Fasting, - Doupht&clear, - * Exams are not an excuse for not fasting in Ramadaan

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I have exam in ramadan for 6 hours and half,continous with 45 minutes break during the exam.I took this exam last year,but I didn't concntrate because I was fasting.
can I break my fast in this day of my exam?
Praise be to Allaah.
It is not permissible to break the fast for the reason you mention, rather it is haraam, because it is not included in the reasons for which one is allowed not to fast in Ramadaan.
FromFataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, vol. 10, p. 240
It should be noted that fasting in Ramadaan is an obligation upon every accountable Muslim, and no one is excused from fasting at the time of fasting except for those who have valid excuses, who are granted the concession of being allowed not to fast, such as the sick, travelers, pregnant and breastfeeding women, the very old and those who are forced to break their fast.

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Fasting, - Doupht&clear, - * If a woman’s period ends before Fajr

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I was menstruating and I became pure (my period ended) before the adhaan for Fajr, but because I was tired I did not do ghusl until the adhaan was given for Fajr. Should I complete this day’s fast, knowing that I had the intention of fasting this day before the adhaan?.
Praise be to Allaah.
If a menstruating woman becomes pure before Fajr then she should have the intention of fasting and her fast is valid, even if she does not do ghusl until after dawn comes.
The same ruling applies to one who is junub (in a state of impurity following sexual activity) if he does not do ghusl until after dawn comes.
Al-Bukhaari (1962) and Muslim (1109) narrated from Sulaymaan ibn Yasaar that he asked Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased with her (about a man who wakes up junub – can he fast? She said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to wake up junub not from a wet-dream and he would fast.
Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
The scholars of these cities are unanimously agreed that the fast of one who is junub is valid, whether that was as the result of a wet dream or of intercourse.
If the blood of menstruation or nifaas (post-partum bleeding) stops at night, then dawn comes before the woman does ghusl, her fast is valid and she has to complete it, whether she did not do ghusl deliberately or because she forgot, with or without an excuse. The same applies to one who is junub. This is our view and the view of all the scholars, apart from that which was narrated from some of the salaf but we do not know whether it is saheeh or not.
And Allaah knows best.

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Fasting, - Doupht&clear, - * Is it permissible forone who is observing i’tikaaf to go out of the mosque?

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I would like to know how i’tikaaf is to be done in the mosque during the last ten days of Ramadaan, noting that I work and my work finishes at 2 p.m. Do I have to stay in the mosque all the time?.
Praise be to Allaah.
If the mu’takif (person observing i’tikaaf) goes out of the mosque, his i’tikaaf is invalidated, because i’tikaaf means staying in the mosque to worship Allaah.
That applies unless the mu’takif goes out for an unavoidable reason, such as to relieve himself, to do wudoo’ or ghusl, or to bring food if he does not have anyone to bring food to the mosque for him, and other similar matters which cannot be avoided and which cannot be done in the mosque.
Al-Bukhaari (2092) and Muslim (297) narrated that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used not to enter the house except for things that a person needs when he was observing i’tikaaf.
Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said inal-Mughni(4/466):
What is meant by things that a person needs is to urinate and defecate, because every person need to do that. Similarly, he also needs to eat and drink. If he does not have anyone who can bring him food and drink, then he may go out to get them if he needs to. For everything that he cannot do without and cannot do in the mosque, he may go out for that purpose, and that does not invalidate his i’tikaaf, so long as he does not take a long time doing it.
If the mu’takif goes out to do his work, this is something that invalidates i’tikaaf.
The Standing Committee was asked:
Is it permissible for the mu’takif to visit someone who is sick or to accept an invitation or to attend to his family’s needs or to attend a funeral or to go to work?
They replied:
The Sunnah is that the mu’takif should not visit one who is sick during his i’tikaaf, or accept any invitation, or attend to his family’s needs, or attend any funeral, or go to work outside the mosque, because it was proven that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “The Sunnah is for the mu’takif not to visit any sick person, or attend any funeral, or touch his wife or be intimate with her, or to go out for any purpose except those which cannot be avoided.”
Narrated by Abu Dawood, 2473.

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Fasting, - Doupht&clear, - * They work in difficult jobs such as smelting metals

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What is the ruling of Islamic sharee’ah on the situation of workers who work in exhausting jobs, especially in the summer months. I can give you an example of those who work with furnaces for smelting metals. Is it permissible for them not to fast in Ramadaan?.
Praise be to Allaah.
One of the basic facts of Islam, which no Muslim has any excuse for not knowing, is that fasting the month of Ramadaan is obligatory upon each person who is accountable, and it is one of the pillars of Islam. So every person who is accountable must strive to fast it in order to fulfil the obligation that Allaah has enjoined upon him, hoping for His reward and fearing His punishment, without forgetting permissible earnings in this world and without preferring this world to the Hereafter. If there is a conflict between doing the acts of worship enjoined by Allaah and working to earn a living in this world, then he must strike a balance between them so that he will be able to do both. In the example mentioned in the question, he should make the night his time for working to earn his living in this world, and if that is not possible then he should take a leave of absence from his work during Ramadaan, even if that is without pay. If that is not possible then he should look for other work where he will be able to fulfil both duties.
His worldly interests should not affect his Hereafter interests. There are lots of jobs and the ways of earning a living are not limited to this kind of difficult work. By Allaah’s Leave, the Muslim will never want for permissible ways of earning a living which will allow him also to do the acts of worship enjoined upon him by Allaah. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And whosoever fears Allaah and keeps his duty to Him, He will make a way for him to get out (from every difficulty).
And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine. And whosoever puts his trust in Allaah, then He will suffice him. Verily, Allaah will accomplish his purpose. Indeed Allaah has set a measure for all things”
[al-Talaaq 65:2-3]
If we assume that he cannot find any work other than that mentioned, which causes him hardship, then he should flee for the sake of his religion from that land to another land where it will be easy for him to fulfil both his religious and worldly duties, and where he can cooperate with other Muslims in righteousness and piety, for the earth of Allaah is spacious. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“He who emigrates (from his home) in the Cause of Allaah, will find on earth many dwelling places and plenty to live by”
[al-Nisa’ 4:100]
“Say (O Muhammad): O My slaves who believe (in the Oneness of Allaah Islamic Monotheism), be afraid of your Lord (Allaah) and keep your duty to Him. Good is (the reward) for those who do good in this world, and Allaah’s earth is spacious (so if you cannot worship Allaah at a place, then go to another)! Only those who are patient shall receive their reward in full, without reckoning”
[al-Zumar 39:10]
But if he cannot manage to do any of these things and he is forced to do the kind of difficult work mentioned in the question, then he should fast until he feels that he cannot bear to continue fasting, and then eat and drink enough to keep him going, then he should refrain from eating and drinking. And he has to make up the missed fasts on days when it is easy to fast.
And Allaah is the Source of strength. May Allaah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.
Standing Committee for Research and Issuing Fatwas, 10/233-234.

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