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Tuesday, February 11, 2014

Biography, - Umm As-Sa‘d … the loyalty of the pupils












The Loyalty of the Pupils
Regarding her pupils and their relationship with her, she remarked:"I remember each one of them: some I certified in one way of recitation, and others – and they are few and far between – I have conferred licenses in all ten styles. All of these accreditations are stamped with my own seal that I always keep with me and hand it to no one, no matter how much I trust him ]or her[."She added:"Some of them are busy and no longer come to me. But, most of them either call or pay me a visit and inquire about my affairs from time to time."
She would proudly recall from among them some now-famous memorizers and reciters of the Quran and preachers. One of them even won second place in the international competition annually held in Saudi Arabia, for those who have committed the Holy Quran to memory. The most famous of her students is the physician, Ahmad Nu‘aina‘, who had recited the Quran in front of her and been accredited by her. Additionally, there are countless recitation specialist and teachers in the Alexandria Institute for Quran Recitations, who, when granting recitation licenses, have the honor of her name in the chain ]of reciters[ that goes back generations directly culminating with the Messenger of Allaah,sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam.
The Wives are Jealous of the Sheikhah!
Perhaps one of the funniest anecdotes related by Umm As-Sa‘d was how the wives of some of her students felt jealous of her, fearing she would take their husbands from them, particularly because they would talk about her ]at length and[ with much pride. This caused many of the men to bring their wives along to the lessons, to assure them their fear was baseless, for she was a blind old lady.
She recounted:"Some men were initially hesitant in coming to recite the Quran to me, and others stayed away, because I am a woman. However, Sheikh Muhammad Ismaa‘eel, one of the most renowned preachers in Alexandria, released an edict permitting this, when he came to know of my age. He even sent members of his family to me to learn to recite the Quran."
The Day of Khatmah - Ceremony of Celebration and Gifts
The happiest days of Umm As-Sa‘d were those ofKhatmah)completion of recitation of the Quran(, when she would issue a license to a student of hers. Although she had lived that day over three hundred times, as a keepsake, she would retain a photocopy of each certification she had conferred. The last, ]we saw[, was awarded to a woman who was licensed in reciting according to the style of Qaaloon on the authority of Naafi‘.
On the day of theKhatmah, a banquet, or ]sometimes[ a tea party would be held, in which the licensee would present a gift to Umm As-Sa’d; sometimes, it was a garment, a ring or gold jewelry, according to each one’s financial ability. But, to her, the most beautiful present was an all-expenses-paid trip forHajjand ‘Umrah)major and minor pilgrimage(, and yearlong accommodation in Makkah, gifted to her by some of her pupils.
The best reward for her during this journey was that she“reviewed her memorization of the Holy Quran, and gave out licenses in different ways of recitation to tens of Quran students from almost all Islamic states, like Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Sudan, Palestine, Lebanon, Chad and Afghanistan. ]..[ Yet, the dearest accreditation for ]her[ had been the one ]she[ awarded a Saudi female student of no more than seventeen years of age."
The Surprise: I got married, may my Sheikhah forgive me!!
You may be taken aback if you had asked her about the closest of her pupils to her, for her answer was: her husband Sheikh Muhammad Fareed Nu‘maan, who was, before he passed away five years ago, the most famous reciter of the Quran on the Rradio of Alexandria. He was the first to be granted a license from Umm As-Sa‘d.
Regarding the story of her marriage, she said:"I failed to fulfill my promise to my teacher, Sheikhah Nafeesah, to not marry. ]My husband[ recited the Quran to me in different styles; ]..[ I felt comfortable with him; he was blind like me and memorized the entire Holy Quran at an early age. I continued to teach him for five years, and when he concluded ]learning[ all ten modes of recitation and was licensed in them, he asked for my hand in marriage and I accepted."
Their marriage lasted for forty years during which she had no children. She commented on that once, saying:"Praise be to Allaah; I feel that He always chooses the best for me. Perhaps if I had had children, they would have distracted me from the Quran and possibly even made me forget it."
Undoubtedly, theSheikhahwas like a stream that gave of itself and incessantly flowed with the Quran and other virtues.
Death
Umm As-Sa‘d, may Allaah have mercy upon her, died at dawn on the sixteenth day of Ramadan, 1427 A.H., corresponding to 9/10/2006, at the age of eighty-one. Her funeral procession was from the Mosque of Ibn Khaldoon, in the Bahari area of Alexandria.







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Biography, - Maryam bint Jahsh












Muslim women excelled, not onlyFiqh,HadeethandTafseerbut also in other Islamic sciences. One such example is of Maryam bint Jahsh, may Allaah have mercy upon her, who lived in the 4thCentury; she was an expert of the language in which Allaah chose to reveal the Quran )i.e. Arabic(.
She was married to the great Yemeni scholar Jamaal Ad-Deen ‘Ali ibn ‘Abu Al-Fawaaris Al-Hamdaani, may Allaah have mercy upon him. Not only was it due to her knowledge of the Arabic language, but also the acuteness of her mind, that Maryam bint Jahsh, may Allaah have mercy upon her, was able to subtly resolve a difficult point for her husband.
Her husband had been engaged in debate with some adherents of a sect calledMurji’ah. Their heresy was such that they believed that as long as one had faith in their heart, regardless of what they commit with the limbs, faith by itself will secure their salvation. Her husband, ‘Ali, may Allaah have mercy upon him, quoted the end of verse 40 of ChapterAl-A‘araaf:‘‘…. Indeed those who belie our signs )aayaat( and disdain them — for them the gates of the heaven will not be opened, nor will they enter the Garden, until the camel passes through the eye of the needle.’’]Quran 7:40[
TheMurji’iwho was debating said: “This is easy for Allaah, with His Power, if He Wills, He passes the camel through the eye of the needle.’ When ‘Ali, may Allaah have mercy upon him, returned home his mind was still preoccupied and at he could not sleep during the night. His wife, Maryam, may Allaah have mercy upon her, asked him what was wrong; after he, may Allaah have mercy upon him, explained to her what the matter was she said on sentence that gave ‘Ali, may Allaah have mercy upon him, not only a good nights sleep, but a very good nights sleep. She, may Allaah have mercy upon her, said,‘In the verse of the Quran the camel is the subject ]of the verb[, not the object.’







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Dought & clear, - Reconciling between the view that the Earth is round and the verse “And Allah has made for you the earth wide spread (an expanse)” [Nooh 71:19]













Could you please explain these Quranic verse. Actually one Non Muslim asked me to explain these verses.
Quran 71:19 And Allah has made the earth for you as a carpet (spread out).
Quran 78:6 Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse, What does it mean ?
Quran 15:19 And the earth We have spread out (like a carpet); set thereon mountains firm and immovable; and produced therein all kinds of things in due balance.
Does it mean that Earth is flat? Tafsir Jalalayn says that EARTH is flat. But it is against Established Science.
Praise be to Allah
Firstly:
The scholars are unanimously agreed that the earth is round, but to human eyes it appears to be flat, because it is very big and its roundness or curvature cannot be seen at close distances. So the one who stands and looks sees it as flat, but when viewed as a whole, in reality it is round.
Ibn Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The proofs of the Qur’an and Sunnah indicate that it is round. End quote.
See also the answers to questions no. 201530and 118698
Secondly:
The verse (interpretation of the meaning)“And Allah has made for you the earth wide spread (an expanse)” [Nooh 71:19]indicates that it is spread out and shaped so that people can feel settled in it and be able to live and prosper in it. Ibn Katheer said:
That is, He spread it out, prepared it, made it stable and made it firm by means of the mountains.
Tafseer Ibn Katheer, 8/247
Similarly, the verse (interpretation of the meaning) “Have We not made the earth as a bed” [an-Naba’ 78:6]means that it is spread out and prepared for you and for your benefit, so that you can cultivate it, build dwellings in it and travel through it.
Ibn Katheer said:
That is, it is prepared for people in such a way that they can live in it, and it is firm, stable and steady.
Tafseer Ibn Katheer, 8/307
And the verse (interpretation of the meaning)“And the earth We spread out, and placed therein firm mountains, and caused to grow therein all kinds of things in due proportion” [al-Hijr 15:19]means We spread it out and placed firm mountains therein. This is like the verse in which Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):“And it is He Who spread out the earth, and placed therein firm mountains and rivers” [ar-Ra‘d 13:3].
There is no contradiction between saying that it is round and saying that it was spread out, because in fact in its totality it is round, but to the one who stands on it and looks at it, it appears flat, as it appears to everyone.
Ar-Raazi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
If it is said: Do the words“And the earth We spread out”indicate that it is flat?
We would respond: Yes, because the earth, even though it is round, is an enormous sphere, and each little part of this enormous sphere, when it is looked at, appears to be flat. As that is the case, this will dispel what they mentioned of confusion. The evidence for that is the verse in which Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):“And the mountains as pegs” [an-Naba’ 78:7]. He called themawtaad(pegs) even though these mountains may have large flat surfaces. And the same is true in this case.
End quote fromTafseer ar-Raazi, 19/131
Shaykh ash-Shanqeeti (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
If the scholars of Islam affirm that the earth is round, then what would they say about the verse in which Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Do they not look at the camels, how they are created?
And at the heaven, how it is raised?
And at the mountains, how they are rooted and fixed firm?
And at the earth, how it is spread out?”
[al-Ghaashiyah 88:17-20].
Their response will be the same as their response concerning the verse in which Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):“Until, when he reached the setting place of the sun, he found it setting in a spring of black muddy (or hot) water” [al-Kahf 18:86]– that is, as it appears to be in the eye of the beholder, because the sun sets on one country, but remains up in the sky for another, until it rises from the east on the following morning. So the earth looks flat in every region or part of it, because of its immense size.
This does not contradict its real shape, because we may see a very high mountain, but if we climb it and reach its summit we may find a flat surface there, and find an entire nation living there, and some of the people there may not know anything about the rest of the world, and so on. End quote.
Adwa’ al-Bayaan, 8/428
Shaykh Rafee‘ ad-Deen ibn Waliyullah ad-Dahlawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his bookat-Takmeel:
Some may understand words such as “made the earth as a bed” [an-Naba’ 78:6], “He spread the earth” [an-Naazi‘aat 79:30]and “…how it is spread out…”[al-Ghaashiyah 88: 20]as meaning that it is flat, whereas the scholars affirm that it is round on the basis of sound evidence, so it is thought that there is a conflict. That may be refuted by the fact that the visible part of it (for a person standing on it) appears flat, because the larger a circle is, the more spread out it is, so we may say that it is flat on the basis of that part of it that is visible to us, and it is round in its totality, on the basis of rational thinking.
Quoted from him by Siddeeq Hasan Khan in his tafseer,Fath al-Bayaan, 15/208
And Allah knows best.






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