Who do Islams worship?
Praise be to Allaah.
Before answering, we would like to express our appreciation for your
interest, at such a young age, in the religion of Islam. May Allaah
open the door for you to find much blessing through your asking this
question, and decree for you guidance such as you have never thought
of. Allaah[the Arabic name for the One True God – Translator]says in
the Qur'aan[the Holy Book of Islam](interpretation of the meaning):
"This is the Guidance of Allaah with which He guides whomsoever He
will of His slaves…" [al-An'aam 6:88]
"And whomsoever Allaah wills to guide, He opens his breast to Islam…"
[al-An'aam 6:125]
With regard to this important question – who do the Muslims worship? –
the answer is to be found in the Holy Qur'aan, which is the Scripture
of Islam, and in the words of the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad(peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) who received Revelation from his
Lord.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"In the name of Allaah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. All
praises and thanks be to Allaah, the Lord of the 'Aalameen (mankind,
jinns and all that exists), the Most Beneficient, the Most Merciful,
the Only Owner (and the Only Ruling Judge) of the Day of Recompense
(i.e., the Day of Resurrection). You (Alone) we worship, and You
(alone) we ask for help (for each and every thing)." [al-Faatihah
1:1-5]
"O mankind! Worship your Lord (Allaah), Who has created you and those
before you so that you may become al-muttaqoon (the pious)."
[al-Baqarah 2:21]
"Such is Allaah, your Lord! None has the right to be worshipped but
He, the Creator of all things. So worship Him (Alone), and He is the
Wakeel (Trustee, Disposer of affairs, Guardian) over all
things."[al-An'aam 6:102]
"And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him, and that you
be dutiful to your parents. If one of them or both of them attain old
age in your life, say not to them a word of disrespect, nor shout at
them but address them in terms of honour." [al-Isra' 17:23]
Muslim worship Allaah [the One True God] whom all the Prophets
worshipped. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Or were you witnesses when death approached Ya'qoob [Jacob]? When he
said unto his sons, 'What will you worship after me?' They said, 'We
shall worship your God, the God of your fathers, Ibraaheem [Abraham],
Ismaa'eel [Ishmael] and Is-haaq [Isaac], One God, and to Him we submit
(in Islam)." [al-Baqarah 2:133]
The Muslims worship Allaah and call others who follow different
religions to worship Allaah Alone, as Allaah says (interpretation of
the meaning):
"Say [O Muhammad]: 'O People of the Scripture [Jews and Christians]:
come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none
but Allaah, and we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us
shall take others as lords besides Allaah.' Then, if they turn away,
say, 'Bear witness that we are Muslims.'" [Aal 'Imraan 3:64]
It is Allaah Alone Whom Nooh [Noah] (peace be upon him) called his
people to worship, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Indeed, We sent Nooh [Noah] to his people and he said: 'O my people!
Worship Allaah! You have no other god but Him. Certainly, I fear for
you the torment of a Great Day!.'" [al-A'raaf 7:59]
It is Allaah Alone whom the Messiah [Jesus] (peace be upon him) called
people to worship, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Surely they have disbelieved who say: 'Allaah is the Messiah [Jesus]
son of Maryam [Mary].' But the Messiah said: 'O Children of Israel!
Worship Allaah, my Lord and your Lord.' Verily, whosoever sets up
partners in worship with Allaah, then Allaah has forbidden Paradise
for him, and the Fire will be his abode. And for the zaalimoon
(polytheists and wrong-doers) there are no helpers." [al-Maa'idah
5:73]
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And (remember) when Allaah will say (on the Day of Resurrection): 'O
'Eesa [Jesus], son of Maryam [Mary]! Did you say unto men: 'Worship me
and my mother as two gods besides Allaah?' He will say: 'Glory be to
You! It was not for me to say what I had no right (to say). Had I said
such a thing, You would surely have known it. You know what is in my
inner-self though I do not know what is in Yours. You, only You, are
the All-Knower of all that is hidden and unseen.
Never did I say to them aught except what You (Allaah) did command me
to say: "Worship Allaah, my Lord and your Lord." And I was a witness
over them while I dwelt amongst them, but when You took me up, You
were the Watcher over them, and You are a Witness to all
things.'"[al-Maa'idah 5:116-117]
When Allaah spoke to His Prophet Moosa [Moses] (peace be upon him), He
said (interpretation of the meaning):
"Verily, I am Allaah! None has the right to be worshipped but I, so
worship Me, and perform al-Salaah [prayer] for My Remembrance."
[Ta-Ha 20:14]
Allaah commanded His Prophet Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) as follows (interpretation of the meaning):
"Say [O Muhammad]: 'O mankind! If you are in doubt as to my religion
(Islam), then (know that) I will never worship those whom you worship,
besides Allaah. But I worship Allaah Who causes you to die, I am
commanded to be one of the believers." [Yoonus 10:104]
It is Him Alone, with no partner or associate, Whom the angels worship
and do not worship anyone or anything besides Him, as He says
(interpretation of the meaning):
"To Him belongs whosoever is in the heavens and on earth. And those
who are near Him (i.e., the angels) are not too proud to worship Him,
nor are they weary (of His worship)."[al-Anbiya' 21:19]
Everything that is worshipped instead of Allaah can neither bring
benefit nor cause harm, it can neither create nor provide. Allaah says
(interpretation of the meaning):
"Say (O Muhammad, to mankind); 'How do you worship besides Allaah
something which has no power either to harm or to benefit you? But it
is Allaah Who is the All-Hearer, All-Knower.'" [al-Maa'idah 5:76]
"You worship besides Allaah only idols, and you only invent falsehood.
Verily, those whom you worship besides Allaah have no power to give
you provision, so seek your provision from Allaah (Alone), and worship
Him (Alone), and be grateful to Him. To Him (Alone) you will be
brought back." [al-'Ankaboot 29:17]
Having explained this, we must complete the topic by asking: why
should we worship Allaah Alone with no partner or associate? The
answer is as follows:
Firstly: because there is nothing and nobody else in the universe that
deserves to be worshipped, for Allaah is the Creator and Sustainer,
Who has created the universe out of nothing and has bestowed so many
blessings upon us. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"So glorify Allaah, when you come up to the evening [i.e., offer the
Maghrib (sunset) and 'Isha' (night) prayers], and when you enter the
morning [I.e., offer the Fajr (morning) prayers].
And His is all the praise and thanks in the heavens and the earth, and
(glorify Him) in the afternoon [i.e., offer 'Asr (mid-afternoon)
prayer] and when you come up to the time when the day begins to
decline [i.e., offer the Zuhr (mid-day) prayer].
He brings out the living from the dead, and brings out the dead from
the living. And He revives the earth after its death, and thus shall
you be brought out (resurrected).
And among His Signs is this, that He created you (Adam) from dust, and
then [Hawwa (Eve) from Adam's rib, then his offspring from the semen,
and], - behold you are human beings scattered!
And among His Signs is this, that He created for you wives from among
yourselves, that you may find repose in them, and He has put between
you affection and mercy. Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people
who reflect.
And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and
the difference of your languages and colours. Verily in that are
indeed signs for men of sound knowledge.
And among His Signs is the sleep that you take by night and by day,
and your seeking of His Bounty. Verily, in that are indeed signs for a
people who listen.
And among His Signs is that He shows you the lightning, by way of fear
and hope, and He sends down water (rain) from the sky, and therewith
revives the earth after its death. Verily, in that are indeed signs
for a people who understand.
And among His Signs is that the heaven and the earth stand by His
Command, then afterwards when He will call you by single call, behold,
you will come out from the earth (ie.e, from your graves, for
reckoning and recompense).
To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. All are
obedient to Him.
And He it is Who originates the creation, then will repeat it (after
it has perished), and this is easier for Him. His is the highest
description (i.e., none has the right to be worshipped but He, and
there is nothing comparable unto Him) in the heavens and in the earth.
And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise." [al-Room 30: 17-27]
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Is not He (better than your gods) Who created the heavens and the
earth, and sends down for you water (rain) from the sky, whereby We
cause to grow wonderful gardens full of beauty and delight? It is not
in your ability to cause the growth of their trees. Is there any god
with Allaah? Nay, but they are a people who ascribe equals (to Him)!
Is not he (better than you gods) Who has made the earth as a fixed
abode, and has placed rivers in its midst, and has placed firm
mountains therein, and has set a barrier between the two seas (of salt
and sweet water). Is there any god with Allaah? Nay, but most of them
know not.
Is not He (better than your gods) Who responds to the distressed one,
when He calls Him, and Who removes the evil, generations after
generations. Is there any god with Allaah? Little is it that you
remember!
Is not He (better than your gods) Who guides you in the darkness of
the land and the sea, and Who sends the winds as heralds of glad
tidings, going before His mercy (rain)? Is there any god with Allaah?
High Exalted be Allaah above all that they associate as partners (to
Him)!
Is not He (better than your so-called gods) Who originates creation,
and shall thereafter repeat it, and Who provides for you from heaven
and earth? Is there any god with Allaah? Say: 'bring forth your
proofs, if you are truthful'
Say: 'None on the heavens and the earth knows the unseen except
Allaah, nor can they perceive when they shall be resurrected.'"
[al-Naml 27:60-65]
So is there anyone or anything besides Allaah that deserves to be worshipped?
Secondly: Allaah did not create us except to worship Him, as He says
(interpretation of the meaning):
"And I (Allaah) created not the jinns and humans except they should
worship Me (Alone)."[al-Dhaariyaat 51:56]
Thirdly: No one will be saved on the Day of Resurrection except those
who used to worship Allaah truly and sincerely. After death Allaah
will resurrect His slaves and call them to account, rewarding or
punishing them according to their deeds. No one will be saved on that
day except for those who used to worship Allaah Alone. The rest will
be gathered into a Hell, a terrible fate! The Prophet of Islam,
Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), was asked by his
Companions: "Will we see our Lord on the Day of Resurrection?" He told
them:
"Do you doubt that you can see the sun and the moon when the sky is
clear?" We [his Companions] said, "No." He said, "Then you should not
doubt that you will see your Lord on that Day, you will see Him as you
see them (the sun and moon)." Then he said, "A caller will call out,
'Let every people go to that which they used to worship.' So the
worshippers of the cross will go with their cross, the worshippers of
idols will go with their idols and the worshippers of every god will
go with their gods, until there will be left those who used to worship
Allaah, whether they were righteous or otherwise, and a few of the
People of the Book [Jews and Christians]. Then Hell will be brought
and shown to them as if it is a mirage. It will be said to the Jews,
'What did you used to worship?' They will say, 'We used to worship
'Uzayr, the son of God.' It will be said, 'You have lied. Allaah does
not have a wife or son. What do you want?' They will say, 'We want
something to drink.' It will be said to them, 'Drink!' and they will
fall into Hell. Then it will be said to the Christians, 'What did you
used to worship?' They will say, 'We used to worship the Messiah, the
son of God.' It will be said, 'You have lied. Allaah does not have a
wife or son. What do you want?' They will say, 'We want something to
drink.' It will be said to them, 'Drink!' and they will fall into
Hell. Then there will be left those who used to worship Allaah,
whether they were righteous or otherwise. It will be said to them,
'What are you waiting for? All the people have gone.' They will say,
'We have separated from them and we need Him more today. We heard a
caller saying that every people should follow that which they used to
worship, so we are waiting for our Lord.' He will say, 'Al-Jabbaar
[the Compeller, i.e., Allaah] will come…' And He will say, 'I am your
Lord.' They will say, 'You are our Lord,' but none will speak to Him
except the Prophets… then every believer will prostrate to
Him."(Reported by al-Bukhaari, no. 6886). These believers are the
people of Paradise on whom shall be no fear neither shall they grieve,
and they will dwell therein for ever.
We hope that this matter has now become clear. In conclusion we can
say nothing except that which Allaah has said (interpretation of the
meaning):
"Whoever goes right, then he goes right only for the benefit of his
ownself. And whoever goes stray, then he goes astray to his own loss…"
[al-Isra' 17:15]
Peace be upon him who follows the guidance..
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Islam is a religion of Mercy, Peace and Blessing. Its teachings emphasize kind hear tedness, help, sympathy, forgiveness, sacrifice, love and care.Qur’an, the Shari’ah and the life of our beloved Prophet (SAW) mirrors this attribute, and it should be reflected in the conduct of a Momin.Islam appreciates those who are kind to their fellow being,and dislikes them who are hard hearted, curt, and hypocrite.Recall that historical moment, when Prophet (SAW) entered Makkah as a conqueror. There was before him a multitude of surrendered enemies, former oppressors and persecutors, who had evicted the Muslims from their homes, deprived them of their belongings, humiliated and intimidated Prophet (SAW) hatched schemes for his murder and tortured and killed his companions. But Prophet (SAW) displayed his usual magnanimity, generosity, and kind heartedness by forgiving all of them and declaring general amnesty...Subhanallah. May Allah help us tailor our life according to the teachings of Islam. (Aameen)./-
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Tuesday, January 7, 2014
Dought & clear, - Who do Muslims worship?.
For children, - The Charity givers are alive even if they die, Charity Removes Evil, Disasters, Sickness
The great religion of Islam has only come for the benefit of mankind,
and one of Allah (SWT)'s mercies on us is that He (SWT) has opened for
us a great door of opportunity of doing good deeds which remains open
even after death. The key to this door is through charity and
sacrifice.
During his life, a Muslim may contribute his money towards the
building of a mosque or an orphanage or the printing of a useful book.
After his death these deeds lighten up his grave and this indeed is a
great opportunity, unique to the teachings of Islam. A man should be
so crafty so as to sow his farm only to reap the harvest in the
hereafter. The teachings of our Imams have emphasized a lot on this
aspect.
Often Imam Ali (AS) used to raise his voice during the nights in the
city of Kufa so as to be heard by every one: "Prepare for a journey
and do good deeds with what you have been blessed, for what lies in
front is difficult road full of obstacles and frightening junctions
from which there is no escape."
Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) says that: "Three things help a man after his
death, and these are: a charity given by him, a good habit he taught
to others and a good offspring he leaves behind, who prays for his
forgiveness."
Prophet Muhammad (S) says that: "Four things continue to reward a
person even after his death; a man who dies on the true path, a good
advise or knowledge given by him to someone who acts on that advice,
an act of charity and a good son who prays for him and asks for
forgiveness on his behalf."
Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) says that: "Six things benefit a man after his
death; a pious son who asks for forgiveness on his behalf, a copy of
the Noble Qur'an he read from, a tree he planted, a glass of water he
quenched others' thirst with, a well he dug, and a good tradition or
habit he left behind to those around him."
and one of Allah (SWT)'s mercies on us is that He (SWT) has opened for
us a great door of opportunity of doing good deeds which remains open
even after death. The key to this door is through charity and
sacrifice.
During his life, a Muslim may contribute his money towards the
building of a mosque or an orphanage or the printing of a useful book.
After his death these deeds lighten up his grave and this indeed is a
great opportunity, unique to the teachings of Islam. A man should be
so crafty so as to sow his farm only to reap the harvest in the
hereafter. The teachings of our Imams have emphasized a lot on this
aspect.
Often Imam Ali (AS) used to raise his voice during the nights in the
city of Kufa so as to be heard by every one: "Prepare for a journey
and do good deeds with what you have been blessed, for what lies in
front is difficult road full of obstacles and frightening junctions
from which there is no escape."
Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) says that: "Three things help a man after his
death, and these are: a charity given by him, a good habit he taught
to others and a good offspring he leaves behind, who prays for his
forgiveness."
Prophet Muhammad (S) says that: "Four things continue to reward a
person even after his death; a man who dies on the true path, a good
advise or knowledge given by him to someone who acts on that advice,
an act of charity and a good son who prays for him and asks for
forgiveness on his behalf."
Imam Jafar Sadiq (AS) says that: "Six things benefit a man after his
death; a pious son who asks for forgiveness on his behalf, a copy of
the Noble Qur'an he read from, a tree he planted, a glass of water he
quenched others' thirst with, a well he dug, and a good tradition or
habit he left behind to those around him."
Monday, January 6, 2014
Hazrat Uthman (ra)
Hazrat Uthman (ra), one of the handful of people who first embraced
Islam, had been one of the closest people to our Prophet (saas)
throughout his life. He was the son-in-law of our Prophet (saas) and
the third Caliph. Because he was twice honored with being the
son-in- law of our Prophet (saas), he was called "Thun-Nurayn"
(Zunnorain), meaning "the possessor of two lights." He participated
in all the struggles of our Prophet (saas) except for the Battle of
Badr. When Hazrat Uthman (ra) embraced Islam, he was subjected to
torture by the idolaters. When migration to Ethiopia was allowed,
he became one of the first immigrants to Ethiopia together with his
wife Mrs. Ruquayyah, our Prophet's (saas) daughter.
Hazrat Abu Bakr's (ra) communication of Islam became instrumental in
Hazrat Uthman's (ra) embracing Islam. He was one of the precious
companions of our Prophet (saas) who was exemplary to all Muslims
with his superior moral qualities and beautiful speech.
Apart from his refined and influential manner of speaking , he had
an extraordinarily retentive memory and he committed the Holy
Qur'an to memory. Having a very profound knowledge of hadith, he
also made great services to Islam by writing and recording the
revelations.
Hazrat Uthman's (ra) spending in the way of Allah
Hazrat Uthman (ra), who was engaged in commerce before converting
to Islam, was a wealthy and greatly respected merchant of his
tribe. When he was honored with Islam, he spent his entire wealth
which Allah had granted him for the spread of Islam and the welfare
of Muslims.
In a time when there was a water shortage in Medina, he paid twenty
thousand dirhems, which was quite a sum of money for that time, to
buy the Well of Ruma and donated it to the service of Muslims who
were paying for the water taken from this well. He was also the
person who met all the needs of the army, consisting of ten
thousand Muslims, who would participate in the expedition to Tabuk.
This aside, in a time when there was famine in Medina, Hazrat
Uthman (ra) purchased a hundred loads of wheat that arrived from
Damascus by camel and distributed them to the needy and the
companions of our Prophet (saas) in Medina.
Hazrat Uthman's (ra) Superior Services as a Caliphate
Following the martyrdom of Hazrat Umar (ra), Hazrat Uthman (ra) was
chosen as Caliph by a committee. Because he was considered
deserving of this duty by the Islamic community, nobody objected to
this decision and everyone offered allegiance to him. Hazrat Uthman
(ra) no doubt rendered one of his most important services in
spreading the morality of Islam during his Caliphate by ordering the
production of multiple copies of the text of the Qur'an as it
exists today, and sending them to all the Muslim provinces. During
the time of Hazrat Uthman (ra), the copies of the Qur'an were
produced, a copy was left in Medina and others were sent to Mecca,
Damascus, Kufa, Basra, Egypt and other provinces. Due to this
honorable and great service of Hazrat Uthman (ra), he was given the
name "Nashri al-Qur'an", meaning "the one who spreads the Qur'an."
During his Caliphate, Hazrat Uthman (ra) achieved many other great
accomplishments, one of which was the establishment of the first
Muslim navy on the coasts of Syria that made its first expedition to
Cyprus. Following this first naval triumph, other expeditions were
made to other islands in the Mediterranean in the following years,
with great victories following these expeditions.
During his military expeditions both on land and sea, and as a
requisite of the morality of Islam, Hazrat Uthman (ra) always
assumed a just and compassionate attitude. He observed the rights
of the People of the Book and treated them with compassion and
justice.
During the conquest of Dabil (Dvin), which was an Armenian city
during the Caliphate of Hazrat Uthman (ra), he granted indemnity to
the Christians, Jews and zoroastrians living in the city and
guaranteed the protection of their sanctuaries.
The following letter which Hazrat Uthman (ra) wrote to the
financial and administrative authorities when he became the Caliph
reveals his understanding, which was in full conformity with the
morality of the Qur'an:
"Almighty Allah had created nothing for a vain purpose. He created
everything as right. Therefore He accepts nothing but the right.
Take whatever you take as right; and give those things you give away
to the needy. Be especially attentive to honesty. Conduct yourself
honestly and don't be the one violating it, for those violating it
also undertakes the sins of those coming later. Be attentive to be
loyal; do not violate the rights of the orphan and comply with the
conventions. Be aware that Allah is hostile to those who oppress the
orphan."
This aside, he always allowed the repair of demolished churches
and the construction of new ministries and synagogues.
During the Caliphate of Hazrat Uthman (ra), the Muslim army had
great victories against the Byzantine Empire, and Armenia,
Caucasia, Khorasan, Marrakesh, Karman, Africa and many others were
included in the territories of the Islamic state.
The first Sermon of Hazrat Uthman (ra)
When Hazrat Uthman (ra) came to the pulpit to preach his first
sermon, he told the following after giving thanks to Allah:
"Muslims! You are indeed living in the blessings of peace and
security in Islam. You have come to the end of your lives with this
blessing. May your life end with goodness. Day and night, you have
struggled with all your might and main. But be well aware that the
yeast of this world is decisive. May the life of this world not
deceive you. Do not be proud towards Allah and take lessons from
those who preceeded you. Do not be idle and insensitive; be alert.
Allah is not heedless. Now where are those men of means who
preceeded us and loved this world, felt attached to it and had
palaces everywhere? Has this world ever remained faithful to them?
Take at least lessons from it, and do not overestimate this world
which Allah despises. Get prepared for the Hereafter, which is your
eternal abode."
Hazrat Uthman (ra) concluded his sermon saying, "There is a good
example in the following verse" and read:
I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed satan:
Make a metaphor for them of the life of the world. It is like water
which We send down from the sky and the plants of the earth combine
with it but then become dry chaff scattered by the winds. Allah has
absolute power over everything. (Surat al-Kahf, 45)
Wise words of Hazrat Uthman (ra)
"Take heed from the past and work for the good."
"Almighty Allah granted this world to you so that you can seek the
life of the Hereafter. He did not grant it to you so that you feel
inclined to it!"
"Hurry for the good deeds you can do before death catches up with you."
"O people! Avoid opposing the commandments of Allah, for avoidance
from opposing Allah's commandments is a loot… A servant of Allah
should fear from being resurrected blind although he was the one
able to see. A single word is sufficient for the one who understands
wisdom. Those who are deaf in soul already do not hear the right. Be
aware that that person fears nothing if Allah is with him."
The news of Hazrat Uthman's (ra) martyrdom was given by our Prophet (saas)
Our Prophet (saas) sent a messenger to Hazrat Uthman (ra) to call him
and when he came he told him:
"You will be murdered and die a martyr! Be patient. May Allah give
you patience."
"Never take off the shirt of Caliphate that Allah will put on you
for ten years and six months." While Hazrat Uthman (ra) was
leaving, our Prophet (saas) told him: "May Allah grant you
patience. You will be martyred while you will be fasting and you
will break your fast with me!" (Imam Suyuti, our Prophet (saas)
with his Extraordinary Features , Iz Publishing, Istanbul, 2003,
p.729)
Hazrat Uthman (ra) was martyred on 35 Hijr (the year 657 according
to the Gregorian Calendar) by some rebels in his home.
Our Prophet's (saas) words about Hazrat Uthman (ra)
"Uthman is the one with the most sense of shame in the ummah and the
most graceful."
"Every prophet has a companion in the Garden. My companion there is Uthman."
"My Lord! Remove Uthman's grief and sorrow on the Day of Judgment,
for he removed much of our grief."
"Uthman is from me, and I am from Uthman."
Islam, had been one of the closest people to our Prophet (saas)
throughout his life. He was the son-in-law of our Prophet (saas) and
the third Caliph. Because he was twice honored with being the
son-in- law of our Prophet (saas), he was called "Thun-Nurayn"
(Zunnorain), meaning "the possessor of two lights." He participated
in all the struggles of our Prophet (saas) except for the Battle of
Badr. When Hazrat Uthman (ra) embraced Islam, he was subjected to
torture by the idolaters. When migration to Ethiopia was allowed,
he became one of the first immigrants to Ethiopia together with his
wife Mrs. Ruquayyah, our Prophet's (saas) daughter.
Hazrat Abu Bakr's (ra) communication of Islam became instrumental in
Hazrat Uthman's (ra) embracing Islam. He was one of the precious
companions of our Prophet (saas) who was exemplary to all Muslims
with his superior moral qualities and beautiful speech.
Apart from his refined and influential manner of speaking , he had
an extraordinarily retentive memory and he committed the Holy
Qur'an to memory. Having a very profound knowledge of hadith, he
also made great services to Islam by writing and recording the
revelations.
Hazrat Uthman's (ra) spending in the way of Allah
Hazrat Uthman (ra), who was engaged in commerce before converting
to Islam, was a wealthy and greatly respected merchant of his
tribe. When he was honored with Islam, he spent his entire wealth
which Allah had granted him for the spread of Islam and the welfare
of Muslims.
In a time when there was a water shortage in Medina, he paid twenty
thousand dirhems, which was quite a sum of money for that time, to
buy the Well of Ruma and donated it to the service of Muslims who
were paying for the water taken from this well. He was also the
person who met all the needs of the army, consisting of ten
thousand Muslims, who would participate in the expedition to Tabuk.
This aside, in a time when there was famine in Medina, Hazrat
Uthman (ra) purchased a hundred loads of wheat that arrived from
Damascus by camel and distributed them to the needy and the
companions of our Prophet (saas) in Medina.
Hazrat Uthman's (ra) Superior Services as a Caliphate
Following the martyrdom of Hazrat Umar (ra), Hazrat Uthman (ra) was
chosen as Caliph by a committee. Because he was considered
deserving of this duty by the Islamic community, nobody objected to
this decision and everyone offered allegiance to him. Hazrat Uthman
(ra) no doubt rendered one of his most important services in
spreading the morality of Islam during his Caliphate by ordering the
production of multiple copies of the text of the Qur'an as it
exists today, and sending them to all the Muslim provinces. During
the time of Hazrat Uthman (ra), the copies of the Qur'an were
produced, a copy was left in Medina and others were sent to Mecca,
Damascus, Kufa, Basra, Egypt and other provinces. Due to this
honorable and great service of Hazrat Uthman (ra), he was given the
name "Nashri al-Qur'an", meaning "the one who spreads the Qur'an."
During his Caliphate, Hazrat Uthman (ra) achieved many other great
accomplishments, one of which was the establishment of the first
Muslim navy on the coasts of Syria that made its first expedition to
Cyprus. Following this first naval triumph, other expeditions were
made to other islands in the Mediterranean in the following years,
with great victories following these expeditions.
During his military expeditions both on land and sea, and as a
requisite of the morality of Islam, Hazrat Uthman (ra) always
assumed a just and compassionate attitude. He observed the rights
of the People of the Book and treated them with compassion and
justice.
During the conquest of Dabil (Dvin), which was an Armenian city
during the Caliphate of Hazrat Uthman (ra), he granted indemnity to
the Christians, Jews and zoroastrians living in the city and
guaranteed the protection of their sanctuaries.
The following letter which Hazrat Uthman (ra) wrote to the
financial and administrative authorities when he became the Caliph
reveals his understanding, which was in full conformity with the
morality of the Qur'an:
"Almighty Allah had created nothing for a vain purpose. He created
everything as right. Therefore He accepts nothing but the right.
Take whatever you take as right; and give those things you give away
to the needy. Be especially attentive to honesty. Conduct yourself
honestly and don't be the one violating it, for those violating it
also undertakes the sins of those coming later. Be attentive to be
loyal; do not violate the rights of the orphan and comply with the
conventions. Be aware that Allah is hostile to those who oppress the
orphan."
This aside, he always allowed the repair of demolished churches
and the construction of new ministries and synagogues.
During the Caliphate of Hazrat Uthman (ra), the Muslim army had
great victories against the Byzantine Empire, and Armenia,
Caucasia, Khorasan, Marrakesh, Karman, Africa and many others were
included in the territories of the Islamic state.
The first Sermon of Hazrat Uthman (ra)
When Hazrat Uthman (ra) came to the pulpit to preach his first
sermon, he told the following after giving thanks to Allah:
"Muslims! You are indeed living in the blessings of peace and
security in Islam. You have come to the end of your lives with this
blessing. May your life end with goodness. Day and night, you have
struggled with all your might and main. But be well aware that the
yeast of this world is decisive. May the life of this world not
deceive you. Do not be proud towards Allah and take lessons from
those who preceeded you. Do not be idle and insensitive; be alert.
Allah is not heedless. Now where are those men of means who
preceeded us and loved this world, felt attached to it and had
palaces everywhere? Has this world ever remained faithful to them?
Take at least lessons from it, and do not overestimate this world
which Allah despises. Get prepared for the Hereafter, which is your
eternal abode."
Hazrat Uthman (ra) concluded his sermon saying, "There is a good
example in the following verse" and read:
I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed satan:
Make a metaphor for them of the life of the world. It is like water
which We send down from the sky and the plants of the earth combine
with it but then become dry chaff scattered by the winds. Allah has
absolute power over everything. (Surat al-Kahf, 45)
Wise words of Hazrat Uthman (ra)
"Take heed from the past and work for the good."
"Almighty Allah granted this world to you so that you can seek the
life of the Hereafter. He did not grant it to you so that you feel
inclined to it!"
"Hurry for the good deeds you can do before death catches up with you."
"O people! Avoid opposing the commandments of Allah, for avoidance
from opposing Allah's commandments is a loot… A servant of Allah
should fear from being resurrected blind although he was the one
able to see. A single word is sufficient for the one who understands
wisdom. Those who are deaf in soul already do not hear the right. Be
aware that that person fears nothing if Allah is with him."
The news of Hazrat Uthman's (ra) martyrdom was given by our Prophet (saas)
Our Prophet (saas) sent a messenger to Hazrat Uthman (ra) to call him
and when he came he told him:
"You will be murdered and die a martyr! Be patient. May Allah give
you patience."
"Never take off the shirt of Caliphate that Allah will put on you
for ten years and six months." While Hazrat Uthman (ra) was
leaving, our Prophet (saas) told him: "May Allah grant you
patience. You will be martyred while you will be fasting and you
will break your fast with me!" (Imam Suyuti, our Prophet (saas)
with his Extraordinary Features , Iz Publishing, Istanbul, 2003,
p.729)
Hazrat Uthman (ra) was martyred on 35 Hijr (the year 657 according
to the Gregorian Calendar) by some rebels in his home.
Our Prophet's (saas) words about Hazrat Uthman (ra)
"Uthman is the one with the most sense of shame in the ummah and the
most graceful."
"Every prophet has a companion in the Garden. My companion there is Uthman."
"My Lord! Remove Uthman's grief and sorrow on the Day of Judgment,
for he removed much of our grief."
"Uthman is from me, and I am from Uthman."
General Articles, - How do our cells recognize and bind to one another?
Every cell that multiplies and divides as the embryo develops knows
what its task is and heads towards the relevant location in the
body. Bone cells locate other bone cells and adhere to them, while
eye cells bind to eye cells and other cells to others of their kind.
Let us now examine these statements with care.
Every cell that multiplies and divides knows what its task is. In
these images you are looking at, you are seeing a fertilized egg
multiply and divide. As the number of cells grows, cells begin
grouping together. It is at this stage that the decision is taken as
to what tasks these cells will undertake in the body. Some cells
group together as muscle cells, others as nerve cells and others
again as bone cells.
So how and why do these millions of constantly multiplying cells
decide to become nerve, heart, muscle or liver cells?
Scientists discovered that cells use calcium in order to join
together. They first combined and separated various embryonic cells
in a laboratory environment by reducing the amount of calcium. The
cells in this calcium-deprived environment could not combine
together. They then added calcium to these cells and saw that cells
of the same type recognized one another and joined together. In
other words, all liver cells, heart cells, stomach cells and all the
other types of cells recognize each other, come together and give
rise to the relevant organ.
But how is it that these cells find one another, making no mistakes,
and combine to create an organ?
Combination takes place in three stages; cell activation, mutual
recognition and finally binding together.
Cell activation takes place with micro- protrusions which resemble
fingers on the surface of the cell. By means of these protrusions,
a bone cell moves along millions of developing cells and finds
another bone cell to adhere to. But in order for a cell to move
among millions of cells, the fluid inside the cell has to be of just
the right thickness. If the fluid were a little bit thicker, the
cell could not bear the resistance, and therefore could not move.
That would make it impossible for cells to produce first a tissue
and then later an organ.
THAT IS, IF CELLS DID NOT MOVE, our organs would not be formed.
The answer to the question of how a liver cell recognizes another
liver cell lies in the wondrous proteins on the cell membrane.
Known as cadherins , these proteins first move toward the cell
surface before binding takes place. They settle on the cell
membrane and form a bridge between the inside of the cell and the
outside. There are various types of cadherins. When two cells with
the same cadherin molecules make contact, they recognize one
another and binding begins. During the binding process, molecules
on both the inside and outside of the cell become involved and
establish a glorious cooperation together. The cadherin protein
has the ability to bind to that part of the calcium remaining
outside the cell. That is why calcium is one of the chemicals
necessary for cells to bind to one another.
Nerve cells that recognize one another during embryonic development
fold in on themselves after binding together. This takes place as
cells with the same kind of cadherin bind together. When this
process is over, all the nerve cells gather together in a single
layer.
Two binding molecules use the force of attraction to join together.
In order for a force of attraction to be established between cells,
the distance between the two surfaces of the binding molecules has
to be less than one nanometer and they have to be at the same level.
While it is difficult for these conditions to be met the cells
still manage to combine togetherbecause the force of attraction is
capable of bearing a load of 40 nanograms; if the force of
attraction between cells were not that strong, it would be
impossible for one cell to bind to another. Allah has created this
force attraction in such a sensitive manner that this bond permits
both a very powerful binding force among cells as well as providing
for a degree of flexibility, meaning it can be dissolved when
necessary.
If our cells lacked this superb functioning that allows them to
identify one another, we could not survive because in the event of
any sickness, our red blood corpuscles would be unable to defend
the body, our blood would not clot and, most important of all, the
cells that give rise to our organs during embryonic development
could not combine together.
This flawless functioning in our bodies is one of the manifestations
of Allah's glorious creative artistry.
I take refuge in Allah from the satan;
Does not man recall that We created him before when he was not
anything? (Surah Maryam, 67)
what its task is and heads towards the relevant location in the
body. Bone cells locate other bone cells and adhere to them, while
eye cells bind to eye cells and other cells to others of their kind.
Let us now examine these statements with care.
Every cell that multiplies and divides knows what its task is. In
these images you are looking at, you are seeing a fertilized egg
multiply and divide. As the number of cells grows, cells begin
grouping together. It is at this stage that the decision is taken as
to what tasks these cells will undertake in the body. Some cells
group together as muscle cells, others as nerve cells and others
again as bone cells.
So how and why do these millions of constantly multiplying cells
decide to become nerve, heart, muscle or liver cells?
Scientists discovered that cells use calcium in order to join
together. They first combined and separated various embryonic cells
in a laboratory environment by reducing the amount of calcium. The
cells in this calcium-deprived environment could not combine
together. They then added calcium to these cells and saw that cells
of the same type recognized one another and joined together. In
other words, all liver cells, heart cells, stomach cells and all the
other types of cells recognize each other, come together and give
rise to the relevant organ.
But how is it that these cells find one another, making no mistakes,
and combine to create an organ?
Combination takes place in three stages; cell activation, mutual
recognition and finally binding together.
Cell activation takes place with micro- protrusions which resemble
fingers on the surface of the cell. By means of these protrusions,
a bone cell moves along millions of developing cells and finds
another bone cell to adhere to. But in order for a cell to move
among millions of cells, the fluid inside the cell has to be of just
the right thickness. If the fluid were a little bit thicker, the
cell could not bear the resistance, and therefore could not move.
That would make it impossible for cells to produce first a tissue
and then later an organ.
THAT IS, IF CELLS DID NOT MOVE, our organs would not be formed.
The answer to the question of how a liver cell recognizes another
liver cell lies in the wondrous proteins on the cell membrane.
Known as cadherins , these proteins first move toward the cell
surface before binding takes place. They settle on the cell
membrane and form a bridge between the inside of the cell and the
outside. There are various types of cadherins. When two cells with
the same cadherin molecules make contact, they recognize one
another and binding begins. During the binding process, molecules
on both the inside and outside of the cell become involved and
establish a glorious cooperation together. The cadherin protein
has the ability to bind to that part of the calcium remaining
outside the cell. That is why calcium is one of the chemicals
necessary for cells to bind to one another.
Nerve cells that recognize one another during embryonic development
fold in on themselves after binding together. This takes place as
cells with the same kind of cadherin bind together. When this
process is over, all the nerve cells gather together in a single
layer.
Two binding molecules use the force of attraction to join together.
In order for a force of attraction to be established between cells,
the distance between the two surfaces of the binding molecules has
to be less than one nanometer and they have to be at the same level.
While it is difficult for these conditions to be met the cells
still manage to combine togetherbecause the force of attraction is
capable of bearing a load of 40 nanograms; if the force of
attraction between cells were not that strong, it would be
impossible for one cell to bind to another. Allah has created this
force attraction in such a sensitive manner that this bond permits
both a very powerful binding force among cells as well as providing
for a degree of flexibility, meaning it can be dissolved when
necessary.
If our cells lacked this superb functioning that allows them to
identify one another, we could not survive because in the event of
any sickness, our red blood corpuscles would be unable to defend
the body, our blood would not clot and, most important of all, the
cells that give rise to our organs during embryonic development
could not combine together.
This flawless functioning in our bodies is one of the manifestations
of Allah's glorious creative artistry.
I take refuge in Allah from the satan;
Does not man recall that We created him before when he was not
anything? (Surah Maryam, 67)
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