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Saturday, September 14, 2013

Fathwa, - Expiation for missed fasting may be delayed until one is able to offer it

Question
I have 375 missed fasts as for today...I have to give Fidya of 3500kg
of rice. As I am not able to make up 375 in a year..what is the best I
can do right now? Even if I do give 3500kg this year, next year I will
have to give Fidya again for 375days.. and the year after but I do not
wish to tax my husband each year and I have no personal income.
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify
that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad,
is His Slave and Messenger.
If you have missed fasts, then you have to make them up, whether they
are few or many. You are not obliged to make them up in order; rather,
it is permissible to divide them according to your ability.
We wish that the sister who asked the question could have mentioned to
us more details about her missed fasts and the reason behind delaying
making them up so that we may know whether expiation is obligatory on
her or not. Anyway, if she has to offer expiation, then the expiation
is obligatory on her wealth not the wealth of her husband. However,
her husband may offer expiation on her behalf with her permission.
As for expiation, it is to feed one poor person the amount of one Mudd
)of staple food( for each day. So, if she missed fasting 375 days,
then she has to offer 375 Mudds. A Mudd is equal to the amount of two
handfuls scooped up by someone with hands of average size, equaling
750 grams approximately, i.e. it is less than one kilogram.
Accordingly, what the questioner mentioned that she is obligated to
offer 3500 kilograms is incorrect; rather, it is just 281 kilograms.
According to most scholars, expiation does not multiply when the
fasting is delayed for many months of Ramadhaan.Ibn
MuflihAl-Hanbalisaid in Al-Mubdi'i: "If several Ramadhaans pass, then
one is not obliged to offer more than one ransom because repeated
delay does not increase the obligation, like if someone delayed the
obligatory Hajj for years, he would not be obliged to perform it more
than once." ]End quote[
The opinion we adopt here in Islamweb is that expiation does not
multiply )with the multiplication of the years(. For more benefit,
kindly refer to Fataawa 83400and 101245.
On the other hand, if she does not have what she offers expiation
with, then ransom will remain obligatory on her and whenever she finds
what she can offer as a ransom, she may offer it. But, she will not be
sinful if she delayed the ransom because she is not able to offer it.
Allaah The Almighty says )what means(:
• }Allaah does not charge a soul except ]with that within[ its
capacity.{]Quran 2:286[
• }So fear Allaah as much as you are able.{]Quran 64:16[
Al-Buhootisaid in Kashshaaf Al-Qinaa': "Feeding that is obligatory
upon the one who delayed making up missed days of Ramadhaan until
another Ramadhaan came is not waived." ]End quote[
Allaah Knows best.

Asceticism is the Way to be Loved - I

Asceticism, or Zuhd, is to abandon the desire for something for the
sake of something which is better, and to abandon the comfort of this
world for the sake of that of the Hereafter. It also means that the
heart should not desire anything that one does not possess. Knowing
that this worldly life is temporary and will eventually come to an end
helps the slave of Allaah to be this way.
Allaah The Almighty Says )what means(:}Know that the life of this
world is but amusement and diversion and adornment and boasting to one
another and competition in increase of wealth and children - like the
example of rain whose ]resulting[ plant growth pleases the tillers;
then it dries and you see it turned yellow; then it becomes
]scattered[ debris. And in the Hereafter is severe punishment and
forgiveness from Allaah and approval. And what is the worldly life
except the enjoyment of delusion.{]Quran 57:20[ Allaah The Almighty
has called this life the "enjoyment of delusion" and has forbidden us
from being deceived by it. He has also informed us of the evil end of
those who are deceived by this worldly life, He warns us of being
considered with the same recompense that they deserved for what they
committed and has dispraised whoever is satisfied or feels secure
therein. He has dispraised such people because He knows that after
this worldly life is an abode which is greater and more honored: the
home of final settlement.
In addition, the slave of Allaah the Almighty knows that his
asceticism in this worldly life will not prevent him from receiving
what was decreed for him and his keenness on it does not bring him
what was not decreed for him. When the slave of Allaah The Almighty is
certain of this fact, he will abandon the inclination to things that
do not bring benefit in the Hereafter. However, being ascetic towards
things that bring benefit in the Hereafter is not a religious act and
its doer is addressed in the verse in which Allaah The Almighty Says
)what means(:}O you who have believed, do not prohibit the good things
which Allaah has made lawful to you and do not transgress. Indeed,
Allaah does not like transgressors.{]Quran 5:87[
The Essence of Asceticism
Asceticism in this worldly life does not mean that one should reject
it, as Sulaymaan )Solomon( and Daawood )David(, may Allaah exalt their
mention, were the most ascetic men of their time while they had
considerable wealth, kingship and a number of wives. The Prophetwas
the most ascetic person ever, yet he had nine wives. 'Ali ibn Abi
Taalib, 'Abdur-Rahmaan ibn 'Awf, Az-Zubayr and 'Uthmaanand many others
were ascetic people while they were wealthy. Imaam Ahmad was asked,
"Can a rich person be ascetic?" He answered, "Yes, if he does not
rejoice with the increase of his wealth or grieve over its decrease."
Al-Hasansaid, "Asceticism does not mean wasting wealth or making what
is lawful unlawful; rather, it is to have confidence in what is in the
Hand of Allaah more than what is in one's own hand, and ]it is also[
that one's condition at the time of a calamity and that under normal
circumstances is alike; and to have the same attitude towards the one
who praises you and the one who dispraises you for the sake of the
truth." This is true asceticism, therefore, a slave of Allaah The
Almighty might be the richest person, yet he is of the most ascetic
because his heart is not attached to this worldly life. On the other
hand, another slave of Allaah The Almighty may be the poorest of
people, but he is not an ascetic at all because his heart clings to
this worldly life.
Kinds of Asceticism
Asceticism with regards to abstaining from what is unlawful is an
individual obligation, and abandoning suspicious matters is obligatory
if it is a strong suspicion; however, if it is weak, abandoning the
suspicious matter is merely recommended. There is asceticism with
regards to abandoning speech, looking, inquiring, meeting and other
things that are not required or called for. Also, there is asceticism
regarding people and asceticism regarding one's own self when one
sacrifices himself in the cause of Allaah The Almighty. The
comprehensive asceticism is being ascetic in everything except in
things that are with Allaah The Almighty and being ascetic in
everything that keeps him away from Him. The best kind of asceticism
is one that is concealed, and the most difficult kind is in things
that are lawful.
Virtues of Asceticism
In many verses, Allaah The Almighty praises asceticism and dispraises
any inclination to worldly life, as He the Almighty Says )what means(:
•}And they rejoice in the worldly life, while the worldly life is not,
compared to the Hereafter, except ]brief[ enjoyment.{]Quran 13:26[
•}The example of ]this[ worldly life is but like rain which We have
sent down from the sky that the plants of the earth absorb - ]those[
from which men and livestock eat - until, when the earth has taken on
its adornment and is beautified and its people suppose that they have
capability over it, there comes to it Our command by night or by day,
and We make it as a harvest, as if it had not flourished yesterday.
Thus do We explain in detail the signs for a people who give
thought.{]Quran 10:24[
•}In order that you not despair over what has eluded you and not exult
]in pride[ over what He has given you. And Allaah does not like
everyone self-deluded and boastful -{]Quran 57:23[
Also, Allaah The Almighty relates the story of the believing man of
the family of Fir'awn )Pharaoh(, where He Says )what means(:}O my
people, this worldly life is only ]temporary[ enjoyment, and indeed,
the Hereafter - that is the home of ]permanent[ settlement.{]Quran
40:39[
Ibn Mas'oodnarrated that the Messenger of Allaahsaid:"I forbade you to
visit graves, but you may now visit them as this would make you
ascetic towards this worldly life and remind you of the
Hereafter."Sahl ibn Sa'd As-Saa'idisaid, "A man came to the Prophetand
said, 'O Messenger of Allaah, guide me to an action which, if I do it,
Allaah will love me and the people will also love me.' The
Prophetsaid:'Be ascetic in this worldly life and Allaah would love
you. Be ascetic towards what is in the hands of others ]meaning, do
not desire what is in their possession[ and they would love you.'"Sahl
ibn Sa'd As-Saa'idialso said, "The Prophetsaid:'Were this worldly life
worth even the wing of a mosquito in the sight of Allaah, He would not
have given even a drink of water to a disbeliever in this worldly
life.'"
The Prophets Were the most Ascetic of People
The Prophets and Messengers are examples for people in their
asceticism in this worldly life and inclination to the Hereafter, as
Allaah The Almighty Says )what means(:}They are the ones whom Allaah
has guided, so from their guidance take an example.{]Quran 6:90[
Anyone who reads the biography of the Prophetwould know how he would
patch up his own garment, mend his shoes and milk his sheep. Also, he
never quenched his hunger, even with barley bread, for two consecutive
days until he died, and would even pass whole days without eating, not
even finding degraded dates to eat. Also, in the Battle of Al-Ahzaab,
he became so hungry that he tied a rock on his stomach, and three
months would pass and he and his family would not light a fire in
their house in order to cook; their only sustenance would be dates and
water. Hewould say:"O Allaah, there is no true life except that of the
Hereafter, so forgive the Ansaar and the Muhaajiroon."'Aa'ishahsaid,
"The bedding of the Messenger of Allaahwas a piece of tanned skin
stuffed with palm fibers." She once bought out a patched-up upper
garment and a thick lower garment and said, "The Messenger of
Allaahdied wearing these two."

Asceticism is the Way to be Loved - II

The Righteous Follow the Way of the Prophets
The righteous follow the way of the Prophetas he was the model
example. 'Alisaid, "All goodness is for those who are ascetic in this
worldly life and those who incline to the Hereafter. They are those
who took the land as their rug, its dust as their mattress, its water
as their perfume, the Quran as their slogan, and supplication as their
garment. They completely renounced the worldly life."
Abu Ad-Dardaa'wrote a letter to some of his friends, saying, "I advise
you to fear Allaah, to be ascetic in this worldly life, and to desire
what is with Allaah. If you do so, Allaah will love you for your
desire for what is with Him, and people will love you for leaving
their worldly lives for them. As-Salaamu Alaykum."
'Urwah ibn Az-Zubayrreported that the Mother of the Believers,
'Aa'ishahonce received eighty thousand Dirhams from Mu'aawiyahand by
that evening she did not have even a single Dirham left. Her maid said
to her, "Should you not have bought a Dirham's worth of meat for us?"
She replied, "If you had reminded me, I would have done."
Ibn Mas'oodsaid, "The worldly life is the home of those who have no
home and the wealth of those who have no wealth. The one who has no
knowledge accumulates in it."
When 'Umarreached Ash-Shaam )greater Syria(, his soldiers met him
while he was wearing a lower garment, a pair of leather socks and a
turban. He was pulling along his riding animal and walking in puddles.
The soldiers said to him, "O commander of the believers, Will the
soldiers and patriarchs of Ash-Shaam meet you while you are in this
state?" He replied, "We are people whom Allaah has honored by Islam,
so we will not seek honor in anything else."
A man visited Abu Tharrand looked around at his house and said, "O Abu
Tharr, I do not see any belongings or furniture in your house!" He
replied, "We have another house ]i.e., his house in Paradise[ to which
we send our good belongings." He added, "The owner of the house ]i.e.,
Allaah[ will not leave us in this house."
'Amr ibn Al-'Aassaid in a sermon that he delivered in Egypt, "What a
huge difference there is between your way and the guidance of your
Prophet! He was the most ascetic of people in this worldly life while
you are the most inclining of people towards it."
'Alisaid, "I married Faatimah while we had no bedding but the skin of
a ram that we would sleep on at night and place the fodder for the
camel on it during the day. I had no one to serve me but her, and she
would get so exhausted that her forelock would fall on the edge of the
bowl when she kneaded."
When Mu'aath ibn Jabalwas about to die, he said, "O Allaah, You know
that I did not love this worldly life and longevity in it for the sake
of digging rivers or planting trees ]i.e., the sustenance in this
worldly life[. Rather, ]I wanted it[ for the sake of fasting during
the day, performing voluntary prayers at night, and attending the
assemblies of remembering Allaah, despite them being crowded."
Imaam Ahmad ibn Hanbalmentioned that the best person from the
generation that succeeded that of the Companions of the Prophetin
terms of knowledge was Sa'eed ibn Al-Musayyibbut the finest in general
was 'Uways Al-Qarni. 'Uwayswould say, "Take death as a pillow when you
go to sleep and put it before your eyes when you are awake."
Maalik ibn Dinaarsaid, "A person intends to marry the most beautiful
woman in the district, so she says to him. 'I want garments made of
wool', then she takes away his religion."
Many of the righteous predecessors would refuse to take lawful money
that was offered to them and would say, "We will not take it lest it
ruins our religion."
Hammaad ibn Salamahwould open his shop, and if he earned just two
Dirhams, he would close it.
Sa'eed ibn Al-Musayyibwould trade in oil, and after his death he left
four hundred Dinaars, saying, "I left them to protect my honor and
religion."
Sufyaan Ath-Thawrisaid, "Asceticism in this worldly life is to not
have the hope of a long life, rather it is to eat rough food or wear
rough clothes."
Ash-Shaafi'ialso dispraised this worldly life and being attached to it.
Abu Sulaymaan Ad-Daaraaniwould say, "All that distracts you from
Allaah The Almighty, whether family, wealth or children, is a
misfortune."
People Far Better than Us were Deprived of the Pleasures of this Worldly Life
It is enough to know that being ascetic is a part of taking the
Prophetand his companions as examples. This act is perfect reliance
upon Allaah The Almighty and instills contentment in the heart, which
in turn leads to the comfort of this worldly life and the happiness of
the Hereafter. The ascetic person is loved by Allaah The Almighty and
by other people. Therefore, if you have possessions, praise Allaah The
Almighty and do not let your heart be attached to the worldly life.
Likewise, if you are poor, be patient, for people who were better than
you were deprived of the pleasures of this worldly life. Our
Prophetwould sleep on a mat such that its marks appeared on his body,
and he died while there was no provision on the shelf of
'Aa'ishahexcept a handful of barley that she would eat from. If one
were to enter the rooms of his wives, his head would touch the
ceiling. 'Umar ibn Al-Khattaabthe caliph of the Muslims, once
delivered a sermon wearing a garment that had twelve patches.
These people were not deprived of the pleasures of this worldly life
because of their abasement in the sight of Allaah The Almighty, rather
because of the abasement of the worldly life in His sight, which does
not even equal the weight of a wing of a mosquito; and the two
voluntary units of prayer before Fajr prayer are better than this
worldly life and what it contains. In order for one not to despair
over what has eluded him, he should not exult in pride over what
Allaah The Almighty has given him. The believer does not become
disappointed over being disgraced in it nor compete with others over
its glory, as he has his own concern and they have other concerns.
Be the slave of Allaah The Almighty at times of hardship and ease, and
at times of activity and suffering. Whether the worldly life
approaches you or turns away from you, its approaching is refraining
and its turning away is approaching. The basic rule is that it
approaches you with what you dislike, and when it approaches you with
what you like, this is an exception.

The garments of Taqwa: What are you afraid of?

There is a famous story about an emperor. This emperor was cruel and
unjust to his people, so a tailor decided to play a trick on him. He
went to the king and offered to make for him the finest clothes ever.
But instead of making a suit for him, he just pretended to make a
suit, and fooled the emperor into thinking that he was working hard by
taking a long time.
Eventually after a long period of waiting, he gave the emperor a
handful of air and told him that it is the best set of clothes ever
made. In fact, the tailor told him that the clothes are so fine to the
point that the wearer doesn't even feel that he is wearing them.
Blinded by his own arrogance and not wanting to appear dumb in the
eyes of the tailor, the emperor immediately showed happiness with the
'new suit' and ordered a parade to take place in the town so that he
could show his subjects his new appearance. Of course, everyone was
too scared to tell this tyrant that he was actually naked. Instead,
they salute and flatter him—all except for one boy. He was too young
to know of social convention or to have fear of tyranny, thus he
pointed out to the truth and said what others could not dare to
express. Amazingly, this act, at least for that moment, made the fear
change its place. Fear so overwhelmed the emperor he became
astonished, dumb founded. His surprised subjects, on the other hand,
easily slid out of their worries, ridiculed him and laughed so hard at
what he gotten himself into.
While this emperor seemed to have been blinded by his own arrogance,
the reality showed us that he was, in fact, blinded by his own fears;
and his people, whose opinions he feared, were also held back by their
own fears—reality showed his arrogance not to be a sign of strength,
but one of weakness. This situation represents a community paralyzed
out of weakness and fear, all because of an attitude that had gotten
used to the status quo.
This very old story is of particular significance to the time we live
in. We live in a time when there are so many pressures to conform to
the images in the media and the lifestyles of our non-Muslim peers.
Sometimes we are startled to find that we have even started to imitate
the same type of foul language and habits in our own free time. Maybe
we used to worry about being around alcohol when our colleagues
enjoyed it, but have become used to their customs. Maybe we wear tight
or revealing clothes )both men and women( because not doing so would
make one unfashionable. Maybe we find ourselves scared to make a
change in society, against the expectations of the community or even
the world around us. All this comes from a type of fear. A fear to
seek truth even when falsehood prevails and even when it might lead to
difficult answers. I am talking about a fear which prevents us from
asking questions about why people's attitudes are the way they are,
and makes some people desperately feel like we are living in
isolation, even though we have more gadgets that connect us than ever
before. I am talking about a fear to emulate the great scholars and
scientists of Islam's past. These men were pioneers in the worldly and
the intellectual planes—men who loved knowledge for the service of
God. I think we are afraid to strive like them. And there is no reason
to be afraid.
Fear comes from human vulnerability. If I were to place a Quranic
moment, where human vulnerability is first mentioned, it would be in
Chapter 7 verse 20. In this verse, Satan affects Aadam and Eve with a
psychological trick, which makes them feel a need to cover their
bodies with clothes; whereas they had felt no such need before, and
Allaah had not told them to make clothes for themselves. What
happened?
Satan had pledged to attack them )and eventually their progeny(,
Allaah Says on the tongue of the devil )what means(:}Then I will come
to them from before them and from behind them and on their right and
on their left, and You will not find most of them grateful ]to
You[.{]Quran 7:17[—from every angle of observation, in order to find
out what makes us tick and learn how to push our buttons. Satan became
familiar with human weakness and bodily imperfection, and manifested
it to Aadam and Eve. So when we came to this earth, we came in a state
of vulnerability, fully aware of our more carnal desires. This is one
of the bases of our being tested.
And what did Allaah do then? Allaah promised us when we came to earth
of the knowledge of how to make clothing and beautiful adornments, but
He Almighty told us that:}But the clothing of righteousness — that is
best.{]Quran 7:26[ The use of normal clothes by human beings serves to
cover their nakedness and vulnerability to others. But what is the
clothing of righteousness with respect to our relationship to God?
Righteousness is the means by which we surpass that fear of others'
physical nakedness; it is similar to the 'nakedness' we feel when we
are in danger of being seen. Righteousness, therefore, brings us from
Dunya-consciousness to God-consciousness. Righteousness is about
caring for and embracing the ever-seeing and ever-nurturing vision of
God. But in another dimension, righteousness is a kind of fear
itself... because Allaah made us into creatures who become happy, sad,
and fearful, so righteousness, in this sense, is a means and an end,
of and for, the human faculty of fear. Our fear should not be wasted
solely on roller-coasters, scary movies, or other people's opinions
and actions. Our faculty of fear is for Ibadah )worship(, which will
transform our fear into something much higher and more suited towards
our lofty purpose—the Amanah )trust( that God has placed on the human
being.
Allaah mentioned this when Satan tried to deceive us )our parents,
actually( and lead us )them( astray. Also, it is helpless to try to
defeat him on our own; Allaah Says )what means(:}Indeed, he sees you,
he and his tribe, from where you do not see them.{]Quran 7:27[ So we
come under psychological attack that will play on all of our
subconscious desires and potentials )this is a huge realm of modern
psychology—the study of the subconscious(. Consider what goes on today
all around us. We are bombarded by millions of messages that tell us
to manifest our hidden desires through infinite means, which vary from
"scandalously sexy" people to "sinfully indulgent" chocolate. The sad
thing, however, is that people, since the time of Freud, have
succumbed to this on a widely popular scale. A quick look at how
people appreciate their existence and what they think of the purpose
of life reveals the reality that many do not admit the need to
religion or accept its existence because, to them, people are animals
who seek out wealth, power and sexual gratification. It is true that a
good portion of this may he attributed to the fact that people have
rejected God and His message, but a larger portion is definitely due
to their denial of the Garments of Taqwa )righteousness(—thus all they
are left with is human nakedness and human imperfection.
Allaah tells us that the devil has such deep psychological insight
into us, and he is always trying to deceive us all the time, and that,
indeed, is the constant companion to those who choose to let
themselves be led away from Allaah: Allaah Says )what means(:}Indeed,
We have made the devils allies to those who do not believe.{]Quran
7:27[ When we carelessly )or aimlessly( walk around in a culture which
does not see and seek the Garments of Taqwa and which does not shield
itself from its own desires and weaknesses, we are in fact setting
ourselves up for failure because we are, as such, walking targets and
easy prey for the devil. Immersing ourselves in this sort of
environment and literally trying to make it on our own, while
surrounded by material delights, materialistic visions and diminishing
spiritual perceptions, we are actually facing the danger of deceiving
ourselves into disbelief in the Unseen. We have to be careful because
thinking that certain improper behavior can benefit us and knowingly
seeking the company of those whose hearts are dead, are sure signs
which indicate that we may have already crossed the limit. Those who
are at that point, are in fact living in fear of this Dunya )worldly
life(. Simply, they are busy trying to stitch useless fig leaves
together for themselves, but are settling on second best—they have
lost the Garments of Righteousness.
If we soul-search and look into what it is that we fear the most, we
will find a similar collection of items: money, job, public opinion,
etc. There is nothing wrong with any of these things as long as we
establish a hierarchy with Taqwa of Allaah at the top and as a guiding
light. Even if we do not really understand this at the moment, or at
any moment, it is of vital importance to clearly
recognize—intellectually and—practically this hierarchy. When we do,
we will see a real result in our attitudes. If we do it often, it
could become a reoccurring remembrance of Allaah, which in turn,
becomes a chance for us to put Allaah before harmful action—because
this hierarchy will come to mind. If we repeat it often, we will find
it easier to realize our weaknesses as human beings, to believe in
ourselves and in our noble human dignity. Doing it often will
guarantee a covering shield and a protection, which Allaah has
designated for the believers and desired for them to seek from Him and
have it.
Eventually, this will turn into a solid character that will help us
increase our Taqwa, which once we do, will help us naturally
recognize, read and maintain Allaah's boundaries. Thus secure peace
and happiness. Not only in this world, but also, and more importantly,
when we reach the life-to-come. There, we will find that our Garments
of Taqwa in this earth have become for us, in Jannah )Paradise(, the
basis of the fine silk, gold and pearls of everlasting eternity which
Allaah, the Most Mighty and Magnificent, will swathe us in.
It was only the innocent child who pointed out to the tyrant emperor's
folly because of his connection to his Fitrah outside of the realm of
human convention, which the Prophethad told us that it distorts our
true selves. Let us step down from our thrones of heedlessness and
delusion, embrace this purity, the Fitrah, which God has put within
us, and cherish it until we die and rise up again.