Issues of fasting, Dought & clear, - * Did the Sahaabah (may Allah be pleased with them) fast on the day of Badr?

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did the sahabas at the time of the battle of Badr fast the holy month of Ramadan?
when was ramadan made as an obligation to fast?
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Praise be to Allah
Firstly:
Fasting the month of Ramadan was made obligatory in 2 AH, and the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) fasted nine Ramadans.
See fatwa no. 37649
Secondly:
The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) used to instruct his companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to break their fast when they drew close to their enemy, so that they would have more strength to fight. Breaking the fast when meeting the enemy in battle is one of the means of strength.
Muslim (1120) narrated that Abu Sa‘eed al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We travelled with the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) to Makkah when we were fasting. We made a stop, and the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “You have drawn near to your enemy, and breaking the fast will make you stronger.” This was a concession, so some of us fasted and some did not. Then we made another stop and he said: “In the morning, you are going to meet your enemy. And breaking the fast will make you stronger, so break the fast.” He emphasized it (the second time), so we broke the fast..
At-Tirmidhi (714) and Ahmad (140) narrated via Ibn Luhay‘ah, from Yazeed ibn Abi Habeeb, from Ma‘mar ibn Abi Habeebah, from Ibn al-Musayyab, that he asked him about fasting when travelling, and he narrated that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab said: We went out on two campaigns with the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) in Ramadan, the day of Badr and the conquest (of Makkah), and we broke the fast during both.
It was classed as da‘eef by al-Albaani inDa‘eef at-Tirmidhi.
But its isnaad was classed as jayyid by al-Haafiz Ibn Katheer (may Allah have mercy on him) inMusnad al-Faarooq(1/279). The commentators onal-Musnadsaid:
It is a qawiy hadith. ‘Abdullah ibn Luhay‘ah had a poor memory, but it was narrated from him by Qutaybah ibn Sa‘eed. And the narration of Qutaybah from him is good and valid. Sa‘eed ibn al-Musayyab heard from ‘Umar, and according to the view of those who say that he did not hear from him, his mursal reports are still saheeh. Abu Taalib said: I said to Ahmad ibn Hanbal: Do reports of Sa‘eed from ‘Umar count as proof? He said: In our view they count as proof; he saw ‘Umar and heard from him. If Sa‘eed did not accept reports from ‘Umar than who would accept them?
Similarly, it was classed as hasan by al-Mullah ‘Ali al-Qaari inSharh Musnad Abu Haneefah(1/399)
Al-Haafiz Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali (may Allah have mercy on him) stated that definitively and said: Ramadan was made obligatory for the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) in 2 AH, which was the first Ramadan that he fasted, and the Muslims fasted it with him. Then the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) went out in pursuit of a caravan of Quraysh that had come from Syria heading towards Madinah, on the Saturday 12thof Ramadan, and he broke his fast on his way to meet it. Ibn al-Musayyab said : ‘Umar said: We went out on two campaigns with the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) in Ramadan, the day of Badr and the conquest (of Makkah), and we broke the fast during both. End quote.
Lataa’if al-Ma‘aarif(p. 177)
What is more likely to be the case is that the Sahaabah (may Allah be pleased with them) broke the fast when they set out to meet the enemy on the day of Badr, because that would be of greater help to them in their jihad against their enemy.
See also question no. 12641
Fourthly:
What is prescribed with regard to qiyaam al-layl (voluntary prayers at night) – during Ramadan and otherwise – is to offer them two rak‘ahs by two, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “The night prayers are two (rak‘ahs) by two.”
Narrated by al-Bukhaari (993) and Muslim (749).
The majority of scholars are of the view that it is permissible to pray qiyaam al-layl four rak‘ahs by four.
It is not prescribed to pray qiyaam with three rak‘ahs, except at the end, when one may pray three consecutive rak‘ahs, saying the tashahhud at the end, then say the tasleem.
If a person gets up for a third rak‘ah by mistake when praying Taraweeh, he should sit back down, recite the tashahhud and tasleem, then do the two prostrations of forgetfulness (sujood as-sahw), then say the tasleem again.
If he gets up for a third rak‘ah by mistake and completes it, then he should make it even-numbered by adding a fourth rak‘ah. Doing this was regarded as permissible by some of the fuqaha’. Whoever follows this view and thinks that it is valid, or follows a scholar who says that, then his prayer is valid.
And Allah knows best.











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Issues of fasting, Dought & clear, - * Are saline solutions, vitamin injections and intravenous injections regarded as breaking the fast?

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I want to know the correct opinion concerning saline solutions, vitamin injections, intravenous injections, and anal suppositories. Do they break the fast or not?
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Praise be to Allah
Firstly:
Everything that constitutes food or drink, or comes under the heading of food or drink, is among the things that break the fast.
The scholars of the Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas said:
The things that spoil the fast are many, including eating or drinking deliberately. Included under the heading of food and drink is everything that enters the stomach of food or water, which includes that which enters the stomach via the nose (naso-gastric tube), and it also includes nutrients administered via a drip.
End quote fromFataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah(9/178)
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The things that break the fast are: food and drink, no matter what type of food or drink they are. Also included under the heading of food and drink are injections, that is needles that contain nutrients for the body or that give energy as food does. These things break the fast….
End quote fromMajmoo‘ Fataawa wa Rasaa’il al-‘Uthaymeen(19/21)
He also said:
The scholars included with things that break the fast anything that comes under the heading of food and drink, such as nutritional injections. These nutrients are not what gives energy to the body or heals it; rather nutritional injections are those that take the place of food and drink. Based on that, all injections that do not take the place of food and drink do not break the fast, whether they are given into a vein, or into the thigh, or any other place.
End quote fromMajmoo‘ Fataawa wa Rasaa’il al-‘Uthaymeen(19/199)
Secondly:
Saline solutions that are given to some patients intravenously do invalidate the fast, because they come under the heading of nutrients, as they contain salts and fluids that enter the stomach and benefit the body.
Thirdly:
With regard to vitamin injections and intravenous injections:
If they are only taken to energise the body, relieve or reduce pain, or lower the temperature, and they do not contain any nutrients, then they do not break the fast.
But if they contain nutrients, then they do break the fast, because they are taking the place of food and drink, so they come under the same ruling.
The scholars of the Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas said:
It is permissible to give medicine by means of intramuscular or intravenous injections for one who is fasting during the day in Ramadan, but it is not permissible for one who is fasting to be given a nutritional injection during the day in Ramadan, because that comes under the same ruling as consuming food or drink, so taking these injections is regarded as a kind of loophole in Ramadan. If it is possible to give the intramuscular or intravenous injection at night, that is preferable.
End quote fromFataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah(10/252)
Fourthly:
Anal suppositories do not break the fast, because they are only taken for medicinal purposes, and they do not come under the heading of food or drink.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
There is nothing wrong with the fasting person using suppositories that are inserted into the anus, if he is sick, because this is not food or drink and does not come under the heading of food or drink. The Lawgiver has only forbidden us to eat or drink, so whatever takes the place of food or drink comes under the same ruling as food or drink. But whatever is not like that does not come under the heading of food or drink in any sense, therefore the ruling on food and drink does not apply to it.
And Allah knows best.









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Issues of fasting, Dought & clear, - * Does artificial insemination invalidate the fast?

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I have been married for eight years and have not had any children. I want to have artificial insemination, but because of my circumstances I will be doing the procedure to implant embryos during the day in Ramadan. Does this invalidate the fast? Do I have to offer expiation for that day or not?
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Praise be to Allah
What is meant by artificial insemination is fertilising the woman’s egg with the sperm of the man, without having intercourse.
Artificial insemination may be done internally or externally.
In the case of internal insemination, the semen is taken from the man to be injected into the appropriate place inside the wife’s uterus, so that the sperm will meet the egg naturally and fertilisation between them will occur.
The sperm is injected inside the wife’s uterus via a thin tube that transfers the sperm to the cervix (neck of the womb).
External fertilisation (test-tube babies) is done by taking the semen from the man and the egg from the woman’s ovary, then they are placed in a test tube, under specific physiological conditions so that fertilisation between them may occur, then the fertilised egg is transferred to the wife’s uterus so that it may attach to the wall of the uterus and grow like any other foetus.
We have previously explained the ruling on artificial insemination in a number of fatwas. Please see the answer to question no. 3474.
In order to understand the effect that this procedure has on the fast, we must explain a number of rulings:
1.
Taking semen from the man by means of masturbation: if this is done during the day in Ramadan, then this is one of the things that break the fast, according to the majority of scholars.
Therefore the man must avoid this during the day in Ramadan.
See the answer to question no. 222234.
2.
Taking the woman’s eggs in the case of external fertilisation is not regarded as breaking the fast, because this is usually done by means of a laparoscope (i.e., through an incision in the abdomen) or through the vagina, as a fine needle connected to the equipment is inserted through incisions made at the umbilicus and the lower abdomen, and the fluid containing the eggs is extracted, or it is done using ultrasound.
Neither of these methods is regarded as breaking the fast.
3.
Insertion of the man’s semen into the woman’s vagina by means of a tube is also not regarded as breaking the fast, because this fertilisation procedure does not come under the heading of food and drink, neither in a real sense nor by any resemblance, and it is not akin to eating or drinking in any sense at all.
Modern medicine has proven that the woman’s vagina is not connected to the digestive system at all, so anything that enters the woman’s vagina cannot be regarded as breaking the fast.
Al-Bahooti said: Rather her fast is broken if a man’s penis penetrating her vagina, because that is intercourse, and intercourse breaks the fast because it is likely to lead to ejaculation.
End quote fromSharh Muntaha al-Iraadaat(2/364)
This is what the Islamic Fiqh Council based its view on when it stated that anything that enters the vagina is not regarded as breaking the fast. In their statement it says: The following things are not regarded as breaking the fast:
· Anything that enters the vagina, such as a pessary, douche, scope or fingers for a medical exam.
· Insertion of a scope, IUD (“coil”) and the like into the uterus.
· Anything that enters the urethra of the male or female, such as a catheter, scope, opaque dye for certain types of diagnostic imaging, medication or a solution to wash the bladder.
End quote fromQaraaraat Majma‘ al-Fiqh al-Islami(p. 312)
Insertion of semen via this method is not regarded as intercourse; hence an-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If she inserts semen via her vagina or rear passage, she is not required to do ghusl.
End quote fromRawdat at-Taalibeen(1/85)
An-Nafraawi said: The woman does not have to do ghusl if semen enters her vagina without her maniy also being emitted.
End quote fromal-Fawaakih al-Dawaanah(1/117)
See also the answer to question no. 141858
Based on that, artificial insemination procedures, whether they are done inside or outside the body, and implanting embryos in the uterus, do not spoil the woman’s fast.
But it is better for the woman to avoid doing that during Ramadan if possible, so as to guard her fast and avoid any areas of doubt.
And Allah knows best.







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