die. All of
these are matters over which people have no control, rather they
happen to them by force. Given that these are matters in which people
have no choice, they do not have anything to do with Paradise or Hell,
torment or blessing.
But some actions are the subject of choice, such as whether to believe
or disbelieve, or worldly matters such as choosing what to eat or
drink, and where to live.
There is nothing of that nature which is entirely outside the will and
decree of Allaah.
But how does that happen?
Belief in al-qadar (the divine will and decree) is one of the pillars
of faith. The Muslim's faith cannot be valid unless he accepts that
everything comes from Allaah. Allaah says (interpretation of the
meaning):
"Verily, We have created all things with Qadar (Divine Preordainments
of all things before their creation as written in the Book of
DecreesAl-Lawh Al-Mahfooz)"
[al-Qamar 54:49]
Indeed, the names of Allaah include al-Qaadir, al-Qadeer and
al-Muqtadir (which refer to His being All-Powerful).
The heart of the matter is that Allaah possesses the attributes of
knowledge, power and will.
Based on that, if people who do deeds want to do them, whether they
are sins or acts of obedience, then Allaah inevitably knows that,
indeed He knew that in eternity past, before He even created the
universe.
Then after He knew it, He wrote it with Him, then when they wanted to
do it, He willed that they should do so. If He did not will that, then
they would not do it. He is All-Powerful, and He is the Creator of
people's deeds because He is the Creator of the human beings who do
them.
So all the deeds of mankind are written with Allaah, because Allaah
has prior knowledge of them. This does not mean that Allaah compels
people to do what they do, rather they have freedom of choice with
regard to their deeds. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Verily, We showed him the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful"
[al-Insaan 76:3]
But their actions are not compelled by Allaah, for Allaah does not
force His slaves to do anything.
Imaam Ibn Abi'l-'Izz al-Hanafi said concerning a similar matter:
If it is said, How can Allaah will something that He is not pleased
with and does not like? How can He will it and create it? How can His
will be reconciled with His hatred for it?
It should be said (in response) that this is the question which has
caused divisions among the people and has caused them to follow
different paths and opinions.
It should be noted that what is willed may be of two types: that which
is willed or wanted for itself, and that which is willed or wanted for
something else.
That which is willed or wanted for itself is that which is wanted and
loved for what it is and for the goodness it contains. So it comes
under the heading of aims and goals. That which is willed or wanted
for something else may not be what is wanted, but it serves a purpose;
it may not serve any purpose in and of itself, even though it may be a
means to attain that which he wants and is aiming for. So it may be
something that is disliked in and of itself, but he may seek it
because it serves a purpose and helps him reach what he wants. So in
this case he will have two opposing feelings, his dislike (of the
means) and his desire (for the end). There is no contradiction, as
these feelings are related to different things. This is like
unpleasant medicine which the one who takes it knows will cure him, or
like cutting off a wasted limb when he knows that will save the rest
of his body, or travelling a difficult route when he knows that it
will bring him to what he wants and loves. The wise man would rather
accept the disliked thing on the basis that he is likely to get good
results even though the ultimate end may not be quite certain. So how
about Allaah, from Whom nothing is hidden? He may dislike something
but it may not be against His will for it to exist, because it may be
a means to an end, and it may be a means to something that Allaah
likes. For example, Allaah created Iblees, who is the cause of the
corruption of religions, deeds, beliefs and human wills; but
nevertheless he is a means to a lot of things that Allaah likes, which
result from the creation of Iblees. For these things to exist is
dearer to Allaah than if they did not exist at all.
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