Dought & Clear, - If the spouses were notpraying at the time of the marriage contract, do they have to renew the marriage contract?.

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If a man did the marriage contract at a time when he was not praying,
and the husband and wife, the wife's father, and the two witnesses
also were not praying, and the onewho did the marriage contract did
not do it in the correct manner, rather he did it in a language other
than Arabic and he did not recite the Shahaadatayn (twin declaration
of faith) or say the words of the marriage contract,what is the ruling
on thismarriage? Is this marriage regarded as legitimate or not? If
theyhave repented from not praying and have begunto pray, should they
do anew marriage contract, or is the old marriage contract regarded as
Islamically acceptable?
Praise be to Allah.
If the one who does not pray does not do so because he is denying that
it is obligatory, thenhe is a kaafir according to scholarly consensus.
But if he does not pray because he is heedless and lazy, then he is a
kaafir according to the more correct of the two scholarly opinions.
Please see the answer to questions no. 5208 and 2182 .
If the husband and wife were not praying at the time of the marriage
contract, then they repented and began to pray, then they remain
married on the basis of the original marriage contract, because the
Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) ruled that people
remained married on the basis of non-Muslim marriage contracts, and he
did not instruct them to repeat the marriage contract after they
became Muslim,. Also, the Sahaabah did not instruct those who came
back to Islam after apostatising to renew their marriage contracts.
Ibn Qudaamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The marriage
contracts of the kuffaar are valid and approved if they become Muslim
… there is no need to examine the form of their marriage contracts or
how they were done, and they are not subject to the same conditions as
Muslim marriages, namely the presence of the wali (wife's guardian)
and witnesses, and the proposal and acceptance, and so on. There is no
difference of opinion among the Muslims concerning this matter. Ibn
'Abd al-Barr said: The scholars are unanimously agreed that if the two
spouses become Muslim togetherat the same time, they remain married on
the basis of their original marriage contract, so long as they are not
mahrams through blood ties or breastfeeding. Many people became Muslim
at the time of theMessenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him), as did their wives; their marriages were approved and the
Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not
ask them about the conditions of marriage or the nature of their
marriage contract. This is something that is well-known from
mutawaatir reports, so itis certain.
End quote from al-Mughni, 10/5
It says in Mataalib Ooli an-Nuha (5/13):
Note: if an apostate marries a kaafir apostatewoman or the like, or
anapostate woman marriesa kaafir man, then both spouses become Muslim,
what should be said in this case is that we accept their marriage,
just as in the case of the harbi (non-Muslim whose people are in a
state of war with the Muslims), if his marriage was not done properly,
then they (he and his wife) become Muslim. The matter is the same.
Apostates came back to Islam at the time of the Messenger of Allah
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and his successors (i.e.,
the Rightly Guided Caliphs) and they were not instructed to renew
their marriage contracts.This is a good analogy, and was stated by
Shaykh Taqiy ad-Deen (i.e., Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah). End quote.
The scholars of the Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas were asked:
I used to pray only rarely, and during that period of my life I got
married. Now, praisebe to Allah, I pray regularly and I have done Hajj
and have repented to Allah, but I do not know what is the ruling on my
marriage, is it valid or not? What should I do if it is not valid?
Please note that I have five children from my wife.
They replied: If your wife was like you at the time of the marriage
contract and did not pray, or she only prayed sometimes, then the
marriage is valid and it does not have to be renewed, because you were
equal in terms of the ruling having to do with not praying, which is
(that the one who does not pray) is a kaafir. However, if the your at
the time of the marriage contract prayed regularly, then what you must
do is renew the marriage contract according to the more correct of the
two scholarly opinions, if both of you still want to be married to the
other. It is also essential to repent from not praying and to pray
regularly in future.
With regard to the children who were born before the renewal of the
marriage contract, they are legitimate and are to be attributed to
their father because the marriage appeared to be valid.
We ask Allah to set your affairs straight and to guide you to all that
is good. And Allah is the source of strength. May Allah send blessings
and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions. End
quote.
Fataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa'imah, 18/290
Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allah have mercy on him) said: But if both of
them did not pray at the time of the marriage contract, then Allah
guided them and they began to pray regularly, then the marriage
contract is valid. This is similar to the case of disbelievers who
become Muslim; their marriage contract does not need to be renewed if
there is no shar'i impediment to the continuation of the marriage,
because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not
instruct the disbelievers who became Muslim at the time of the
conquest of Makkah and so on to renew their marriage contracts.
End quote from Fataawa Ibn Baaz, 10/291
Based on that, if the spouses have repented from not praying and they
have started to pray, they do not need to repeat the marriage
contract; rather their original marriage contract remains valid.
And Allah knows best.

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