'' Our Lord ! grant us good in this world and good in the hereafter and save us from the torment of the Fire '' [Ameen]
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{in Arab} :->
Rabbanaa aatinaa fid-dunyaa hasanatan wafil aakhirati hasanatan waqinaa 'athaaban-naar/-
(Surah Al-Baqarah ,verse 201)
Share {Part 1} - - Beliefs Relating To Allah's Self And His Characteristics (Allah Ta'ala's Monotheism [Oneness] And His Qualities)
Allah is one. He is Pure, He is Unique, he is free from faults. He is the total of all qualities and excellence. No one in any thing is equal to him or is level with him or higher than him. In his qualities of characteristics he has always existed and will always remain. Eternity is only for his self and his characteristics. Except Him, whatever exists hasn't been there always, but in fact has been created by Him. He is from Himself meaning no-one has created Him. He is not a father of anyone, nor a son, nor does he have a wife nor any relations. He is self sufficient from all this. He is not dependant of anyone on any matter and all are dependant of Him. To give wealth, to kill, to give life are all in his control. He is the master of all, He does whatever He wishes. Nobody can challenge His order. Without His will a grain does not move. He is aware of all things hidden, shown, what has happened and what is going to happen, there is not the slightest thing that is outside His knowledge. The world, the universe, every single creation in existence has been created by Him. Everyone is His servant. He is more beneficent towards His servants than a person's parents. He is the one who forgives sins and accepts one's repentance. His hold is so strong that no one can escape without His willingness. To give one respect or disrespect is in His control. Whoever He wishes He will give them respect, whoever He wishes he will give them disrespect. Possession and fortune are in His control, whoever He wishes He will make rich, whoever He wishes He will make them poor.
Guidance and Mis-guidance is from Allah
Guidance or to go astray is given by Him. Whoever He wishes will have faith, whoever He wishes will gain infidelity. There is always a reason in His actions. There is always Justice in His actions. He will award Paradise to Muslims and give punishment in Hell to Infidels. Whether a servant understands or does not understand there is always a reason behind His actions. His gifts are a favour upon everyone and are countless. He is the only one who deserves worshipping, except Him no-one is worthy of worship.
Allah's existence
Allah Ta'ala is Pure from body and parts. Meaning he is not a body nor are any things connected to Him that you would find in a body, in fact this is impossible to Him. He is pure from place or boundary, direction, face, weight, breadth, gain, loss, joint with something, to mix in something, to be born to give birth, to move from one place to another place, to change in shape or size, or any other thing which may relate to a body. In the Holy Quran and the Hadith Sharif where many words that have been used to explain Allah, for example 'Yadd meaning hand','Wajh meaning face', 'Rijl meaning leg','Dihac meaning to smile' etc. which according to the dictionary relates to the body, to take this type of meanings is to go astray or one who has bad beliefs (because Allah does not have a body). These types of words are interpreted according to the dignity of Allah, because to take these word literally is impossible for Allah. For example Yadd's interpretation is Power and Wajh is interpreted as self and 'Istiw'a' is interpreted as to power over someone. However, it is better that one should not even consider interpretation without cause. In fact one should believe it as correct and leave the meaning to Allah, i.e. He knows better. Our faith is on the quote of Allah and is beloved Prophet. 'Istiw'a is correct, Yadd is correct but this Istiw'a is not like the Istiw'a of a creation. His Yadd is not like the Yadd of a creation. His speech, His sight, His hearing is not like the speech, sight, hearing of a creation.
Allah's Self and His characteristics are not from creation or from power.
*.Belief: Except for Allah's Self and His characteristics every thing is created meaning it did not exist but was created after.
*.Belief: To call the characteristics of Allah a creation is to go astray and a bad belief.
*.Belief: Whoever has the belief that except for Allah's self or characteristics something else is 'Kadeem' (meaning always been in existence) or believes that the world is not a creation but has always been in existence then they are a Kafir (Infidel).
*.Belief: Just in the same way that Allah Ta'ala is the creator of the universe and all it's belongings, He is also the creator of our actions and doings.
Allah Ta'ala's presence
*.Allah is WajibulWajood meaning that his presence is necessary and disappearance impossible.
*.Belief: There is nothing that is outside the knowledge of Allah. Whether it is present or not. Whether it is possible or impossible. Whether it is specific or global. He has been aware of everything, is aware of everything, and will always be aware of everything for infinity. Things change but his knowledge does not change. He is fully aware of our intention and what is in our heart. His knowledge has no end.
*.Belief: Without Allah's intention nothing can happen, however, he is happy when something good occurs and upset when something bad occurs.
*.Belief: Allah has the power of all possible things. No possible thing is out of his power. Things which are impossible for Allah are not under his power. To believe power over the impossible for Allah is to reject Allah.
*.Belief: Good and bad, Infidelity and faith, to obey and defy is all created by Allah.
*.Belief: In real terms Allah is the deliverer of wealth. Angels are servants and interceders.
*.Belief: There is nothing necessary for Allah, not to give reward or to pass on punishment or to favour upon, because he is the master without any restriction whatsoever. Whatever He wishes he can do, whatever He wishes he can order. If He rewards then it is his virtue, if He punishes then it is his fair judgment. Yes it is His graciousness that He will only order what a servant can do. He will of course give with His virtue paradise for Muslims and He will give from His judgement Hell to non-Muslims, because He has promised that except for Infidelity whatever Sin He wishes He will forgive and His promises or threats do not change. This is why punishment and reward will definitely occur.
*.Belief: Allah is care free from the world. He does not gain any benefit or loss from it. Nor can it give Him benefit or loss. Whatever He does, there is no personal benefit or gain to Him. From creating the world there is no personal benefit to Him and if He had not created it there would have been no personal loss to Him. To show His virtue, judgement and qualities He created the creatures.
*.Belief: In everything that Allah does there are a lot of reasons behind it whether we understand them or not. It is his reasoning that He has made one thing to be a cause for another thing. He made Fire to be the cause of heat. He made water to be the cause to cool something. He made the eye so that one could see, He made the ear so that one could hear. If he wished He could have made fire to cool, water to heat, eye to hear, ear to see.
*.Belief: For Allah all faults and mistakes are impossible. Like to lie, illiteracy. mistake, cruelty, to be shameless, all sorts of faults are impossible for Allah. If someone believes that Allah can lie but does not lie, they are therefore believing that Allah has the power to make a mistake or fault but does not do so. Then it does not stop there one would have to believe that Allah can perform any sort of fault but does not do so, like to steal, perform adultery, be cruel, to give birth etc. etc. "Ta'ala Allaho An Zaalika Ulwan Kabeera" Allah is pure from all them sort of things. To believe Allah can perform faults but does not do so is to believe faults in Allah and therefore rejecting Allah as a Lord. May Allah protect us against having these sorts of belief.
DESTINY
Within the knowledge of Allah there is, what was going to happen in the world and whatever servants were going to do, Allah found this out from the beginning and wrote it down. He wrote goodness in some people's fate and wrote badness in another person's fate. He did not make the person helpless by writing this down, but wrote down what the servant was going to do. If he wrote badness in a person's fate then this is because the person was going to perform badness and if he wrote goodness in a person's fate then this is because the person was going to perform goodness. Allah's knowledge or due to Allah writing this down did not make a person helpless.
Rule: It is forbidden to discuss or debate the subject of destiny, a person should only think that they are not helpless like stones and therefore cannot do anything according to their will, but actually Allah has given humans the power to do as they please and the reward and sin is based upon this power of will. To believe yourself as totally without will or totally helpless is a misguided belief. After performing bad deeds you should not say that this happened because it was Allah's will and therefore it was in my destiny, but all good things are done with the pleasure of Allah and all bad deeds are done with the pleasure of one's desires.
PROPHETS AND MESSENGERS
Just as it is necessary to know Allah's self. characteristics, and attributes, it is also as important to know what aspects should be present in a Prophet and what should not be, so that a person can be protected from infidelity.
Meaning of a Messenger (Rasool)
Messenger means He who brings the message from the Lord to the servants.
Who is a Prophet
A Prophet is the person who received the 'Wahi' (revelation) meaning a message from Allah for the guidance of mankind to show people the path to the lord. Whether this message came via angels to the Prophet or whether the knowledge was given direct to the Prophet from the lord. Many Prophets and many angels are Messengers (Rasools). All Prophets were male, nor has a Jinn ever been a Prophet nor has there been a female Prophet. One cannot be a Prophet due to worship or perseverance, but become a Prophet due to Allah's will, and therefore a person's effort does not make them favourable. Hence, Allah makes only them a Prophet who he deems fit and are born like so, and always stay away from sin even before becoming a Prophet and also are always attracted to good. There is never an aspect in a Prophet that people would hate.
Prophet's walking, conduct, looks, features, nobility and family.
A Prophet's walk, conduct, looks, features, nobility, family, ways, manner, talk and conversation are all good and free from faults. A prophet's intelligence is complete. A Prophet is the most clever out of all people. The highest qualified doctor or philosopher's intelligence does not reach even a millionth part of the Prophet's intelligence. Those who believe that they can become Prophet due to their effort are infidels (Kafir) and those who believe that a Prophet's prophecy can be taken away from them are also infidels.
Who is Ma'soom (immune from Sin)
A Prophet or an Angel are Ma'soom,meaning they are completely immune from sin and therefore cannot commit a sin. Except for Prophets or Angels if one believes that an Imam or a Wali are also Ma'soom then they are misguided and have deviated from the right sect. Although there are Imams and great Walis who also do not commit sin. however, if sometimes they do commit a sin then according to Shariat this is not impossible. To pass the message of Allah, a Prophet can never make a mistake as this is impossible.
Associating a Prophet with fear: Those who say that the message of Allah is sometimes not passed on by a Prophet due to the fear of people or some other reason, is an infidel. Prophets are better than all creations. In fact they are better than those Angels who are Rasools.
To believe a Wali to be better than a Prophet
Regardless of how high a rank of a Wali is, they can never be equal to a Prophet. Those who show a non-Prophet better than a Prophet are Infidels.
Belief. From Hazrat Adam Alaihi Salaam to our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad Sallallaho Alaihi Wasallam there has come many Prophets, Hazrat Nooh (Noah), Hazrat Ibrahim (Abraham), Hazrat Moosa (Moses), Hazrat Eisa (Jesus) and also thousands of others. The above four were Messengers and also Prophets. The last of all Prophets and Messengers and the most virtuous of all creations, is Allah's most beloved our Master Hazrat Ahmad Mujtaba Muhammad Mustapha Salallaho Alaihi Wa Aalihi Wasaliam. After the beloved Prophet there has never been another Prophet nor will there be another Prophet. Whoever believes that there will be a Prophet or has been a Prophet during our Prophet's era or after or actually believes it as a possibility of someone obtaining Prophecy is a Kafir/Infidel.
Our Prophet's unique virtues and excellence
Allah Ta'ala created from his light our beloved Prophet, before any other thing. Prophets, Angels, Earth, Skies, Heavens etc. have all been created from the ray of the Holy Prophet's light (Noor). Except for Allah or being equal to Allah, our beloved Prophet has been given whatever qualities there are, and whatever excellence exists, by Allah Ta'ala. In the whole universe there cannot be anything or anyone with the same or greater quality than our beloved Prophet. Huzoor is the most virtuous creation and a delegate of Allah Ta'ala. Huzoor is the Prophet of all the other Prophets and it is a necessity for everyone to follow the Prophet. Allah Ta'ala has gifted Huzoor with the keys of all Allah's treasures, All the world and religious gifts are provided and created by Allah and shared and given out by our beloved Prophet. Allah Ta'ala gave our Prophet the unique gift of Me'raj, meaning called him above the skies (Ursh) and showed him his vision with the Prophet's own eyes. The Prophet listened to Allah's voice and was given a tour of Jannat (paradise), Dozakh (hell), Ursh (above the skies) and Kursi (throne). All this happened in a short period at night. On the day of judgement our Prophet will be the first to perform intercession, meaning he will intercede for people in the court of Allah. He will raise the grades. There are many other qualities, to much to mention in this short section.
Belief. To treat something relating to the Prophet as low
If someone treated any of the Holy Prophet's quotations or actions or deeds or situations as not worthy or looked upon them with degrading value then they are a Kafir. [QaziKhan, Shifa Kaazi Ayaaz etc]
Maujiza - miracles performed by Prophets
Difference between Maujizaa and Karamat
The untoward action which is impossible to perform, and a Prophet performs it to prove their prophecy and astonishes Infidels is known as a 'Maujizaa'. For example to bring back to life the dead, with the movement of the finger to split the moon into two. If these types of actions are performed by a Wali (friend of Allah) then it is known as a Karaamat. If they are performed by an ordinary person or wrongdoer or a Kafir then it is known as 'Istidraj'.
When seeing a Maujizaa the truth of a Prophet is accepted, because if this sort of power has been given to them to which they .can perform miracles, astonish people and make them helpless then they are truly a Messenger and a Prophet of Allah, as false liars who claim to be a Prophet cannot perform these types of miracles. Allah Ta'ala never gives the false claimants of Prophet-hood the power to perform Maujizaas, otherwise one would not be able to distinguish the difference between the true Prophets and false claimants.
Important Rule: The Prophet's mistakes
The mistakes that have been committed by the Prophets, to talk about them except for when praying about them in the Holy Quran and Hadith is Haram, meaning forbidden and strictly forbidden. How can others actually use their tongues against these kings, for Allah is the Ruler of alt. However he wishes to build a palace He can do so, meaning the Prophets are the Lord's beloved creations whatever way they want to present themselves to Allah, others cannot use them as their certificates to call them by. Meaning when a Prophet made a mistake the words used by Allah to call them Prophets or whatever the Prophets named themselves in the state of servant-hood, no follower has the right to use them phrases in relation to the Prophets, as this is completely not allowed and strictly forbidden.
BOOKS OF ALLAH TA'ALA
Allah Ta'ala revealed to his Messengers his statement and message. Tauret was revealed to Hazrat Moosa, Zuboor was revealed to Hazrat Da'ood, Injeel was revealed to Hazrat Eisa and many other books were revealed to many other Prophets. The followers of these Prophets altered these books, added or extracted statements and therefore changed the orders of Allah. Then Allah Ta'ala revealed to our Master, Muhammad Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam the Holy Quran. The Quran is such a unique book that no one can make another like it, whether the whole world tried together to make one, they couldn't. The Quran is complete with all the knowledge and every aspect is enlightened. It is the same now, fourteen hundred years later as it was when it was revealed, and will always remain the same. If the whole world wished, even then there would not a be a slightest letter difference to it. Those who say that someone has altered or increased or decreased it or the true Quran is kept by the Imam of the unseen, then they are a Kafir. This is the true Quran. It is necessary for all to bring faith on this Quran. There will now, not come a new Prophet nor a new book, those who believe against this are not Muslims.
MALAIK - ANGELS
Angels are creations of light. They have been given the strength by Allah Ta'ala to turn into whatever shape or form they wish, whether it be of a Human or another creation. Angels never do anything against the order of Allah, nor purposely or by mistake, because they are Ma'soom. They are pure from all types of sins small or large. Allah Ta'ala has given many types of duties, some angels have a fixed duty of taking out the soul, some to give rain, some have been given the task to create the face of a child in the mother's womb, some to write the deeds of an individual, some to do a particular type of duty, others to do another type of duty etc. Angels are not male or female. To believe them as 'Kadeem' (always have been in existence or always will be in existence) or to believe them as the creators is Kufr/infidelity. The slightest form of insult for an Angel is also infidelity [Aiamgiri etc]. Some people call their enemies or oppressors as 'the angel of death', to say such things is not allowed and close to infidelity. To reject the existence of Angels or to say that the strength of all good is known as Angels and there are no such things are both acts of Kufr.
THE JINN
Jinn are created from fire. Out of these many have been given the strength to change in whatever form they wish. Wicked, evil Jinn are known as Shaitaan. They are like humans, .they are intelligent, have a soul and a body. They eat, drink, live, die and have children. Within them there are infidels, Muslims, Sunni, bad-sects and every type. There are more of bad Jinn in quantity as per humans. To say that there is no such thing as Jinn or the Jinn is the bad in you are acts of Kufr/infidelity.
DEATH AND THE GRAVE
Every single person's age is fixed. It cannot increase from it's fixed time nor can it decrease. When the time of life is finishing, Hazrat Izraeel Alaihi Salaam comes to extract the dying person's soul, and the person dying looks to his left and right and sees Angels everywhere. The angels of mercy come to a Muslim and for the infidels the angels of punishment appear. At this time even the infidels believe the truth about Islam, but their faith is at this time is not counted. This is because faith is the name of believing the message of Allah and his beloved Messenger without seeing proof, and at this time one sees the angels and then believes and this is therefore not accepted as a Muslim. A Muslim's soul is taken out with ease and is then taken with respect by the angels of mercy. An infidel's soul is taken out with great pain and the angels of punishment take it with disgrace. After death the soul does not go into another body and is then reborn, but upto the day of judgement stays in the world of 'barzakh' meaning the interval between death and resurrection. To believe that the soul goes into another human body or an animal's body or into trees or plants etc. and is known as reincarnation is wrong and is Kufr.
What is death ?
When the soul comes out of the body, this is known as death. However, the soul does not disintegrate but remains in the world of 'barzakh'.
Where does the soul remain after death ?
According to faith and deeds performed, a different place is fixed for the soul to remain. Until the day of resurrection it stays in that place. Some stay underneath the 'Ursh' (above the skies), some remain at 'Aala eliyyeen' (the highest point), some remain at the well of Zam Zam, some remain in their grave. The souls of infidels are imprisoned. Some are imprisoned in the well of 'Barhoot', some in 'Sajeen' (the lowest point in Earth), some at their place of cremation or burial.
Does the soul die ?
In any situation the soul does not die or disintegrate but remains unchanged. Whatever it's position and whatever it's state is, it always remains connected to the body. If the body has pain it also feels the pain. If the body is relaxed, the soul is also relaxed. When someone visits the grave, it sees the person and recognises them and listens to what they are saying. In relation to the Muslim's soul it is stated in the Hadith Sharif that when a Muslim dies, it's path is opened and it can go wherever it pleases. Hazrat Shah Abdul Aziz writes that there is no such thing as near and far for a soul, but all places are equal.
The death of a soul and it's condition
Those who believe that the soul can die and disintegrate is a 'bud mazhab' meaning from a deviated sect. The dead also speaks. It's voice is heard by animals etc. except for normal humans and Jinn.
The tightening of the grave
After burial, the grave tightens up and presses the dead. It presses the Muslim like a mother holds a child. It presses the infidel to the extent of crushing them, like the left side bones end up on the right side. When the people leave after burial, the dead hears the footsteps.
What are Munkar Nakkeer like and what do they ask?
At that time two angels called 'Munkar and Nakeer' come ripping through the earth, their faces look very fearful and scary. Their body is black, eyes green and black and very large in size popping out like the Jinn's eyes and made of fire. Their hair is very scary and long from head to toe, their teeth are very long with which they rip through the earth. They wake up the dead shaking and rattling them. They ask with great strength with a deep voice these three questions;
"MAN RABBUKA" meaning 'Who is your lord'?
"MAA DEENUKA" meaning 'what is your religion' ?
"MAA KUNTA TAQUL FEE HAZAR RAJL" meaning 'What did you used to say about this person'?
If the dead is a Muslim he will reply as follows;
"RABBUNALLAH" my lord is Allah,
"DEENIL ISLAM" my religion is Islam,
"HUWA RASOOLULLAHE SALLALHO ALAIHI WASSALLAM" This is Allah's Messenger, He has been embraced with Allah's mercy, greeting to Him.
Now a voice from the skies will be heard saying "My servant has said the truth, lay the tablecloth of paradise for him, give him clothes from paradise to wear and open the doors of paradise (Jannat) for him. The cool air and the sweet fragrance of Jannat will continue to come and wherever the eyesight can reach the grave will be made wide and large. Angels will say "sleep like a groom sleeps". All this will be for the good pious Muslims. For the sinful, their will be punishment according to their sins. This punishment will continue for a time then from the prayers of the pious or from 'Eesaal-e-Sawab' (good acts performed by people for the dead's forgiveness) or from prayers for their forgiveness or simply from the mercy of Allah this punishment will stop. Then there will be relaxation.
If the dead is an infidel/Kafir, then he will not be able to answer the questions and will say "HAA HAA LA ADRI" meaning 'shame for I know nothing'. Now a caller will shout "He is a liar, lay the table cloth of fire for him, and give him clothes of fire to wear and open the doors of hell (Dozakh) for him, from which the heat of hell will reach him . There will be two angels allocated to him to give him punishment and will hit him with great big hammers. He will also be bitten by big scorpions and snakes. All different kinds of punishment will continue until the day of resurrection.
Notice - who will not be asked questions in the grave
The Prophets will not be asked questions in the graves nor will their graves tighten. Many followers will also not be asked the questions, like those Muslims who die on Friday or in the month of Ramadan' The situation of relaxation and punishment in the grave is a fact. This punishment or reward is for both the body and the soul. Whether the body disintegrates or burns or mixes in the soil, it's original parts remains until the day of resurrection. It will have reward or punishment and on the day of judgement it will be reformed back to a body. These original parts are actually situated in the spine and cannot be seen by humans nor are they eaten by the soil and nor can they be burned. These are the seeds of the body and from theseAllah joins the rest of the parts of the body, which have been spread by either being turned into ashes or soil and are reformed into the original body. The soul then comes back into that body and is presented in the field of resurrection. This day is known as 'Hashr'. This also re-iterates the point that the souls go back to the same body that they belong to and by burning the body or by the body disintegrating it does not disappear but is recreated from it's original seeds, and therefore a whole new replacement body is not created but the original is recreated, and all the changes does not affect it. For example, when a child is born and then a person grows up becomes a teenager and then becomes a man, but after all these changes the person is the same, a new person does not appear. The person knows that ten years ago it was me and it is still me, all these changes haven't made a new person and every person understands this about themselves and about others.
Where a person has buried or has been left to rot, the questions will be asked there and the punishment will occur there. Like, if a tiger has eaten a person, the questions will be asked inside the tiger's stomach, and the punishment and reward will also happen there. A person who rejects the fact of the punishment and reward of the grave is a misguided person.
Who's body cannot be eaten by the soil
Rule: Prophets, Walis (friends of Allah), Martyrs, A Hafiz of the Quran who also acts upon the instructions of the Holy Quran, a person who has never committed a sin and those who pray the Durood Sharif at all times, their bodies are not eaten by the soill. Those who say that the Prophet's bodies "have died and eaten by the soil" is a misguided, from the wrong sect, evil and an insulting person.
THE COMING OF QAYAMAT (DESTRUCTION DAY) AND SOME SIGNS
One day all teh world, humans, animals, jinn, angels, earth, skies and whatever that is in them will be finished. Except for Allah there will be nothing left. This is known as the coming of 'Qayamat'. Before the coming of Qayamat. there will be some signs that will appear Out of which, we write some of them here.
Khasf meaning that there will be three places where the earth will open up and men will be buried alive. One in the west, one in the east and one in Arabia.
The knowledge of religion will go, meaning the Ulema (scholars of religion)will be taken away.
There will be a large exploitation of illiteracy.
There will be great use of alcohol and adultery. In such a shameful extent that it will be as common as donkeys eating grass.
There will be less male and more females. The ratio will be fifty women compared to one man.
There will be a lot of goods.
In Arabia there will be green scenery such as green crops parks and streams. The streams will open it's treasures and there will be mountains of gold.
Men will listen to their women and not their parents They will stay in close contact with their friends and stay away fromtheir parents
There will be great use of music.
People will curse their ancestors and speak ill of them.
The wrongdoers and non-capable will be made leaders.
Degraded people who could not find cheap clothing, will own large mansions.
People will scream and shout in mosques.
To stay in Islam will be so difficult as it is difficult to hold hot ash in the hand. Upto the extent that a person will go the cemetery and wish that they were in that grave.
There will be no quality in time. A year will be like a month. A month will be like a week. A week will be like a day A day will be like as if an item has caught fire and quickly turns into ash, meaning time will go very fast.
Savaqe animals will speak to humans. The point of a whip, the heel of a shoe will speak dialogue and will tell you what has happened in the home. In fact a person's thigh will inform him.
The sun will rise from the west. At this point, the doors of repentance will close. One can no longer bring faith into Islam.
Except for the big 'Dajjal' (impostor), there will be thirty other impostors who will all claim to be Prophets. Where in fact Prophecy has finished. There will be no other Prophet after our Prophet Hazrat Muhammad Mustapha Sallallaho Alaihi Sallam. Out of these impostors there have already been some, for example, Musslimiyya Kizzab, Taleeha Bin Khuwild, Asood Ansi,
Mirza Ali Muhammad Baab, Mirza Ali Hussain Baha'ullah, Mirza Gulam Ahmed Qadyani etc and those that are left will certainly come. {to be continued....}
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