Prayer, - Dought & clear, - * Ruling on a woman performing theadhaan

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What is the ruling on a woman performing the adhaan for men?.
Praise be to Allaah.
For fourteen hundred years the custom among the Muslims has been that the adhaan has not been performed by anyone except men. This alone should be sufficient evidence that women are not allowed to perform the adhaan for men. Going against this is going against the way of the believers. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And whoever contradicts and opposes the Messenger (Muhammad) after the right path has been shown clearly to him, and follows other than the believers’ way, We shall keep him in the path he has chosen, and burn him in Hell — what an evil destination!”
[al-Nisa’ 4:115]
The matter would be too clear to need any evidence or argument, were it not for the fact that there are people whose eyes have been sealed by Allaah and who are arguing about matters that should be regarded as firmly-established aspects of this religion.
The evidence for that from the Sunnah is as follows:
1 – al-Bukhaari (604) and Muslim (377) narrated that Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: When the Muslims came to Madeenah, they used to gather and wait for the prayer, and there was no call for the prayer. One day they spoke about that and some of them said, “Let us use a bell like the bell of the Christians.” Others said, “No, let us use a horn like the horn of the Jews.” ‘Umar said, “Why don’t you send a man to give the call to prayer?” The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “O Bilaal, get up and call the people to prayer.”
This hadeeth indicates that the decision of the Sahaabah was that no one should give the call to prayer except men, and there is no room for women to do that, because ‘Umar said, “Why don’t you send a man to give the call to prayer?”
2 – al-Bukhaari (684) and Muslim (421) narrated from Sahl ibn Sa’d al-Saa’idi (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever notices anything amiss during the prayer, let him say tasbeeh, for if he does so it will be noticed; and clapping is only for women.”
al-Haafiz said:
It is as if women are not allowed to say tasbeeh because they are enjoined to keep their voices low in prayer at all times, because of the fear of fitnah. End quote.
If women are forbidden to alert the imam by speaking if he makes a mistake, and should clap instead, so that they will not raise their voices in the presence of men, then how can it be allowed for a woman to give the adhaan?
The scholars are agreed that it is not prescribed for women to give the adhaan for men. There follow some of their comments on this topic:
It says inBadaa’i’ al-Sanaa’i’(1/411) (Hanafi):
It is not allowed for a woman to give the adhaan, according to all the reports.
It says inMawaahib al-Jaleel(2/87) (Maaliki):
The adhaan of a woman is not valid. End quote.
Al-Shaafa’i said inal-Umm(1/84):
A woman should not give the call to prayer, and if she gives the adhaan for men, her adhaan is not valid (and they should repeat it). End quote.
It says inal-Insaaf(1/395) (Hanbali):
The adhaan of a woman is not valid.

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Prayer, - Dought & clear, - * Saying a du’aa ‘from the Qur’aan when prostrating

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I am new to Islam and I have learned that it is not allowed to recite the quran while in prostration. But that is that best time to make du'a as one is nearest to his Creator. My question is what about the du'a's that we have that are from the Quraan. Are we allowed to make du'a with them in prostration? Or is that considered reciting?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade reciting Qur’aan when bowing and prostrating.
Muslim (479) narrated that Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I have been forbidden to recite the Qur’aan when bowing or prostrating. As for bowing, glorify your Lord therein, and as for prostrating, strive in du’aa’, for it is deserving of a response (from your Lord).”
Muslim (480) narrated that ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade me to recite Qur’aan when bowing and prostrating.
The scholars are agreed that it is makrooh to recite Qur’aan when bowing or prostrating.
Seeal-Majmoo’, 3/411;al-Mughni, 2/181
The wisdom behind that is:
It was said that the best pillar of prayer is standing and the best of dhikr is reciting Qur’aan, so the best has been put with the best, and it is not allowed to put it with anything else, lest anyone think that it is equal to other kinds of dhikr.‘Awn al-Ma’bood.
It was said that it is because the Qur’aan is the noblest of speech, because it is the Word of Allaah, and the position of bowing and prostration is one of humility and submission on the part of the worshipper, so it is more appropriate not to recite the Word of Allaah in these two positions.Majmoo’al-Fataawa, 5/338
Secondly:
If a person recites a du’aa’ that is mentioned in the Qur’aan when prostrating, such as the words (interpretation of the meaning):“Our Lord! Give us in this world that which is good and in the Hereafter that which is good, and save us from the torment of the Fire” [al-Baqarah 2:201], there is nothing wrong with that, if the intention is to say du’aa’ and not to recite Qur’aan, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Actions are but by intentions, and each person will have but that which he intended.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1; Muslim, 1907.
Al-Zarkashi said: It is makrooh when it is intended as recitation of Qur’aan, but if it is intended as du’aa’ and praise, then it is like someone who did Qunoot by reciting a verse. End quote.
Doing Qunoot by reciting a verse from the Qur’aan is permissible and is not makrooh.
Tuhfat al-Muhtaaj, 2/61
Al-Nawawi said inal-Adhkaar(p. 59)
If a person does Qunoot by reciting a verse which includes a du’aa’, then he has done Qunoot, but it is better to say the du’aa’ as narrated in the Sunnah. End quote.
This applies if he intends to say du’aa’ when he recites the verse.
Seeal-Futoohaat al-Rabbaaniyyah Sharh al-Adhkaar al-Nawawiyyahby Ibn ‘Allaan, 2/308
The scholars of the Standing Committee were asked: We know that it is not permissible to recite Qur’aan when prostrating, but there are some verses which include du’aa’s, such as the words,“Our Lord! Let not our hearts deviate (from the truth) after You have guided us” [Aal ‘Imraan 3:8]. What is the ruling on saying such du’aa’s that are mentioned in the Qur’aan, when prostrating?
They replied: There is nothing wrong with that if it is done as a du’aa’ and not as recitation of Qur’aan.

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Prayer, - Dought & clear, - * The difference between a Jewish or Christian wife and a wife who does not pray

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I read a fatwa which you issued to a Muslim man whose Muslim wife does not pray, and you told him that he had to divorce her. I know that it is permissible for a Muslim man to have a Jewish or Christian wife, and Jewish and Christian women do not pray. Is there some mistake?.
Praise be to Allaah.
There is no mistake in the fatwa referred to. Rather the mistake comes from the questioner wanting to regard as equal a woman who is supposedly Muslim but does not pray and a woman who is Jewish or Christian, on the basis that neither of them prays.
This regarding them as equal is not valid, because there is a difference between them, which is that not praying is major kufr and apostasy that puts a person beyond the pale of Islam. This has been explained in many answers on this site, such as the answers to questions no. 9400and 5208.
Based on this, the woman who does not pray is a kaafir and an apostate from Islam.
The ruling on one who has apostatized from Islam is more severe than the ruling on a Jew or Christian.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said:
The apostate is worse than a kaafir in many ways. End quote.
Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 2/193
Hence meat slaughtered by an apostate cannot be eaten, whereas meat slaughtered by a Jew or Christian may be eaten. It is not permissible for a Muslim to marry an apostate woman, and if his wife apostatizes, the marriage contract becomes null and void, but it is permissible for a Muslim to marry a Jewish or Christian woman.
The crux of the matter is the ruling that one who does not pray is a kaafir. Those who are of this view forbade marriage to a woman who does not pray, and said that it is obligatory to leave a woman if she stops praying. This is the view of Imam Ahmad (may Allaah have mercy on him) and was stated in fatwas by a number of scholars, such as Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him), Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) and Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan (may Allaah preserve him). Our fatwa on this issue and similar issues is based on their fatwas.
Similarly, if a woman does something that implies kufr, such as vilifying Allaah, may He be exalted, or vilifying His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and she persists in her kufr and does not repent, then it is not permissible for her to remain the wife of a Muslim. The same applies if a husband is ruled to be an apostate, then he and his wife must be separated.
And Allaah knows best.

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For children, - Humanity Story: Pledge Allegiance to Humanity

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At a fundraising dinner for a school that serves learning-disabled children, the father of one of the students delivered a speech that would never be forgotten by all who attended. After extolling the school and its dedicated staff, he offered a question: "When not interfered with by outside influences, everything nature does is done with perfection. Yet my son, Shay, cannot learn things as other children do. He cannot understand things as other children do. Where is the natural order of things in my son?"
The audience was stilled by the query.
The father continued. "I believe that when a child like Shay, physically and mentally handicapped comes into the world, an opportunity to realize true human nature presents itself, and it comes in the way other people treat that child."
Then he told the following humanity story:
Shay and his father had walked past a park where some boys Shay knew were playing baseball. Shay asked, "Do you think they will let me play?" Shay's father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence to be accepted by others in spite of his handicaps.
Shay's father approached one of the boys on the field and asked (not expecting much) if Shay could play. The boy looked around for guidance and said, "We are losing by six runs and the game is in the eighth inning. I guess he can be on our team and we will try to put him in to bat in the ninth inning."
Shay struggled over to the team's bench and with a broad smile, put on a team shirt. His father watched with a small tear in his eye and warmth in his heart. The boys saw the father's joy at his son being accepted. In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shay's team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. In the top of the ninth inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the right field. Even though no hits came his way, he was obviously ecstatic just to be in the game and on the field, grinning from ear to ear as his father waved to him from the stands. In the bottom of the ninth inning, Shay's team scored again. Now, with two outs and the bases loaded, the potential winning run was on base and Shay was scheduled to be next at bat.
At this juncture, do they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game? Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat everyone knew that a hit was all but impossible because Shay didn't even know how to hold the bat properly, much less connect with the ball.
However, as Shay stepped up to the plate, the pitcher, recognizing that the other team was putting winning aside for this moment in Shay's life, moved in a few steps to lob the ball in softly so Shay could at least make contact. The first pitch came and Shay swung clumsily and missed. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to toss the ball softly towards Shay. As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.
The game would now be over. The pitcher picked up the soft grounder and could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman. Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game.
Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the first baseman's head, out of reach of all team mates. Everyone from the stands and both teams started yelling, "Shay, run to first! Run to first!" Never in his life had Shay ever run that far, but he made it to first base. He scampered down the baseline, wide-eyed and startled.
Everyone yelled, "Run to second, run to second!" Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second, gleaming and struggling to make it to the base. By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the right fielder had the ball, the smallest guy on their team who now had his first chance to be the hero for his team. He could have thrown the ball to the second-baseman for the tag, but he understood the pitcher's intentions so he, too, intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third-baseman's head. Shay ran toward third base deliriously as the runners ahead of him circled the bases toward home. All were screaming, "Shay, Shay, Shay, all the way Shay."
Shay reached third base because the opposing shortstop ran to help him by turning him in the direction of third base, and shouted, "Run to third! Shay, run to third!"
As Shay rounded third, the boys from both teams, and the spectators, were on their feet screaming, "Shay, run home! Run home!" Shay ran to home, stepped on the plate, and was cheered as the hero who hit the grand slam and won the game for his team.
"That day", said the father softly with tears now rolling down his face, "the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world".
Shay didn't make it to another summer. He died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully embrace her little hero of the day!
All the technology in the world will never replace a positive attitude.
It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. - Albert Einstein
As human beings, our greatness lies not so much in being able to remake the world - that is the myth of the atomic age - as in being able to remake ourselves.

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