A

Share


Share


*AS'SALAMU ALAIKUM (WR, WB)*
-
-
Friday, May 9, 2014
-
- Rajab 10 , 1435
-
-
- * JUMMA MUBARAK! * -
-
-:-











Share

Share

Quran Related, - The extraordinaryfeatures of the atom

Share

:->


The atom consists of a nucleus, containing neutrons and protons, and electrons revolving around it.
The smallest components of the atom are two types of quarks, and the electrons. All the matter in the universe, all odors, all tastes, all colors, hardness, softness and everything else is created out of these three tiny components.
Electrons are extraordinarily minute compared to the nucleus. An electron is just one 2000th of the protons that make up the nucleus.
If we put a dot on a piece of paper and take this as the nucleus of the atom, the electron revolving around it would be 50 meters away.
If we think of the nucleus as an apple, the electron orbiting it would be 50 kilometers away. It would be impossible for a human being standing there to see the electron.
No blow, impact or explosion that could take place in this world can displace either the atom, the nucleus or the electrons. Even when a living thing made up of atoms dies, the atoms that constitute it will keep on turning.
The atoms that constitute a burning tree do not burn up and cease to exist with it; they continue revolving in the air and combine with different atoms to produce new substances.
The nucleus inside the atom is constantly revolving. Electrons revolve both around the nucleus, and around their own axes. The quarks inside the nucleus also revolve endlessly in the same way. Each one revolves at a specific speed. They never make a mistake and never impair the order set out for them. The electron revolvesboth around its own axis and around the nucleus at an extraordinary speed ranging from 2000 to 100,000 kilometers PER SECOND.
Not a single electron has ever collided with another electron throughout the 15 billion years since they were first created. No such collision could ever happen.
Electrons revolve around the nucleus in seven different orbits, and the number of electrons circling the nucleus may sometimes exceed 100.
Electrons jump into one another’s orbits and change places at a very high rate of speed. But despite their stupendous speeds and movements they still never collide with one another.
Electron exchanges between two atoms takes place with a very low energy. This is a great blessing to us in terms of the continuation of life, as this is one of the reasons behind the existence of everything, from the cells in our bodies to the objects we use, from the stars in the skies to the Earth itself.
In a single moment, there is as much electrical transmission in our brains as the number of stars in an average-size galaxy. This electrical transmission is made possible by electrons.
Electrons also revolve around their own axes. This is known as “spin”. Were it not for that, all electrons would combine in a single orbit, no electron exchange would ever take place, and matter could never form.
While we think we are sitting quietly at home, the Earth is revolving around its own axis at 500 meters per second . And we are revolving with it. The Earth revolves around the Sun at 30 kilometers per second. And we again revolve with it. The Solar System revolves within the Milky Way at a speed of 250 kilometers per second. And we revolve with it. And every one of the atoms in our bodies, all around us and where we live also constantly revolve. Everything, from giant galaxies down to the tiniest quark, is under the knowledge and control of Almighty Allah, Creator and Lord of all the worlds.
I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed satan;
Everything in the heavens and the earth belongs to Allah. He knows what you are engaged upon. On the Day when they are returned to Him, He will inform them of what they did. Allah has knowledge of all things. (Surat an-Nur, 64)




/-

Share

Quran Related, - How do our cells recognize and bind to one another?

Share

:->


Every cell that multiplies and divides as the embryo develops knows what its task is and heads towards the relevant location in the body. Bone cells locate other bone cells and adhere to them, while eye cells bind to eye cells and other cells to others of their kind.
Let us now examine these statements with care.
Every cell that multiplies and divides knows what its task is. In these images you are looking at, you are seeing a fertilized egg multiply and divide. As the number of cells grows, cells begin grouping together. It is at this stage that the decision is taken as to what tasks these cells will undertake in the body. Some cells group together as muscle cells, others as nerve cells and others again as bone cells.
So how and why do these millions of constantly multiplying cells decide to become nerve, heart, muscle or liver cells?
Scientists discovered that cells use calcium in order to join together. They first combined and separated various embryonic cells in a laboratory environment by reducing the amount of calcium. The cells in this calcium-deprived environment could not combine together. They then added calcium to these cells and saw that cells of the same type recognized one another and joined together. In other words, all liver cells, heart cells, stomach cells and all the other types of cells recognize each other, come together and give rise to the relevant organ.
But how is it that these cells find one another, making no mistakes, and combine to create an organ?
Combination takes place in three stages; cell activation, mutual recognition and finally binding together.
Cell activation takes place with micro- protrusions which resemble fingers on the surface of the cell. By means of these protrusions, a bone cell moves along millions of developing cells and finds another bone cell to adhere to. But in order for a cell to move among millions of cells, the fluid inside the cell has to be of just the right thickness. If the fluid were a little bit thicker, the cell could not bear the resistance, and therefore could not move. That would make it impossible for cells to produce first a tissue and then later an organ.
THAT IS, IF CELLS DID NOT MOVE, our organs would not be formed.
The answer to the question of how a liver cell recognizes another liver cell lies in the wondrous proteins on the cell membrane. Known as cadherins , these proteins first move toward the cell surface before binding takes place. They settle on the cell membrane and form a bridge between the inside of the cell and the outside. There are various types of cadherins. When two cells with the same cadherin molecules make contact, they recognize one another and binding begins. During the binding process, molecules on both the inside and outside of the cell become involved and establish a glorious cooperation together. The cadherin protein has the ability to bind to that part of the calcium remaining outside the cell. That is why calcium is one of the chemicals necessary for cells to bind to one another.
Nerve cells that recognize one another during embryonic development fold in on themselves after binding together. This takes place as cells with the same kind of cadherin bind together. When this process is over, all the nerve cells gather together in a single layer.
Two binding molecules use the force of attraction to join together. In order for a force of attraction to be established between cells, the distance between the two surfaces of the binding molecules has to be less than one nanometer and they have to be at the same level. While it is difficult for these conditions to be met the cells still manage to combine togetherbecause the force of attraction is capable of bearing a load of 40 nanograms; if the force of attraction between cells were not that strong, it would be impossible for one cell to bind to another. Allah has created this force attraction in such a sensitive manner that this bond permits both a very powerful binding force among cells as well as providing for a degree of flexibility, meaning it can be dissolved when necessary.
If our cells lacked this superb functioning that allows them to identify one another, we could not survive because in the event of any sickness, our red blood corpuscles would be unable to defend the body, our blood would not clot and, most important of all, the cells that give rise to our organs during embryonic development could not combine together.
This flawless functioning in our bodies is one of the manifestations of Allah’s glorious creative artistry.
I take refuge in Allah from the satan;
Does not man recall that We created him before when he was not anything? (Surah Maryam, 67)




/-

Share

Quran Related, - The miracle of thecell membrane

Share

:->



In order for a living thing to survive, the cell needs to dispose of the waste products and take the nutrients and other products into the cell. This task is carried out by the cell membrane. However this is quite a hard task.
The cell membrane is a layer consisting of lipid molecules.
On the fat particles in the cell membrane, there exist some gates ensuring the entrance into and exit from the cell and receptors which enable the cell to recognize the external environment.
These gates and receptors are made up of lipid molecules.
The cell membrane;
-Controls exit from and entrance into the cell
-Establishes the intracellular communication
-Conveys the messages into the cell
-Determines the harmful organism such as microbes and bacteria.
In order for the cell to accomplish these activities,
The cell must know all the activities of the cell,
-Should have an amazing knowledge of chemistry,
-Should make a list of the necessary or surplus materials,
-Should have a memory and decision making ability to keep stocks under control
-Should know the meaning of the intracellular messages and
-Should recognize the harmful agents for the cell.
The cell membrane distinguishes the required substances among hundreds of chemicals and only lets them in. In order to accomplish this the membrane uses different techniques according to the size of the molecules.
Among the materials which pass through the membrane, there are small molecules like electrons photons, ions and water molecules , medium- sized molecules such as amino-acids and glucose and large molecules like protein and RNA.
The cell membrane lets the small molecules pass through the membrane which the cell requires by diffusion.
Phospholipids and protein channels determine which molecules and ions to pass in which rate and when they’ll pass.
Protein Channels and Carrier Proteins
Some molecules pass through the protein channels on the cell membrane.
Some molecules, on the other hand, can only pass through by the help of a carrier protein. Binding of protein to the molecule which will be taken into the cell changes the shape of the protein and this action allows the protein to pass through the cell membrane.
Each one of the proteins on these channels has a sequence of amino acids of their own.
Some proteins carry out this action without taking energy from the cell. However, there are special proteins for molecules, which are carried against the ion and concentration flow. These proteins are competent in an even harder task. Using the energy of the cell, they meticulously carry the necessary material into the cell, against the very ion and concentration flow. Meanwhile, no harm is given to the protein channel, the passing material or the cell.
With the energy they receive from the cell, these special proteins change their shapes and thus carry the materials matching their own gates inside the cell.
Cell Membrane Vesicles
In larger molecules the cell membrane extends like an arm, encloses the molecule and, joining its arms from two ends, takes the molecule into the cell.
In order to take liquids into the cell, the cell membrane employs another method: At the point where the liquid exists, the membrane sinks in. The liquid filling in this structure is enclosed by the cell membrane and thus the liquid remains within the cell when a full sack is formed.
In both cases there exists a vesicle within the cell enclosed by the membrane. For these materials to be used by the cell, they should still pass through the membrane. Lysosome joins with the vesicle and the digestive enzymes inside the vesicle break down the material into particles small enough to pass through the membrane.
In some cases receptors enter the equation. The molecule binding with the receptor is enclosed by the cell membrane and a vesicle comes into being. Again lysosome joins with this vesicle and the digestive enzymes break down the molecule into smaller pieces and release them from the receptor. This way the cell membrane can reuse the receptors .
The cell membrane also determines the waste and throws them out by the vesicle method.
Relay of messages into the cell
There are hormones commissioned to any order from the brain. When the hormone reaches the cell, it relays its message to the receptor protein on the cell membrane. Accordingly the protein conveys the message to the center. The cell acknowledges this order, makes a decision and thus gets into action. These hormones can order the cell to move, divide or even die.
Large hormones bind to the protein receptors. Receptors send messenger molecules to the enzymes and organelles.
Cells recognizing each other
Cells recognize one another from the cell membrane
Hook-like extensions form on the outer side of the cell membrane
Thus, heart cells recognize other heart cells, liver cells recognize other liver cells.
The cells hold on to each other by these hooks to form the organs.
Defense cells and the cell membrane
The membranes of the defense cells detect harmful external materials. When necessary, the tentacles of the cell membrane elongate to catch the bacteria and microbes. When the enemy is caught it is absorbed by the cell.
The cell digests the enemy and the released particles are reused for the benefit of the body.
This amazing wisdom and conscience displayed by the cell membrane surely does not belong to the lipid particles and proteins. This superior intelligence and wisdom belongs to the Almighty Allah. By the inspiration of Allah, these processes are flawlessly carried out in every cell membrane of each cell in our body.
It is Allah Who created the seven heavens and of the earth the same number, the Command descending down through all of them, so that you might know that Allah has power over all things and that Allah encompasses all things in His knowledge. (Surat at-Talaq, 12)



/-

Share