Friday Prayers - - Conditions, essential parts and Sunnahs of Jumu’ah khutbahs

Can you explain to us theessential parts, obligations and Sunnahsof
the Jumu'ah khutbah?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
The fuqaha' of the four madhhabs are agreed that the khutbah is a
condition of the Friday prayer being valid, and it is part of the
remembrance of Allaah that Allaah has enjoined in His words
(interpretation of the meaning):
"O you who believe (Muslims)! When the call is proclaimed for the
Salaah (prayer) on Friday (Jumu'ah prayer), come to the remembrance of
Allaah [Jumu'ah religious talk (Khutbah) and Salaah (prayer)] and
leave off business (and every other thing)"
[al-Jumu'ah 62:9].
The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allaah be upon him) persisted in
doing this; in fact it is narrated from some of the Companions that
the khutbah is a replacement for two rak'ahs of Zuhr prayer. All of
that indicates that the khutbah is an essential condition for the
Friday prayer being valid.
Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
To sum up, the khutbah is a condition of Jumu'ah, and it is not valid
without it, as was stated by 'Ata', al-Nakha'i, Qataadah, al-Thawri,
al-Shaafa'i, Ishaaq, Abu Thawr and ashaab al-ra'i. And we do not know
of anyone who disagreed with thatexcept al-Hasan. End quote.
Al-Mughni (2/74)
Secondly:
Conditions of the Friday khutbah
The fuqaha' are also agreed on two of the conditions of the Friday khutbah:
1. That it should be done after the beginning of the time for Friday prayer.
2. That it should be done before the prayer and not after.
Al-Khateebal-Sharbeeni said: according to consensus, except for those
who held odd opinions. Mughni al-Muhtaaj, 1/549. There should not be a
lengthy interval between the two, ratherthe prayer should come
immediately after the khutbah. Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on
him) said: It is essential that the prayer come immediately after the
khutbah. End quote. Al-Mughni, 2/79.
The scholars differed concerning other conditions. We will mention
briefly that which we believe is mostlikely to be conditions after
having studied the evidence of all opinions:
3. The intention (niyyah). That is because the Prophet (blessings
and peace of Allaah be upon him) said: "Actions are but by
intentions." Agreed upon. So it is stipulated that the khateeb should
have theintention of presenting a khutbah that is acceptable and valid
for Friday prayer. This is the view of the Hanbalis andsome of the
Shaafa'is.
4. It should be spoken out loud. It is not acceptable for the
khateeb to give a khutbah silently, because the aims of the khutbah
cannot be achieved unless it is given out loud. This is the view of
the majority of scholars, apart from the Hanafis.
Some of the scholars have stipulated that a specific number of people
must attend the Friday khutbah, and some of them stipulated that the
khutbah should be in Arabic, but we have explained previously on our
website that these two conditions are not valid. See the answer to
question no. 7718 and 112041 .
Thirdly:
Essential part of the Friday khutbah
The correct scholarly view is that the only essential part of the
Friday khutbah is the minimum to which the word khutbah may be applied
according to custom. This is the view of Ibn Hazm. Al-Muhalla, 5/97,
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
It is not sufficient in the khutbah to discourage people from being
attached to worldly matters and to remind them of death, rather it is
essential to give what may be called a khutbah according to custom,
and that cannot be achieved by means of anabbreviated speech that
fails to fulfil the purpose.End quote.
Al-Ikhtiyaaraat, p. 79
Shaykh 'Abd al-Rahmaanal-Sa'di (may Allaah havemercy on him) said:
The fuqaha's stipulation of the four essential parts in each of the
two khutbahs is subject to further discussion. If the speaker does in
each of the two khutbahs that which fulfils the purposeof the khutbah,
which is exhortation that moves the heart, then he has done the
khutbah. But undoubtedly praise of Allaah, blessings upon the
Messenger of Allaah (blessings and peace of Allaah be upon him) and
recitation of some Qur'aan are all things which complete and adorn the
khutbah. End quote.
Al-Fataawa al-Sa'diyyah, p. 193
The khateeb should be pure and free of impurities both minor and
major, and he should wear his best clothes, greet the peoplewith
salaam and deliver the khutbah from the minbar. He should turn to face
the people and he should be sincere in exhorting and reminding the
people in clear and eloquent words. He should keep the khutbah short
and not make it lengthy, and he should make it into two khutbahs.
There are differences of opinion with regard to many of these minor
issues, the details of which are discussed elsewhere. But here we have
limited it to an overall discussion of thatwhich all the Muslims need
to know.
However we should point out here the importance of paying attention to
the people'ssituation with regard to what the khutbah should contain.
The khateeb should give them what they need and not talk to them about
things that they cannot understand or that they do not need to know of
religious issues.
Moreover he should not differ from what people are used to in their
khutbahs of remembrance of Allaah, supplication or other things that
are mustahabb in the khutbah, and for which there is no evidence
thatthey are essential in the khutbah. It is sufficient for there to
be evidence that they are mustahabbor even allowed for him to do them.
And he should pay attention to the people's situation and needs.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, after
discussing what the Hanbali fuqaha' regard as essential in the Friday
khutbah:
Some of the scholars said that the basic condition of the khutbah is
that it should contain exhortation thatsoftens the hearts and is
beneficial to the people present, and that praising Allaah, sending
blessings upon the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allaah be upon him)
and reciting a verseare all part of perfecting the khutbah.
But this opinion, although it carries some weight, need not be
followed if the people ofthis city follow the first view which the
author mentioned above, because if he omits these conditions which the
author has mentioned, the people will become confused and everyone
will leave Jumu'ah feeling that he has not prayed Jumu'ah, but if you
fulfil these conditions you will not be doing anything haraam.
Paying attention to the people with regard to any matter that is not
haraam is the way of sharee'ah. The Prophet (blessings and peace of
Allaah be upon him) paid attention to his Companions with regardto
fasting and not fasting in Ramadan when travelling, and he paid
attention to them with regard to the rebuilding of the Ka'bah,when he
said to 'Aa'ishah: "Were it not that your people are still new in
Islam, I would have demolished the Ka'bah and rebuilt it on the
foundations of Ibraaheem." [Agreed upon] This principle is well known
in sharee'ah.
But if you go along with them with regard to something that is haraam,
this is called compromise and it is notpermissible. Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning): "They wish that you should compromise
(in religion out of courtesy) with them, so they (too) would
compromise with you" [al-Qalam 68:9].
End quote from al-Sharh al-Mumti', 5/56
And Allaah knows best.

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