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Friday, July 12, 2013

Despite obstacles, Islam continues to spread

Since the advent of Islam,as the final and all-compassing Message to
mankind up to the moment, its adversaries left no opportunity to
thwart it and curb its followers. Right from dayone, they did their
level best to kill it in the bud using different ways.
Due to the fact that this new religion holds all people equal in terms
of rights, duties, human value, etc, regardless of their ethnic,
social or economic backgrounds, the rich and leading figures in
Makkah, fearing lest they would lose their prestige and wealth, stood
adamantly in the face of the then nascent Message. They tried to put
different kinds of obstacles to hinder the spread of Islam, in
feverish attempts to maintain their positions and prevent any sort of
threatto their interests.
In their war against Islam, they tried many kinds of weapons: bodily
torture, economic sanctions, false propaganda, and financial
seduction, noneof which was of any fruit.
With the Help of Allaah, the Most Exalted, then thewill, patience and
perseverance of Prophet Muhammadand his faithful companionsIslam could
successfully pass all those hard tests. It survived all the hardships
and expanded its span to include not only theArabian Peninsula, rather
spacious lands outside it.
By the tenth century, Islam became the main religion, or at least, the
religion of the majority of nations in an area covering more than half
of the civilized world stretching over three continents from the
Pyrenees and Siberia in West and North Europe tothe farthest end of
Asia, up to China and New Guinea in the East; from Morocco in North
Africa to the southern tip of Africa, covering two-thirds of the
African continent.
It is one of the most striking facts of human history that the spread
ofIslam over such a vast area took place within three centuries. Most
striking of all, within halfa century after the Hijrah)Prophet
Muhammad'sMigration from Makkah to Al-Madeenah(, Islam had already
conquered the whole of North Africafrom Egypt to Morocco, all the
Middle Eastern lands from Yemen to Caucasia and from Egypt to the
lands beyond Transoxiana )portion of Central Asia corresponding
approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan and southwest Kazakhstan(.
What makes Islam spread?
There are many reasons why nations have been, from past to the
present, so ready to embrace Islam, what is pointed out by Muhammad
Asad, a Jewish convert to Islam,probably being the foremost:
"Islam appears to me like a perfect work of architecture. All its
parts are harmoniously conceived to complementand support each other,
nothing lacking, with theresult of an absolute balance and solid
composure. Everything inthe teaching and postulate of Islam is in its
proper place." ]Islam at the Crossroads, p.5[
Most of Western writers, especially those under the influence of the
Church, have never failedto accuse Islam of spreading by the sword.
The causes of this prejudice lie mainly in the fact that the spread of
Islam has often occurred at the expense of Christianity. While Islam
has, for centuries, obtained numerous conversions from Christianity
without much effort or organizedmissionary activities, Christianity
has almost never been able to achieve conversions fromIslam in spite
of sophisticated means and well-organized missionary activities, and
it has always been at a disadvantage in its competition with Islam for
fourteen centuries.
This has caused its missionaries and most of the orientalists to
develop a complex within themselves by depicting Islam and introducing
it as a regressive, vulgar religion of savage people.
If history is to be read with an objective eye, such allegations will
easily be debunked.
In addition to many other reasons which are responsible for the spread
of Islam, it is the exemplary life-style and unceasing efforts of
individual Muslims to transmit the message of Islam throughout the
world which lie at the root of the conquest of the hearts by Islam.
Islamic universalism is closely associated with the principle of
'enjoining the good' for Islam is to be spread by Muslims by means of
this principle. This principle seeks to convey the message of Islam to
all human beings in the world and to establish a model Islamic
communityon a world-wide basis.
Among every four humans in the world, oneof them is Muslim. Muslims
have increased by over 235% in the last fifty years up to nearly 1.6
billion. By comparison, Christians have increased by only 47 %...
Islam is the secondlargest religious group inFrance,Great
BritainandUSA.
The following statistics show the growth of Islamin the world from)1989-1998(:
North America:)25%(
Africa:)2.15%(
Asia:)12.57%(
Europe:)142.35%(
LatinAmerica:)4.73%(
Australia:)257.01%(
Western fierce media campaign against Islam and Muslims escalated
after the 11thof September attacks. Biased media, especially in
theUSA, rushed into a feverish contest to depictIslam as a religion
based on savagery, intolerance and blood-thirst.
Not only in the media were Muslims harassed intheUnited States of
America,Britain,Australia, and other European countries; rather, they
were physically attacked at their homes, in the streets, in public
places, and in their Mosques, Islamic centers, etc. The same attitude
was, unfortunately, maintained toward the Noble Prophet of Islamand
the Noble Quran.
Islamophobia reached its peak when a Danish newspaper published
heinous caricatures picturing the Prophetas a terrorist. The noble
Quran was also desecrated in theUSand some other countries, which
indicates the deep hatred towards Islam andMuslims.
There have been many rigid regulations and extremist procedures
enacted against Muslims in theUSand some European countries, on the
pretext of their "war on terror". Many Muslim students were banned
from completing their studies, many families expatriated, Islamic
activities limited or stopped, Muslim men andwomen subjected to
sophisticated checking and screening procedures in airports, women
with hijab and men with beards mockedor harassed, etc. In brief, a
Muslim has become for them a word synonymous to "suspect".
Nonetheless, even after the events of September, a wave of new Muslims
embraced Islam all over the world. In theUSAalone, more than 30000
persons embraced Islam.
By the year 2020, Islam is projected to be the largest religion in the world.
To sum up, in spite of all the feverish attempts on the part of the
adversaries of Islam, old and new, Islam is still sweeping the globe
easily and peacefully, thus conquering and illuminating the minds and
hearts, no matter how hard and intricate their conspiracies are.
Allaah, the Most Glorious, Says in the Quran )what means(:"It is He
)Allaah( Who has sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of
truth to manifest it over all religion, although they who associate
others with Allaah dislike it."]Quran 9: 33[

Sultan Ath-Thaahir Baybars

Al-Malik Ath-Thaahir Rukn Ad-Deen Baybars Al-Bunduqdari, was the most
eminent of the Mamluk Sultans of Egypt andSyria, which he ruled from
1260 to 1277 CE. He is renowned both for his military campaigns
against the Mongols and Crusaders, and for his internal administrative
reforms.
Baybars was born in the country of the Kipchak Turks on the northern
shores of theBlack Sea. After the Mongol invasion of theircountry
around the year 1242 CE, Baybars, along with many of other Kipchak
Turks, was sold into slavery. Turkish-speaking slaves, who had become
the military backbone of most Islamic states, were highly prized, and
eventually, Baybars came into the possession of Sultan As-Saalih Najm
Ad-Deen Ayyuub of the Ayyuubid dynasty ofEgypt. Baybars was sent for
military training to an island in theNile, like all the Sultan's newly
acquired slaves, and demonstrated outstanding military abilities. Upon
his graduation, he was granted freedom and appointed commander of a
group of the Sultan's bodyguards.
Baybars gained his first major military victory as commander of the
Ayyuubid army at the city of al-Mansoorah in February 1250 CE against
the Crusaders' army led by Louis IX of France, who was captured and
later released for a large ransom. Filled with a sense of pride at
their military strength and growing importance inEgypt, a group of
Mamluk officers in the same year murdered the newSultan, Turan Shaah.
The death ofthe last Ayyuubid Sultan was followed by a period of
confusionthat continued throughout the first years of the Mamluk
Sultanate.
Having angered the first Mamluk Sultan, Aybak, Baybars fled with other
Mamluk leaders toSyriaandstayed there until 1260 CE, when they were
welcomed back toEgyptby the third Sultan, al-Mudhaffar Sayf Ad-Deen
Qutuz. He restored them to their place inthe army and conferred a
village upon Baybars.
OnSeptember 3, 1260CE within a few months of Baybars' arrival, he
distinguished himself as the leader of the vanguard of the Muslim army
against the Tartars)Mongols( in a furious battle at 'Ayn Jaloot )the
Pool of Goliath( nearJerusalem. Though the Tartars fought well, they
were nomatch for the Muslims, who werefar more in number and were able
to conceal their numbers until the last devastating moment. The
Tartars were pursued beyondAleppoand swept out ofSyria.
For his military achievement, Baybars expected to be rewardedwith the
town ofAleppo; but Sultan Qutuz disappointed him. After the
assassination of Sultan Qutuz, Baybars seized the throne to become the
fourth Mamluk Sultan.
Baybars' ambition was to emulate the Muslim hero Salahuddeen
)Saladin(, the founder of the Ayyuubid dynasty in the Jihaad against
the Crusaders inSyria. As soon as he was acknowledged as Sultan,
Baybars set about consolidating and strengthening his military
position. He rebuilt all the Syrian citadels and fortresses that had
been destroyed by the Mongols and built new arsenals, warships,and
cargo vessels. To achieve unity of command against the Crusaders,
Baybars united MuslimSyria andEgyptinto a single state.He seized three
important towns from the Ayyuubid princes, thus ending their rule
inSyria. From 1265 to 1271 CE, Baybars conducted almost annual raids
against the Crusaders. In 1265 CE, he received the surrender of Arsuf
from the Knights Hospitalers )a Christian military group(. He occupied
Atlit andHaifa, and in July 1266 CE he received the town ofSafedfrom
the Knights Templar )another Christian military group( garrison after
a heavy siege. Two years later, Baybars turned towardJaffa, which he
captured without resistance. The most important town taken by Baybars
wasAntioch)May, 1268 CE(. His seizureof additional strongholds in1271
CE sealed the Crusaders' fate; theywere never able to recover from
their territorial losses. Baybars' campaigns made possible the final
victories won by his successors.
Baybars' permanent goal was to contain the continued Mongol attacks
onSyriafrom the north and east that threatened the veryheart of the
Islamic East. During the 17 years of his reign, he engaged the Mongols
of Persia in nine battles. WithinSyria, Baybars dealt with the
Assassins, a deviant sect that attributes itself falsely to Islam.
After seizing their major strongholds between 1271 and 1273 CE, he
wiped out the Syrian members ofthe group.
Baybars also took the offensive against the Christian Armenians who
were allies of the Mongols, devastating their lands and plundering
their major cities. In 1276 CE, having defeated the Seljuq troops and
their Mongol allies, he personally
seizedCaesarea)modernKayseriinTurkey( inCappadocia. To secureEgypton
the south and west, Baybars sent military expeditions
intoNubiaandLibya, taking personal command in 15 campaigns and often
endangering his life.
In the interest of good diplomatic relations with theByzantine Empire,
Baybars sent envoys to the court of Michael VIII Palaeologus
inConstantinople. The Byzantine sovereign thereupon ordered the
restoration of the ancient mosque and permitted Egyptian merchants and
ambassadors to sail through theHellespontandBosporus, a body of water,
which connectsEuropeandAsia. One of Baybars' principal goals during
his reign was to acquire more Turkish slaves to be used inthe Mamluk
army; another was tocontract an alliance with the Mongols of the
Golden Horde inSouth Russiaagainst the Mongolsof Persia. In 1261 CE
Baybars sent an ambassador to the Sicilian king Manfred. Other
emissaries toItalyfollowed, and in 1264 CE Charles ofAnjou, later king
ofNaplesandSicily, sent an emissary with letters and gifts toCairo, a
remarkable testimony to Baybars' strength and influence. Baybars was
also able to sign commercial treaties with such distant sovereigns as
James I of Aragon and Alfonso X of León andCastile.
In a brilliant political move, Baybars invited a fugitive descendant
of the Abbaasid dynasty ofBaghdadtoCairoand established him as Caliph
—head of the Muslim community — in 1261 CE. Baybars wished to
legitimize his Sultanate and to give pre-eminence to his rule in the
Muslim world. However, the Abbaasid caliphs inCairohad no practical
power in the Mamluk state.
Baybars was more than a militaryleader or a diplomatic politician. He
built canals, improved harbors, and established a regular and fast
postal service betweenCairoandDamascus, one that required only four
days. He built the great mosque and the school bearing his name
inCairo. He was also the first ruler inEgyptto appoint chief justices
representing the four main schools of Islamic law.
A sportsman as well as a warrior,Baybars was fond of hunting, polo,
jousting, and archery. He was also a practicing Muslim, a generous
almsgiver, and watchful of the morals of his subjects—he issued a
prohibitionagainst the use of wine in 1271 CE.
He died inDamascusafter drinking a cup of poison intendedfor someone
else and was buried inDamascusunder the dome of the present
ath-Thaahiriyah Library, which he had established.

The plight of the People of Hell

Hell has various levels and degrees of torment. In some of them, the
torment and horror is greater than the others. The people who are to
be doomed to enter Hell will be given different levels of punishment
according to the deeds they used to do during their worldly life. The
worse one's deeds were in the worldly life the lowest one's levelwill
be in the Hellfire and the harder one's torment will be.
Ibn Rajabsaid: "Know that the different levels of punishment suffered
by the people of Hell will be according to the levels of their deeds
for which they entered Hell."
He then quoted the evidence for that, such as the words of Ibn
'Abbaas: "The punishment ofthose who were extreme in their disbelief
and spread corruption on earth, calling others to disbelief, will not
be like the punishment of those who did notdo such things."
Then Ibn Rajab said: "Similarly, the punishments of the monotheists in
Hell will be at different levels, according to theirdeeds. The
punishment of those who were guilty of major sins will not be like
that of those whowere guilty of minor sins. The punishment may be
reduced for some of them because of other good deeds, or for whatever
reason Allaah wills..."]At-Takhweef min An-Naar, P.181[
Prophet Muhammad sallaallaahu alayhi wa sallam said concerning the
people of Hell:"There are some whom the Fire will take up to their
ankles, others up to theirknees, others up to their waists, and yet
others up to their collarbones."]Muslim[
In the long narration of Israa')the miraculous Ascension of the
Prophetto heavens(, the Prophetwas reported to haveseen different
scenes of the Hell-dwellers. Among them were:
1- People who used to unjustly eat up the property of the orphans.
They have flews similar to those of camels, swallowing red-hot stones
and then issuing out of their backs.
2- Adulterers offered tasty fatty meat and rotten smelly one but they
make option for the latter. The licentious women were also there
hanging from their breasts.
3- People whose heads were being shattered, then every time they would
return to their original state and be shattered again without delay.
Hesaid:"O Jibreel, who are these people?"He replied: "These are the
people whose heads were too heavy )on their pillows( to get up and
fulfill the prescribed prayers."
4- People who wore loincloths on the fronts and on their backs. They
were roaming the way camels and sheep roam about. They were eating
thistles and Zaqqoom)the fruit of the tree that grows in hell( and
white-hot coals and stones of Fire. Heasked:"Who are these, O
Jibreel?"He replied:"These are the ones who did not pay
Zakaat)obligatory charity( from what they possessed, whereas Allaah
never kept anything from them."
5- People who had in front of them excellent meat disposed in pots and
putrid, foul meat, and they would eat from the foul meat and not touch
the good meat. Hesaid:"What is this, O Jibreel?"He replied: "These are
the men from your Nation who had an excellent, lawful wife at home and
who would goand see a foul woman and spend the night withher )i.e.
have illicit relation(; and the womenwho would leave her excellent,
lawful husbandto go and see a foul man and spend the night withhim."
6- A man swimming in a river of blood and he wasbeing struck in his
mouthwith rocks which he thenswallowed. The Prophetasked:"What is
this, O Jibreel?"He replied: "This is what happens to those who eat
usury."
7- A man who had gathered a stack of woodwhich he could not carry,yet
he was adding more wood to it. Hesaid:"What is this, O Jibreel?"He
replied: "This is a man from your Nation who gets people's trusts
whenhe cannot fulfill them, yethe insists on carrying them."
8- People whose tongues and lips were being sliced with knives. Every
time they were sliced they would return to their original state to be
sliced again without respite. Hesaid:"Who are these, O Jibreel?"He
replied: "These are the preachers from among your Nation who used to
advise others to do what they themselves don't do…"
9- People who had copper nails with which they scratched their own
faces and chests. Heasked:"Who are these, O Jibreel?"He replied:
"These are the ones who ate the flesh of people )i.e., by backbiting(
and tarnished their reputations."]Al-Bukhaari & Muslim[

Dought & clear - Commentary on thehadeeth, “A woman may be married for four things…”.

I have read your Article on ( Rulings on Marriage ) I particularly
did not understand the following phrase. The Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: (Womenmay be married for
fourthings: wealth, beauty, lineage or religious commitment)
Does this mean the woman has to be wealthy, beautiful, comefrom a good
ancestral family and be religiouslycommitted? The final one on
religious commitment is very clearto me and I too firmly believe in
it; but the others arent. Please clarify. .
Praise be to Allaah.
This hadeeth was narrated by al-Bukhaari (4802) and Muslim (1466) from
Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) from the Prophet(peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) who said: "A woman may be married
for four things: her wealth, her lineage, her beauty and her
religiouscommitment. Seek the one who is religiously-committed, may
your hands be rubbed with dust (i.e., may you prosper)."
There is nothing in this hadeeth to suggest that it is enjoined or
encouraged to marry a woman for her beauty, lineage or wealth. Rather
what it means is that these are things that people look for in
marriage. Some look for a wife who is beautiful, some look for a wife
who is descended from anoble family, some look for a wealthy wife, and
some look for a wife who is religiously-committed – and this lastis
what the Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) encouraged
when he said: "Seek the one who is religiously-committed,may your
hands be rubbed with dust (i.e., may you prosper)."
Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said inSharh Muslim:
The correct view concerning the meaningof this hadeeth is that the
Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) spoke of what
people usually do, for they seek these four characteristics, the last
of which in their view is religious commitment, but you who are
seekingto follow the right way should seek the one whois religiously
committed. This is not a command todo so… This hadeeth encourages us
to seek the company of religiously-committed people in all things,
because the one who keeps company with them will benefit from their
good attitude and good ways, and will be safe from any bad influence
from them.
Al-Mubaarakfoori said inTuhfat al-Ahwadhi:
Al-Qaadi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:It is the people's custom
to seek certain characteristics in womenand to choose a wife for a
certain quality. It befitsthose who are religiously-committed tobase
their actions on religious guidance, especially with regard tomatters
that are serious and have lasting effects.
The scholars differed greatly as to the meaning of the words, "May
your hands be rubbed with dust." Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on
him) said inSharh Saheeh Muslim:
The most correct view is that of the muhaqqiqeen, that this is a
phrase which originally 'May you become poor', but the Arabs
customarily used itin a sense other than its original meaning, so they
would say things such as, 'May your hands be rubbed in the dust,' 'May
Allaah kill him, howbrave he is!', 'May he have no mother,' 'May you
have no father,' 'May his mother be bereft of him,' 'Woe to his
mother,' and so on which they would say in the context of denouncing,
rebuking, criticizing, expressing outrage encouraging an action, or
expressing admiration, and so on.
And Allaah knows best.