Menstruation and Post-Natal bleeding, - Dought& clear, - * If a woman gives birth and does not bleed, or she bleeds a little then it stops before the end of forty days

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There is a woman who gave birth 22 days ago, but she does not have any postpartum bleeding. Should she pray? Or should she wait for forty days?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
Nifaas (postpartum bleeding) refers to the blood that comes out of the uterus because of giving birth.
If the birth took place without any bleeding -- which is very rare -- then the woman is not regarded as being in nifaas and she is not subject to the same rulings as women who are in nifaas, because the ruling depends on the presence of blood.
Ibn Qudaamah al-Maqdisi said: If she gives birth and does not see any blood, then she is pure (taahir) and not in nifaas, because nifaas is blood, and there is no blood in this case. End quote.Al-Mughni, 1/429
Ibn Hajar al-Haytami said: If a woman gives birth and does not see any blood, then there is no nifaas for her at all, and if she does ghusl, she comes under the same rulings as women who are pure (taahir) in all aspects. End quote fromal-Fataawa al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kubra, 1/358
Inal-Mawsoo‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah(41/15) it says: If the birth was free of blood or there was no bleeding, such as if the infant came out dry, then she is pure (taahir) and there is no nifaas for her, because nifaas is blood, and there is no blood in this case. End quote.
The scholars of the Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas were asked: Some women experience difficulties in giving birth and they have to give birth by means of a Caesarian section, in which case the child does not come out through the vagina. What is the ruling on these women in sharee‘ah, with regard to the bleeding of nifaas?
They replied:
They come under the same ruling as women who are in nifaas: if the woman sees blood, she should refrain (from prayer etc.) until she becomes pure, and if she does not see any blood, then she should fast and pray like all other women who are pure (taahir). End quote fromFataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah(2/420)
Secondly:
The scholars differed as to whether ghusl is obligatory in this case.
It was said that she does not have to do ghusl, because Islam only requires it of women who are in nifaas, and in this case the woman is not in nifaas in any way.
This is the view of the Maalikis and Hanbalis.
See:al-Mughni, 1/429;al-Mawsoo‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah, 14/51
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) favoured this view, and said: If a woman gives birth and does not see any blood, which is very rare, in this case she should not refrain (from prayer and so on) for the period of nifaas. If she gives birth at sunrise and the time for Zuhr begins and she did not see any blood, then she does not have to do ghusl; rather she should do wudoo’ and pray. End quote fromal-Sharh al-Mumti‘, 1/281
And it was said that she does have to do ghusl, because giving birth is usually a cause of nifaas which makes ghusl obligatory, so giving birth should make ghusl obligatory too.
This is the view of the Shaafa‘is and is the view favoured by the scholars of the Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas, who said:
If a pregnant woman gives birth and no blood comes out, then she has to do ghusl and pray and fast, and her husband may have intercourse with her after she does ghusl, because what usually happens in the case of childbirth is that blood comes out, even if it is a little, with the baby or straight afterwards. End quote fromFataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 5/421
In order to be on the safe side, she should do ghusl so as to avoid an area in which there is a difference of opinion among the scholars.
Thirdly:
If she bleeds for several days, then the bleeding stops, she has to do ghusl and pray and fast, even if that is before forty days have passed since giving birth. There is scholarly consensus on this point, because there is no minimum limit for nifaas. This has been discussed in the answer to question number 50308. If the bleeding resumes within the 40 day period, then this is nifaas; and whatever goes beyond the 40 days is istihaadah (irregular bleeding) which does not prevent her from praying and fasting.
And Allah knows best.

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Menstruation and Post-Natal bleeding, - Dought& clear, - * She had a miscarriage after one month, and that coincided with the time of her period - should she pray?

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My period was one week late, after which I fell whilst walking, and I started to bleed. It seems that there was a pregnancy which had not yet taken human shape, because it was approximately one month. I waited, on the basis that it was a period, but it lasted for ten days, and my period is usually five days only, and I am still bleeding. Should I do ghusl, wear a pad and pray and complete the rituals of my Hajj, and regard it as istihaadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding)?
Praise be to Allaah.
If a woman has a miscarriage before eighty-one days of pregnancy, the bleeding that happens is not regarded as nifaas; rather it is istihaadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding), unless it coincides with the usual time of her period, in which case it is menstrual bleeding.
Istihaadah does not prevent a woman from praying, fasting and doing tawaaf, but she has to do wudoo’ at the time of each prayer.
See also the answer to question no. 107115.
As this time is close to the time of your period, and the menses may come late or come early, and the basic principle is that what comes out of a woman is menses, then it seems that you should regard the bleeding you have as menstrual, and whatever lasts longer than the five days of your normal period should also be regarded as menses, so long as it does not go beyond the longest time for menses, which is fifteen days according to the majority, or last longer than a month according to those scholars who do not think that there is any maximum length of menses, such as Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah and those who agreed with him.
See also the answer to question no. 65903.
To sum up, the bleeding that you are experiencing is menses, and is not to be regarded as istihaadah unless the bleeding lasts for more than fifteen days, at which point you should do ghusl and pray.
And Allah knows best.

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Menstruation and Post-Natal bleeding, - Dought& clear, - * Menstruating women entering the mosque to listen to the khutbah

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Is it permissable for a female to attend Jumaah during her menses only to listen to the khutbah? Please support with evidences .
Praise be to Allaah.
If you want to sit in the mosque to listen to the khutbah, that is not permitted, because it is not permitted for a menstruating woman to enter the mosque, unless she is only passing through.
But if she is going to sit in a place that is attached to the mosque or close to it, then there is nothing wrong with that, because she is not entering the mosque in this case.
For a more detailed answer regarding places that are attached to the mosque, please see the answer to question no. 34815, to find out when the place attached to the mosque comes under the same ruling as the mosque itself.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
It is haraam for a menstruating woman to stay in the mosque; it is even haraam for her to stay in the Eid prayer place, because of the hadeeth of Umm ‘Atiyah (may Allaah be pleased with her) who said: “He (meaning the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)) commanded us to bring out on the two Eids the adolescent girls and the virgins in seclusion, but he commanded the menstruating women to stay away from the prayer-place of the Muslims.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 324; Muslim, 890.Risaalat al-Dima’ al-Tabee’iyyah li’l-Nisa’, p. 52-53.
The Standing Committee (5/398) was asked about the ruling on menstruating women entering the mosque.
They replied: It is not permissible for a menstruating woman to enter the mosque except to pass through it if she needs to. This is like the one who is junub (in a state of impurity following sexual activity), because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“O you who believe! Approach not As-Salaah (the prayer) when you are in a drunken state until you know (the meaning) of what you utter, nor when you are in a state of Janaaba (i.e. in a state of sexual impurity and have not yet taken a bath), except when travelling on the road (without enough water, or just passing through a mosque), till you wash your whole body”
[al-Nisa’ 4:43]
The Standing Committee was also asked (6/272) about the Islamic ruling on a woman who enters the mosque when she is menstruating so that she can listen to the khutbah.
They replied: it is not permissible for a woman to enter the mosque when she is menstruating or bleeding following childbirth… But simply passing through is allowed, if she needs to and she is certain that she will not make the mosque naajis (impure, i.e. by drops of blood falling on the floor), because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“…nor when you are in a state of Janaaba (i.e. in a state of sexual impurity and have not yet taken a bath), except when travelling on the road (without enough water, or just passing through a mosque)…”
[al-Nisa’ 4:43]
A menstruating woman comes under the same rulings as one who is junub, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) commanded ‘Aa’ishah to pass him something from the mosque when she was menstruating.
And Allaah knows best.

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Menstruation and Post-Natal bleeding, - Dought& clear, - * She continued to bleed after shegave birth so she did not pray; should she make up the days that she missed after forty daysfrom the birth?

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I did not pray until sixty days after the birth of my child, because the bleeding did not stop until then, and I was unaware that the woman becomes pure after forty days and has to start praying. I did not come to know of this ruling until nine months after giving birth.
What should I do about the twenty days when I did not pray? If I have to make up those prayers, when should I do that?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
The scholars differed as to the maximum length of nifaas (post-partum bleeding). Some of them said that the maximum length of nifaas is forty days, because of the hadeeth of Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased with her): “At the time of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), women in nifaas used to stay (not praying etc) for forty days” – narrated by Abu Dawood, 139; al-Albaani said it is hasan saheeh. This is the view of the majority.
So she should pray after that even if she continues to bleed, and she should make up the prayers that she missed, so long as the bleeding that comes after forty days does not coincide with the time of her monthly period. See question no. 10488.
Some of the scholars, such as Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah, said that the basis principle regarding blood that comes out because of childbirth is that it is nifaas, so she should not pray until the bleeding stops, and he said there is no maximum limit for nifaas.
Some of then said that the maximum length of nifaas is sixty days. This is the view of al-Shaafaa’i (may Allaah have mercy on him).
In order to be on the safe side, you should make up the prayers that you missed after forty days, apart from the time that coincided with your monthly period. And Allaah knows best.
With regard to how the prayers should be made up: you have to do that as soon as this ruling reaches you. If it is difficult because of the large number of prayers involved, you can make them up as you are able to, even if that takes several days. And Allaah knows best.

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