Making Up Missed Prayers, - Dought & clear, - * How can he make up for missed prayers?

Share

How can he make up for missed prayers?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
Allaah has allocated specific times for acts of worship for reasons that are known to Him. We know some of them, but some of them are hidden from us. Whatever the case, we are enjoined to adhere to them and it is not permissible to transgress against that except for reasons permitted in sharee’ah.
If a person misses the prayer, one of two scenarios must apply:
1 –
He missed it for a reason, such as falling asleep or forgetting it. There is no sin on him in this case, but he has to make it up when he wakes up or remembers it.
It was narrated from Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever forgets a prayer, let him offer it as soon as he remembers, for there is no expiation for it other than that.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (572) and Muslim (684); Muslim narrated an additional phrase: “or sleeps and misses it”.
Muslim also narrated (684): “If one of you sleeps and misses a prayer, or forgets it, let him offer the prayer when he remembers, for Allaah says ‘and performAs‑Salaah(Iqaamat‑as‑Salaah)for My remembrance’ [Ta-Ha 20:14].”
2 –
He missed the prayer with no excuse; rather he ignored it until the time for it ended, out of laziness and carelessness. This person is sinning according to the consensus of the Muslims, and has committed a major sin.
It is not valid for him to make it up according to the more correct of the two scholarly opinions, rather he has to repent and regret it, and resolve not to do that again, and he should do a lot of good deeds and offer a lot of voluntary prayers.
Ibn Hazm said:
As for the one who deliberately omits to pray until the time for the prayer ends, he can never make it up, so he should do a lot of good deeds and offer a lot of voluntary prayers, so that his balance (of good deeds) will weigh heavily on the Day of Resurrection, and he should repent and ask Allaah for forgiveness. End quote.
Al-Muhalla(2/235).
This is also the view of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab and his son ‘Abd-Allaah, and of Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqaas, Salmaan, Ibn Mas’ood, al-Qaasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, Badeel al-‘Aqeeli, Muhammad ibn Sireen, Mutarrif ibn ‘Abd-Allaah and ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azeez. It was also the view of Dawood al-Zaahiri and Ibn Hazm, and was the view favoured by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah and al-Shawkaani. Among contemporary scholars it was regarded as more correct by al-Albaani, Ibn Baaz, Ibn ‘Uthaymeen and others.
They quoted as evidence the following:
(i)
The words of Allaah (interpretation of the meaning):
“Verily, As‑Salaah (the prayer) is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours”
[al-Nisa’ 4:103]
They said: There is a set time for prayer and it is not permissible to do it at any other time except with evidence.
(ii)
The words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Whoever forgets a prayer, let him offer it as soon as he remembers, for there is no expiation for it other than that.”
The words “let him offer it as soon as he remembers, for there is no expiation for it other than that” mean: If he is slow in offering the prayer after he remembers it, then it is not an expiation, so how about the one who neglects it deliberately without forgetting or sleeping? It is even more likely that it will not be an expiation in that case, and making it up will be of no benefit.
(iii)
Because Allaah has allocated a specific time for each obligatory prayer, specifying the beginning and end thereof, so it is as if it is not valid to do it before that time just as it is not valid to do it afterwards.
Al-Muhalla(2/235).
(iv)
Ibn Hazm said:
Also, making it up should be based on evidence, and it is not permissible for anything to be prescribed other than by Allaah on the lips of His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). We ask those who say that the one who deliberately omits the prayer is obliged to make it up to tell us about this prayer that you are telling him to do – is it the prayer that was enjoined by Allaah or some other prayer? If they say it is the one that was enjoined by Allaah, then we say to them: Then the one who deliberately omits it is not a sinner, because he has done what Allaah commanded him to do and there is no sin according to what you say, and there is no blame on the one who deliberately omits to pray until the time for it ends. But that is something that no Muslim can say. If they say that it is not the prayer that Allaah has enjoined him to do, then we say: You are right, and that is enough, because they have admitted that they told him to do something that was not enjoined by Allaah. End quote.
Al-Muhalla(2/236).
Those who say that he has to make it up did so by analogy with the one who forgets or falls asleep, and they said that if the one who forgets has to make it up, then it is more likely that the one who deliberately omitted it should do so.
My response is that there is no comparison between the two scenarios, because the one who omits it deliberately is sinning, which is not true in the case of the one who forgets, so how can an analogy be drawn between the one who is sinning and the one who is not sinning?
Al-Shawkaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
Ibn Taymiyah said: Those who disagree – i.e., those who say that he should make up the prayer – do not have any proof to support their argument. Most of them say that he does not have to make it up unless there is a clear command (based on evidence), but there is no such command in this case. We do not disagree that it is obligatory to make it up; rather we disagree as to whether the made-up prayer will be accepted from him and whether prayer offered at the wrong time is valid. He discussed this matter at length and he favoured the view that was mentioned by Dawood and those who agreed with him, and the matter is as he put it, because I made a thorough study of this matter and I did not see any reliable evidence that obliges the one who misses a prayer deliberately to make it up.
Nayl al-Awtaar(2/26).
The more correct view – and Allaah knows best – is that the one who deliberately omits the prayer should not make it up, rather he has to seek forgiveness and repent.
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) discussed this issue at length and examined the evidence of both sides in his useful bookal-Salaah(p. 67-109).
Note: Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said:
The scholars who say that he should make up the prayer do not say that by making it up he is absolved of sin, rather they say that by making it up his burden of sin is reduced, but the sin of missing and delaying the prayer beyond its prescribed time is like any other sin, it needs either repentance or good deeds that will erase it or other things that will waive the punishment. End quote.
Minhaaj al-Sunnah(5/233).

Share

Making Up Missed Prayers, - Dought & clear, - * Making up the Sunnah prayer that is done before Zuhr

Share

If someone comes to the masjid for the Zuhr prayer and misses the 4 Sunnan Rakah(which are offered before the Fard) can he repeat these 4 Sunnan Rakah after he offers his 4 Fard and 2 Rakah Sunnah (which are offered after the Fard)?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
It is mustahabb to make up the regular Sunnah prayers if one misses them, according to the correct scholarly view. This is the Shaafa’i view and the well known opinion of the Hanbalis, in contrast to the Hanafis and Maalikis, because of the hadeeth of Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased with him), according to which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) prayed two rak’ahs after ‘Asr. He was asked about them and he said: “O daughter of Abu Umayyah, you asked about the two rak’ahs after ‘Asr. That is because some people from ‘Abd al-Qays came to me and distracted me from the two rak'ahs that come after Zuhr; these are they (i.e., I prayed them just now).” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (1233) and Muslim (834).
Imam al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
The correct view in our opinion is that it is mustahabb to make up the regular naafil prayers. This was the view of Muhammad, al-Muzani and Ahmad according to one opinion narrated from him. Abu Haneefah, Maalik and Abu Yoosuf, according to the most well known view narrated from him, said that they should not be made up. Our evidence is these saheeh ahaadeeth. End quote.
Al-Majmoo’(4/43).
Al-Mardaawi al-Hanbali (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The words “whoever misses any of these Sunnahs, it is Sunnah for him to make it up” – this is the well known view of our companions.
Al-Majd supported this in his commentary and it was the view favoured by Shaykh Taqiy al-Deen – i.e., Ibn Taymiyah. End quote fromal-Insaaf(2/187).
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
Making up regular Sunnah prayers is Sunnah if one misses them. The evidence for that is that when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) slept and missed Fajr prayer, and did not wake up until after the sun had risen, he prayed the Sunnah prayer of Fajr first, then he prayed Fajr after that. End quote.
Liqaa’aat al-Baab il-Maftooh(no. 74, question no 18). See alsoal-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah(25/284).
Secondly:
If he wants to make up the Sunnah prayer that comes before Zuhr after offering the fard Zuhr prayer, should he pray the Sunnah prayer that comes before Zuhr first, and then the Sunnah prayer that comes after Zuhr, or vice versa?
It seems that this matter is broad in scope, whether he starts with the Sunnah prayer that comes before or that which comes after, because what matters is doing it, whether it is done sooner or later.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
The scholars said: If you miss the two rak’ahs that come before Zuhr, then pray them after the prayer, because you were excused from doing them before the prayer. This happens all the time: a person comes to the mosque and finds that they have already started the prayer. In this case, he should make them up after he prays Zuhr.
But he should offer the regular Sunnah prayer that comes after Zuhr before the regular Sunnah prayer that comes before.
A man comes and the people are praying, and he is not able to offer the Sunnah prayer of Zuhr. When he has prayed Zuhr, he should pray two rak'ahs with the intention of offering the regular Sunnah prayer that comes after Zuhr, then make up the regular sunnah prayer that comes before. This was narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in a hadeeth narrated by Ibn Majaah.
Fath Dhi’l-Jalaal wa’l-Ikraam bi Sharhh Buloogh al-Maraam(2/225).
And Allaah knows best.

Share

For children, - Companion of Prophet Abu Lubabah: Seeking Forgiveness (Al-Istighfaar, Istighfar)

Share

Abu Lubabah was one of the distinguished companions (Sahaba)of the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) and had participated in the battle of Uhud and the conquest of Makkah. One of the sensitive aspects of his life was the incident of his repentance (Tawbah and Istighfaar).
When the tribe of Bani Quraidhah violated their covenant with the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw), the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) initiated a military expedition against them and besieged their fort. Some persons from the tribe of Aus approached him and requested: "Just as you had handed over the fate of the tribe of Bani Qainaqa'a to be decided by the tribe of Khazraj, leave it upon us to decide the fate of the tribe of Bani Quraidhah."
"Will you be satisfied if I were to appoint one person from your tribe to rule in the matter?" the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) asked.
They agreed. The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) suggested Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, chief of the Bani Aus tribe in Yathrib but the Bani Quraidhah refused to accept him. They told him to send Abu Lubabah to them so that they could confer with him. The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) assigned Abu Lubabah, who had his house, property and family in the fort of Bani Quraidhah, the task of conducting consultations with them.
As soon as Abu Lubabah entered the fort, men and women, old and young, surrounded him and began lamenting and complaining to him (over the state of affairs) with the intention of attracting his pity and compassion. Then they asked: "Should we submit before the rule of the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw)?"
"You could do that," he replied, making a gesture (by pointing to his neck) to indicate that submission was equivalent to death.
Abu Lubabah quickly realized that by performing this act, he had been unfaithful and disloyal to the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw). It was on this occasion that the following verse was revealed: "O you who believe! Be not unfaithful to Allah and the Messenger, nor be unfaithful to your trusts while you know. Know that your property and your children are a temptation, and that Allah is He with Whom there is a mighty reward." Noble Qur'an (8:27-28)
Overcome with shame, he came out of the fort and proceeded straight towards the mosque of Madina and, tying himself to one of its pillars in the mosque, called out: "None should untie me till Allah (SWT) accepts my repentance (Tawbah and Istighfaar)."
Abu Lubabah remained in that state for ten to fifteen days, allowing himself to be untied only for prayers or to go to the washroom.
"If Abu Lubabah had come to me, I would have sought forgiveness for him but since he himself awaits Allah's (SWT) forgiveness, leave him alone till Allah (SWT) forgives him," the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) commented when he came to know what Abu Lababah had done.
Umm al-Momineen Umm Salamahstates: "One day, at dawn, I saw the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) happy and smiling. May Allah (SWT) always keep you smiling! What is the reason for it?" I asked him.
The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) said: "Jibril (Gabriel) has informed me that Abu Lubabah's repentance has been accepted."
"Do I have your permission to inform him of the good news?" I asked.
"You may if you wish," he answered. From inside the room I called out: "Glad tidings, O' Abu Lubabah! Allah (SWT) has accepted your repentance."
The people rushed forward to untie him but he ordered: "I place you under the oath of Allah (SWT) that none, except the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw), should untie me."
When the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) arrived in the mosque for the morning prayers, he untied Abu Lubabah from the pillar which stands even today, in the Mosque of the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) and is popularly known as the 'Pillar of Repentance' or the 'Pillar of Abu Lubabah'.

Share

Making Up Missed Prayers, - Dought & clear, - * She thought that she was in nifaas following a miscarriage so she did not fastor pray

Share

Forty days had passed since I miscarried the foetus in my womb, and the pregnancy had not lasted more than two and a half months. That coincided with the month of Ramadaan, then I did not pray or fast. I did not know anything about Islamic matters, but after that I found out that I was not in nifaas. Should I make up the prayers and fasts that I missed? Now I am confused and do not know what I should do.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
If a woman miscarries, the bleeding that follows is not regarded as nifaas (post partum bleeding) unless the miscarried foetus had developed human features such as a head, hand, foot and so on.
The blood that she passes is not considered to be nifaas unless the foetus had human features.
Human features do not appear in the foetus before eighty days of pregnancy, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The creation of any one of you is put together in his mother’s womb for forty days, then he becomes a ‘alaqah (a piece of thick coagulated blood) for a similar period, then he becomes like a chewed piece of flesh for a similar period, then Allaah sends an angel who is enjoined to write down four things, and it is said to him: ‘Write down his deeds, his provision, his lifespan and whether he is doomed for Hell or destined for Paradise. Then the soul is breathed into him.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3208.
This hadeeth indicates that a human being goes through a number of stages during pregnancy.
For forty days he is a nutfah (mixed drops of male and female sexual discharge, for the next forty days he is a ‘alaqah (a piece of thick coagulated blood), then for forty days he is a mudghah (a lump of chewed flesh), then the soul is breathed into him after one hundred and twenty days have passed.
Human features begin to appear at the mudghah stage, not before that, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“O mankind! If you are in doubt about the Resurrection, then verily, We have created you (i.e. Adam) from dust, then from a Nutfah (mixed drops of male and female sexual discharge, i.e. the offspring of Adam), then from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood) then from a little lump of flesh — some formed and some unformed (as in the case of miscarriage) — that We may make (it) clear to you (i.e. to show you Our Power and Ability to do what We will)”
[al-Hajj 22:5]
From this verse it is known that the mudghah may or may not have human features.
Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: If a woman sees blood after passing something in which there were human features, then it is nifaas. This was stated by Imam Ahmad. But if she see that [bleeding] after passing a nutfah or ‘alaqah, then it is not nifaas. End quote fromal-Mughni, 1/211.
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: If a woman miscarries something in which human features are visible, such as a head, hand, foot and so on, then she is in nifaas, and comes under the rulings on nifaas, so she should not pray or fast and it is not permissible for her husband to have intercourse with her until she becomes pure or until forty days have passed.
But if there are no discernible human features in that which is passed by the woman, and it is like a piece of meat with no features, or it is blood, then that comes under the rulings on istihaadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) and not the rulings on menstruation, and she has to pray and fast in Ramadan, and she is permissible to her husband, because she comes under the rulings on istihaadah according to the scholars. End quote fromFataawa Islamiyyah, 1/243.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen said:
The scholars said: If something is passed in which human features appear, then the blood which is passed after it emerges is regarded as nifaas, during which the woman should not pray or fast and her husband should avoid intimate relations with her until she becomes pure. But if what is passed is not formed, then the bleeding is not regarded as nifaas, rather it is irregular bleeding which does not prevent the woman from praying or fasting or anything else.
The scholars said: The minimum time in which human features may appear is 81 days.
Fataawa al-Mar’ah al-Islamiyyah, 1/304, 305
Based on that, the bleeding which you experienced was not nifaas, because the foetus was miscarried before the completion of 80 days, and you should have prayed and fasted during that period, unless your menses came to you.
Secondly:
You have to make up the fasts, and there is no confusion on this issue, regardless of whether we say that you were pure or in nifaas, because the one who does not fast for a reason (such as sickness or menses or travelling) is obliged to make up the fast. You did not fast for a reason, which is that you thought you were in nifaas.
As for making up the prayers, it seems that you are not obliged to make them up, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not tell the woman who was suffering istihaadah and did not pray during the time she was bleeding to make the prayers, rather he advised her as to what she should do in the future.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If the woman who is suffering istihaadah did not pray for a while because she believed that prayer was not obligatory for her, then there are two opinions as to whether it is obligatory for her to make up the prayers or not. The first view is that she does not have to make them up, as was narrated from Maalik and others, because when the woman who was suffering istihaadah said to the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him): “I experience severe and painful bleeding that prevents me from praying and fasting,” he told her what she should do in the future but he did not tell her to make up the past prayers. End quote fromMajmoo’ al-Fataawa(22/102). See also the answer to question number 45648.
To sum up:
You have to make up the fasts. As for the prayers, if it is easy to you to make them up, then do that. Otherwise we hope that Allah will pardon you for that. And we advise you to strive to seek knowledge and understanding of your deen.
We ask Allah to help and guide us and you.
And Allah knows best.

Share