Zakaath, - Dought&clear, - * If the authorities calculate zakaah as less than it should be

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If what is owed by a farmer is more than what was calculated for him by the committee for collecting zakaah, does the farmer have to give zakaah on the extra amount?.
Praise be to Allaah.
It is proven that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said concerning zakaah on produce of the earth: “For that which is watered by the sky or a spring, or by its roots, (the rate of zakaah) is one-tenth, and for that which is watered by a camel, (the rate of zakaah) is half of one-tenth.”
The Muslim must give this amount of zakaah on that which is produced by the earth, if it reached the nisaab (minimum threshold).
If it so happens that those who are in charge of zakaah – namely the committee that estimates the crops and takes zakaah from them – underestimated it, then the owner must give zakaah on the additional amount of crops, whether this extra amount reaches the nisaab or not. That is because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) enjoined a specific share as stated above, one tenth or half of one tenth, so this must be paid.
Majmoo’ Fataawa Ibn ‘Uthaymeen(18/64).
And Allaah knows best.

- PUBLISHERNajimudeeN M

Zakaath, - Dought&clear, - * He shared with another person in farming some land. Who should pay the zakaah?

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I have dealt with a person to give him a piece of land to farm it in return for giving me 10% of its harvest. After harvest he gave me 10%. Do I have to pay Zakah on this? Or is it him who must pay Zakah in full from his share of the harvest?.
Praise be to Allaah.
If your share reaches the nisaab or minimum threshold for grains, then you must pay zakaah on it. If he paid zakaah on the whole amount before giving you your share, then that is sufficient. But if he gives you your share then he pays zakaah on his share only, then you must pay zakaah on your share if it reaches the nisaab for grains, because you own it at the time when zakaah becomes obligatory – which is when the grain ripens. The nisaab of grains is three hundred saa’s of the Prophet’s saa’.

- PUBLISHERNajimudeeN M

Fasting, - Doupht&clear, - * He works for the military– is it permissible forhim not to fast in Ramadaan?

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I work for the military unit and the month of Ramadaan is coming. Is it permissible for me not to fast, knowing that my circumstances do not make it easy to fast?.
Praise be to Allaah.
It is not permissible for you not to fast in Ramadaan, and you are obliged to fast unless you are travelling or are sick with an illness that makes you unable to fast, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days which one did not observe Sawm (fasts) must be made up] from other days”
[al-Baqarah 2:185]
“and [Allaah] has not laid upon you in religion any hardship”
[al-Hajj 22:78]
“Allaah burdens not a person beyond his scope”
[al-Baqarah 2:286]
And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If I command you to do a thing, then do as much of it as you can.”
And Allaah is the Source of strength. May Allaah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.
Standing Committee for Research and Issuing Fatwas 10/232

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Fasting, - Doupht&clear, - * She didnot make up the days when she had her period and now she cannot fast

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I did not fast on the days of my period in previous years, and I did not know that I had to fast these days before the next Ramadaan came. Now I suffer medical problems and am weak, and I cannot fast these days. It is permissible for me to feed poor people instead? If that is permissible, I do not know how many days are involved so how should I go about feeding them?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
When a woman does not fast because of her period, she has to make up the days that she missed, because ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: “That – meaning menstruation – used to happen to us and we were told to make up the fasts but we were not told to make up the prayers.” Narrated by Muslim, 335.
Secondly:
We have already stated in the answer to question no. 26865that it is obligatory to make up days missed in Ramadaan before the next Ramadaan comes; it is not permissible to delay it except for those who have a reason.
Thirdly:
Whoever is obliged to make up missed fasts but then is unable to do so because of sickness or weakness for which there is no hope of a cure should feed the poor instead, one poor person for each day.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen was asked inFataawa Arkaan al-Islam(p. 455):
A young girl got her period and she fasted the days of her period out of ignorance. What does she have to do?
He replied:
She has to make up the days that she fasted during her period, because fasts observed whilst menstruating are not accepted and are not valid, even if she was ignorant of that, and there is no limit to the time when they can be made up.
Here is a case which involves the opposite scenario: A woman started her periods when she was young, and she was too shy to tell her family, and she did not fast Ramadaan. This woman has to make up the month that she did not fast, because once a woman starts her periods she becomes mukallifah (accountable for her deeds), because menstruation is one of the signs of having reached adolescence.
He was also asked about a woman who did not make up the days from her period in Ramadaan until she owed nearly two hundred days, and now she is sick and old and cannot fast – what should she do?
He replied:
If this woman will be harmed by fasting as mentioned in the question, because she is elderly and sick, then she should feed one poor person for each day. She should calculate how many days she owes from the past and feed one poor person for each day.
Fataawa al-Siyaam, p. 121.
For information on how much must be given when feeding the poor, see question no. 38867.
In conclusion:
If you are able to fast then you have to make up the days. If you will not be able to fast then you have to feed one poor person for each day. Try to figure out how many days you did not fast until you think it most likely that you have reached the right number.

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