Personalities, - Hazrat Ali ul Murtaza, - Introduction of Hazrat Ali RadiAllahAnho

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HIS POSITION IN THE SILSILA:Ameer al-Momineen, Asadullahil Ghalib, Haidar-e-Karaar Hadrat Sayyiduna Ali al-Murtuda Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu are the second Imam of the Silsila Aaliyah Qaadiriyah Barakaatiyah Razaviyyah Nooriyah.
BLESSED NAME:His name is Ali and is known as Abul Hassan and Abu Turab and his titles are Murtuda, Asadullah and Haidar-e-Karraar.
HIS FATHER:His father was Abu Taalib and Grandfather Abdul Mutallib. Abu Taalib is the uncle of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam.
HIS MOTHER:His mother's name was Faatima bint Asad, bin Haashim, bin Abd Munaaf. Her Janazah was performed by Rasoolullah SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam, and he gave his blessed Qamees (Kurta) to be used as her kaffan (shroud). He prepared her grave and first he himself laid down in her grave, so that it will be comfortable for her in the grave, and so that she may be adorned in the Garb of Jannat.[Noor al-Absaar]
MIRACULOUS EVENTS IN THE WOMB OF HIS MOTHER:When Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was in the womb of his mother, then she used to see astonishing dreams. She says, “When I was pregnant with Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu, some bright people came to me and gave me glad tidings, and for as long as he was in womb, I felt very different, and whenever I intended to prostrate before the idols, I would have a severe pain in my stomach. In this way, I could not prostrate to any idol.”[Masaalik as-Saalikeen]
HIS BIRTH:Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was born on a Friday. Some narrations quote the date as the 13th of Muharram and others state the 13th of Rajab. His birth occurred 30 years after the incident of Feel. He was born inside the Holy Kaa'ba, and none has been blessed with this excellence before him.[Noor al-Absaar]
His mother said, “When he was born, he did not drink milk for three days, and this, caused great sadness in my home. This message reached Rasoolullah SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. The Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam arrived and took Sayyiduna Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu in his blessed arms and showed great love to him. He then placed his tongue in the mouth of Sayyiduna Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and Hadrat Ali suckled on the tongue of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam and thereafter started to drink milk.”
When Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was five years old, the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam kept him at his blessed home and took care of him. He was thus groomed in the home of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam until he was ten years old.
HIS FEATURES:Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was of excellent built and not very tall in height. He was tan in colour and very handsome. His face was very beautiful and would always be shining like the full moon. He had huge, black shining eyes. His shoulders were broad and well built like that of a lion. His beard was long and full. His body was very muscular, and his body was covered by a lot of hair. His hands and wrists were very strong and firm. If he gripped anyone with his hands, the person would not be able to breath. His thighs and legs were also very strong and firm. He walked very swiftly in the manner that the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam walked. He was so healthy, that if he wished, he wore summer clothes in winter and winter clothes in summer.[Masaalik as-Saalikeen]
FAMILY TREE:Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu son of Abu Taalib son of Abdul Mutalib son of Abd Munaaf son of Qasi son of Kilaab son of Marrah son of Lawi son of Ghaalib son of Fahar son of Maalik son of Nuzar son of Kinaana.[Tareekh al-Khulafa]
HE ACCEPTS ISLAM:Almighty Allah commanded the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam to propagate Islam amongst his family first and to correct their habits and behaviour. This, the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam did and he first invited to Islam, Bibi Khadija Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. He also invited Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu who happily accepted Islam. He was the first amongst the youth (children) to accept Islam.[Ikmaal fi Asmaa ar-Rijaal]
HIS EXCELLENCE:Allama ibn Hajr Makki Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu writes in Zawaajir, that Hadrat Ameer Muawiyah Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu asked Zar’raar to explain the qualities of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. He said, “His knowledge was vast. He was Aarif billaah, and strict in the issues of Deen. His spoke words of righteousness which differentiated right from wrong. His every decision was full of justice. He did not desire the pomp and splendour of this world. The night and the silence of the night was very dear to him. He would often cry in the fear of Almighty Allah, and he would sometimes be in deep meditation. He was always quick in assisting others. He always shunned his nafs. He preferred thick clothing. He ate any food that was present, and did not give preference to its taste. When he was amongst us, he seemed like one of us and did not care about his status. Whenever anyone called him, he went to them. Even though he was so humble and we were so close to him, we still were very afraid to talk to him. He always respected those who were inclined to religious affairs. His friends were the poor and the needy. Even if a person was very famous and was guilty, he knew that his case would not be compromised by Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. A weak person never feared that he would look down upon him, due to his weakness.”
Zar’raar then swore an Oath (Qasm) and said, “I saw that when it became dark and even the stars were hidden, he was standing in the Mimbar and firmly holding his beard and was in a state as if a snake had bitten him. He was weeping and calling out to Almighty Allah. He was saying, ‘O Materialistic World, O Materialistic World! You have turned towards me. You have looked at me. Stay away from me! Stay away from me! Go and try to deceive someone else. I have given you three irrevocable divorces, in other words I have left you, because your age is less, your pleasures are destructive and there is much fear by being with you.’ He used to be sad about himself and would spend his time weeping the fear of Allah.”
When Hadrat Ameer Muawiyah Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu heard this, he began to weep so bitterly that tears ran down to his beard, and he could not stop weeping, until he wiped his tears with his sleeves. The entire gathering also wept. Hadrat Ameer Muawiyah then said this as he wept, “Allah have mercy on Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. I swear by Allah, he was just as you have explained him to be.”[Masaalik as-Saalikeen]
He is the fourth Khalifa of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam and a lot has been said by great scholars in his praise. His praise is also present in the verses of the Quran and in the Hadith of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. Hadrat Imam Muhammad Ghazzali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu write in Ihyaa al-Uloom that on the night of Hijrat, when Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was asleep in the blessed bed of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam, Almighty Allah sent wahi to Hadrat Jibraeel and Hadrat Mikaeel (alaihimus salaam) that, “I have made the two of you brothers to one another and I made the age of one from amongst you more than that of the other. Is there any from amongst you that will give part of your age to the other?”
None answered from both of them. Almighty Allah said, “The both of you are not the example of Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. I have made him the brother of my Beloved Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. Look, he is asleep in the bed of his brother and is willing to sacrifice his life for him. Both of you go to earth and protect him from his enemies. Hadrat Jibraeel u descended and stood at the head side of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and Hadrat Israfeel u stood at his feet, protecting him for the entire night.” It was on this, that Almighty Allah revealed the verse, “Some person sells his life in pleasing Allah, and Allah is Most compassionate towards his servants.” (Surah Baqara)[Kashful Mahjoob, Page 260]
Hadrat Ibn Abbas Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu reports that once Hadrat Imam Hassan and Imam Hussain Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu were very ill. The Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam, Hadrat Abu Bakr and Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhum) came to visit the children. On leaving the Sahaba-e-Kiraam requested that Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu take some Nazr (vow) on behalf of the children. Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu, Bibi Faatima Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and their female servant all took the vow to keep three fasts each, so that Almighty Allah may bless both the children with shifa. All three of them kept the first fast, but there was nothing in the house for Iftaar. Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu then bought three portions of flour on credit from a jew called Sham'oon. He gave one portion to Bibi Faatima Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu, who made five breads with the flour. As the time of Iftaar arrived, and they were about to eat, a beggar came to their door and said, “Salaam upon you O Ahle Bait of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. I am a poor Muslim from amongst the poor Muslims. Please feed me with something and Allah shall feed you from the bounties of Jannat.” When they heard this, all of them gave their bread to him, and they slept just by drinking water. The next day, they sat for Iftaar when they heard someone say, “I am an Orphan. Please assist me.” Again, all of them gave their share of food to him. This happened on the third day again, when a captive asked for food, they gave all their food to him. When morning came, Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu took Imam Hassan and Hussain (Radi Allahu Anhum) to visit the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. When he saw how weak the children were, he went to Bibi Faatima Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and saw that she too had become weak. This caused much sadness to the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. It was then, that Hadrat Jibraeel Alaihis Salam descended with this verse of the Quran, “And they feed the poor, orphan and captive in His love.”[Masaalik as-Saalikeen, Vol 1, Page 145]
This verse of the Holy Quran was also revealed in praise of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu, “Those who spend their wealth in charity during the night and the day, (both) discreetly and openly. For them, they have a generous reward by their Lord. They have no fear nor do they have any grief.”
Hadrat ibn Abbas Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu states that Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu had only four dirhams with him. He distributed one dirham as charity at night and one dirham in the day. He then gave one dirham discreetly and one dirham openly. It was on this, that the above mentioned verse of the Quran was revealed.[Masaalik as-Saalikeen, Vol 1 Page 147]
Hadrat Dharr bin Hubaish Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu reports that Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu said, “I swear in His Name who caused a tree to explode from a seedling and who created life, that the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam said to me, ‘O Ali! Only he shall have true love for you, who is a Momin and he who has enmity against you is a hypocrite.’”
Hadrat Imraan bin Haseen Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu reports that the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam said, “Ali is mine and I am his, and he is the beloved of all the believers.”[Sunan al-Tirmidhi]
Hadrat Sahl ibn Saad Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu says, “On the day of Khaibar, the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam said, ‘Tomorrow I shall give this flag in the hand of that person, through whom Almighty Allah shall grant us victory. That person loves Allah and His Rasool SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam, and Allah and His Rasool SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam love him.’ When morning came, all the companions of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam came into the court of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam hoping that they would be the one who shall be chosen in whose hand the flag shall be given, but the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam asked, ‘Where is Ali bin Abi Taalib Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu?’ It was said that his eyes were sore through an infection. The Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam said, ‘Call him’ He was thus called and the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam put his blessed saliva into his eyes and they became well, as if they were never sore. He SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam then gave the flag in his hand.”[Sahih Bukhari - Sahih Muslim]
HIS CHARACTER:The life of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was a beautiful example of good character. It is stated that even though he was blessed with an exalted status, he never showed himself to be above others. He always lived a very simple and humble life. He also helped with the household chores. He would often be seen sewing a patch in his torn clothing. Even when the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam had commanded the Sahaba to dig a trench, Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu worked like an ordinary labourer.
HIS KINDNESS AND GENEROSITY:He was a very kind and generous personality. He never caused pain to anyone. Even if someone committed an error, he explained to him with great kindness and love. Hadrat Abu Dhar Ghaffari Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu says, “Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was very exalted, brave, Truthful, soft hearted and kind. The desire to help the poor flowed in him like the huge waves of the sea. He used to travel far away from home, to assist the sick, old, poor, orphans, crippled and downtrodden.”
HIS BRAVERY:Hadrat Abbas Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu says, “Sayyiduna Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu is the bravest amongst the people.” It is for this reason that he is known as “Ashja'un Naas”. Volumes can be written only on the bravery of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. Hadrat Abu Dharr Ghaffari Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu reports that before Hijrat, when the kufaar were planning to martyr the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. (The incident of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu sleeping that night on the blessed bed of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam has already been explained in this book) and it also showed his bravery and his faith in the Holy Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. He partook in all the great battles except in the Battle of Tabook. During one battle, Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and Hadrat Zubair bin Al Awaan Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu killed 700 kufaar of the Banu Quraiza, in one day.[Madarij an-Nabuwwah]
Hadrat Abu Raafi' Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu says that during the battle of Khaibar, the shield of Sayyiduna Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was damaged. He went forward in the Love of Allah and His Rasool SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam and uprooted the Door of the Fort of Khaibar with his bare hands and used it as a shied. After the battle, forty strong men together could not move the door from where it has kept by Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu.[Zarkani, Vol 2, Page 230 - Taareekh al-Khulafa, Page 33]
BAY’AT AND KHILAAFAT:Ibn As’ad says that all the people of Madinah Munawwarah took the oath of allegiance at the hands of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. Hadrat Ali's Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu Khilafat lasted for 4 years 8 months and 9 days.[Tareekh al-Khulafa]
HIS VAST KNOWLEDGE:Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu attained great knowledge from the holy court of Rasoolullah SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. Hadrat Abu Amar reports from Abu Tufail, that Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu said, “Ask me whatever you wish from the Quran. There is no ayat that I am not aware of. I even know whether it was revealed during the day or night, or it was revealed on soft our mountainous land.”[Jaami' al-Manaqib]
Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu narrated five hundred and eighty six Ahadith (Sayings) of Rasoolullah SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. His knowledge, wisdom and decisions were so great that Hadrat Umar a-Farooq Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu says, “The best judge amongst all the saHaba is Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu.”
Hadrat Saeed ibn Habeeb Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu says, “There was no person in Madinah Munawwarah except Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu who could say, ‘Ask me what ever you want to know’”
Hadrat Abdullah ibn Mas'ood Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was also the possessor of great knowledge, but he too used to openly announce the following, “None has more knowledge of the Fara'idh than Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and none has more understanding than him.” Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu says, “If I wished to compile the commentary of Sura Fateh, then I would be able to load 40 camels with books (from this tafseer).”
LOVE FOR HADRAT ALI:The Muhaditheen have recorded that Hadrat Ali al-Murtuda Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu said, “The Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam said the following words about me, ‘You have a special attachment with Hadrat Esa Alaihis Salam. The Jews hated him so bitterly that (Allah forbid) they accused his pure mother Bibi Maryam Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and the Christians went over the limitations in his love to such an extent, that (Allah forbid) they called him the son of Allah. Beware, since there will also be two groups in your case. One will be those, who in your love will hold you in such esteem, that they will transgress the limitations and the other group, will be those who will have dislike for you, and they shall target you with their accusations.’”
From these blessed words, it is evident that both the Kharijis and Shi'as are Misled and that the proper ones are the Ahle Sunnat wa al-Jama’at, who show great love to Sayyiduna Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and yet we do not transgress the limitations.
HIS POETRY:In eloquence and command of language, there is none that can be equal to the people of Arabia. They have the ability to render beautiful impromptu verses of prose. Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was also a very great poet. He wrote Praises to Allah, and many poems in praise of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam, which can be found in the books of history and Seerah. A few stanzas of his poems are being presented for attaining blessings.
Radeena Qismatal Jabaari feena
Lana ilmuw wa lil Juhhaali Maalu
“We are pleased with that which our Lord has distributed
That, he blessed me with knowledge and the ignorant with wealth.”
Li Annal Maala Yufni Anqareebin
wa Innal ilma Yabqaa Laa Yazaalu
“Because very soon, the wealth will become less and be finished
And knowledge will remain, for there is no end for it.”
WIVES AND CHILDREN:There are numerous opinions of the Ulama on the wives of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and how many they were. However, his first wife was Bibi Faatima Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu, the daughter of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam. He was not allowed to remarry as long as she was in his Nikah. His second wife was Bibi Imaama, who was the grand daughter of the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam and the daughter of Sayyida Zainab Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. He married her because Bibi Faatima Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu asked him to do so before she passed away. His third wife was Hadrat Aasma bint Umais Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. She was married to his brother Hadrat Jaafar Tayyaar Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. After his demise, she married Hadrat Abu Bakr Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and after his demise, she came into the Nikah of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. His fourth wife was Hadrat Khaula bint Jaafar bin Qais Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. His fifth wife was Umm al-Baneen Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu, His sixth wife was Umme Habeeb bint Rabiaa Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu, His seventh was Sayyida Laila bint Mas’ood Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu, His eight wife was Umme Sa’ad bint Urwah and his ninth wife’s name is not known. There are numerous narrations concerning the number of children. Mufti Ahmad Yaar Khan Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu said twelve sons and nine daughters. Allama Muhammad Mia Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu has mentioned 18 sons and 18 daughters.
INCIDENTS RELATING TO HIS SHAHAADAT:The shahaadat of Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was a very painful event in the history of Islam. Three Kharijies, Abdur Rahmaan bin Muljim, Bark bin Abdullah Tameemi and Amr bin Bukair Tameemi, planned to martyr Hadrat Ali, Hadrat Ameer Muawiyah and Hadrat Amr ibn al-A’as (Ridwaanullahi Ta'ala Alaihim Ajmaeen) on the same day. These traitors planned to attack these Sahaba Kiraam Ridwaanullahi Ta'ala Alaihim Ajmaeen) on the 17th of Ramadaan 40 Hijri. Bark went to Syria and attacked Hadrat Ameer Muawiyah Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu who was only injured and was not martyred. Bark was captured. His hands and feet were cut off, and he was set free. Amr bin Bakeer went to Egypt to martyr Hadrat Amr ibn al-'Aas Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. On that day, Hadrat Amr Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was ill and he appointed Sahl Aamiri or Khaarija to perform the Namaaz. Thinking that he was Hadrat Amr Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu, Ibn Bukair attacked and killed him. He was captured and taken to Hadrat Amr Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and was killed. Early that morning Hadrat Ali awoke and told Hadrat Imam Hussain Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu that he had seen the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam in his dream. He said, “I told the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam that I had attained no comfort from his Ummah. The Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam said that I should curse the tyrants, and I made this dua, ‘O Allah! Take me away from these people and put me amongst better people and put such a person in my place who will be very bad for them.”
Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was still talking to Hadrat Imam Hasan Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu when the Muazzin announced the time for Salaah. Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu walked towards the Masjid for Salaah and as he entered the Masjid, Ibn Muljim the cursed came from behind a pillar and struck Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu on his blessed face, with a sword that was dipped in poison. The people in the Masjid arrested him and brought him before Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu. He said, “Imprison him, but make a soft bed for him and give him good food. If I survive, then I have the right to forgive him or avenge what he has done and if I pass away, then kill him also.”
Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu passed away on the 21st of Ramadan from the severe injury caused by the attack on him. He passed away at the age of 63.
HIS FINAL ADVICE:Before his wisaal, he called Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain (Radi Allahu Anhum) and said, “I advice you to remain pious and do not wish for the world even if it wishes for you. And if you lose any worldly belonging, then do not cry over it. Have mercy on the orphans, and help the weak.” He then turned to one of his sons, Hadrat Muhammad bin Hanafiyah Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu and gave him the same advice. He then read the Kalima and his soul travelled from this mundane world in to the heights of the hereafter. Inna Lillaahi wa Inna Ilaihi Raaji'oon!!
GHUSL AND KAFFAN:Hadrat Imam Hasan, Imam Hussain and Abdullah ibn Jaa'far (Ridwaanullahi Ta'ala Alaihim Ajma'een) gave him ghusl and tied his kaffan, which was three pieces of cloth. Hadrat Imam Hasan Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu lead his Janaaza Salaah.[Taareekh al-Khulafa]
MAZAAR-E-PAAK:There are numerous narrations relating to his Mazaar Shareef, but the most famous narration is that it is in Najf Ashraf in Iraq.
THE AQIDA OF THE AHL AS-SUNNAH WA AL-JAMA’AH
Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu was blessed with many beautiful qualities and splendours. It is the belief of the Ahle Sunnat wa al-Jama’ah that Hadrat Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu is the fourth Khalifa of Islam, which the Shias reject and thus oppose the other Khulafa. The belief of the Shias in this issue of Khilafat and in other related issues is totally corrupt. The Ahle Sunnat Wa Jama’at should stay away from them and keep them away from us. The Great Imam Aa'dham Abu Hanifa Sayyidi Nau'man bin Thaabit Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu says, “The most exalted amongst the people after Huzoor SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam are Hadrat Abu Bakr, then Hadrat Umar, then Hadrat Uthman, then Hadrat Ali (Ridwaanullahi Ta'aala Alaihim Ajma'een).”
Dar Qutni have recorded in his Sunan that Syeduna Ali Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho said, “Whoever says that I (Ali) am more excellent than Abu Bakr and Umar, I shall punish him with the Hadd of a Slanderer.”[as-Sawaa'iq al-MuHarriqah, Page 91]
The same narration is recorded in the famous Asma ar-Rijal book of Shia Madh'hab named, Rijal-e-Kashi, Page Number 338, Printed in Karbala.
The son of Sayyiduna Ali, Imaam Muhammad bin Hanafiyya narrates: 'I asked my father who was the best of people after the Holy Prophet and he answered "Abu Bakr". I asked him who is the best of people after Abu Bakr and he replied, "Umar"'[Sahih Bukhari, Vol 1, Page 518]
Hadrat Abdullah bin Salma reports from Sayyiduna Ali, 'After the Noble Messenger, the best of people is Abu Bakr, then the best of people is Umar'[Sunan Ibn Majah, Page 11]
Hadrat Imam Jalal al-Din Suyooti Alaihir raHma records that Syeduna ALI Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho said, “The most exalted amongst the people after Beloved Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam are Hadrat Abu Bakr and Hadrat Umar. And it is impossible for a heart of a Momin that My Love and Hatred towards Abu Bakr and Umar Radi ALLAHu Anhum resides together.”[Tarikh al-Khulafa, Page 122]
Sayyiduna Gawth al-Aa'zam Sheikh Abdul Qaadir Jilaani Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anhu says, “The Aqida of the Ahle Sunnat wa al-Jama’ah is this, that the Ummah of the Prophet Muhammad SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam is the Greatest of all Ummahs, and from the Ummah, the greatest are the Asharah al-Mubasharah. These are ten personalities, namely, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Talha, Zubair, Abdur Rahman bin Auf, Sa'ad, Sa'eed and Abu Ubaidah Al Jarah (Ridwaanullahi Ta'ala Alaihim Ajma'een). From these ten, the most exalted are the Khulafa ar-Raashideen. From the four of them, the most exalted is Abu Bakr as-Siddique, then Umar al-Farooq, then Uthman al-Ghani and then Ali al-Murtuda.” (Ridwaanullahi Ta'ala Alaihim Ajma'een).

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General Articles, - The way to escape selfishness and egotism is through the moral values of Islam

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·What damage does selfishness and egotism do to society?
· How can selfish and egotistical societies escape this spiritual sickness?
Omniscient Allah has created the human soul with a predisposition to selfishness as a test. Unless he lives by the moral values of the Qur’an and tames his earthly desires, this feeling will come to dominate his whole moral framework. Such a person generally thinks of himself alone, rather than everyone else. He always wants the best, finest and most perfect of everything for himself. He wants to have possessions and children and for his own family merely to be comfortable. Whenever he encounters any difficulties he will expect the people around him to undergo all kinds of risks and troubles for him and to support him, even at the cost of their own interests. He seeks to protect his own whims and interests and to ensure his own ease and comfort. When the situation is different he can forgo many things he values, for the sake of protecting his own interests and preventing any harm coming to him. Allah has revealed this passionate selfish feeling in human earthly desires as follows in the Qur’an:
" Truly man was created headstrong –
desperate when bad things happen,
begrudging when good things come –.”(Surat al-Ma’arij, 19–21)
Selfishness and Egotism Are a Major Threat to Modern Societies
The materialist, Darwinist thinking that is widespread in modern societies that do not live by religious moral values reinforces the selfish and egotistical spirit in human nature and disseminates a “me-first” philosophy. Indeed, the idea of “ So long as I’m all right, who cares what happens to anyone else?” or “Looking out for number one” generally dominates such societies. But selfishness and egotism are a major threat to society because ideas like truth, justice and law vanish in such a society . Feelings such as beauty, love, affection, compassion and respect become regarded as unnecessary. Thus, people who are oppressed and slaughtered, innocent babies, people who lack the money for proper hospital treatment, or who have to wait for hours or even days in hospital queues, despite being old or weak, people who are forced out of their homes or lands because of their faiths and tiny, defenseless children thrown out onto the streets to survive as best they can are of no interest to such people. This structure generally leads to a troubled and unhappy air in society.
This structure among people and societies who are selfish, loveless, aggressive, who protect their own interests and violate everyone else’s, who wear a harsh mask and who have no love or fear of Allah, can only be eliminated through people living by the moral values of the Qur’an, as Islam and cultivating love of Allah is the only way to acquire such instances of good conscience as compassion and helpfulness, features at the root of Qur’anic moral values, and to escape selfishness and egotism. Our Lord reveals how the Qur’an leads people from the darkness to the light as follows:
“… A Light has come to you from Allah and a Clear Book.
By it, Allah guides those who follow what pleases Him to the ways of Peace. He will bring them from the darkness to the light by His permission, and guide them to a straight path.” (Surat al-Ma’ida, 15-16)
People Can Only Protect and Watch over One Another with Love and Fear of Allah
Fear and love of Allah enables people to submit themselves to Him, to see the best in everything and to have compassion. In the verses Allah reveals how the only interest of concern to believers is His approval:
“ They fulfill their vows and fear a Day whose evil will spread far and wide.
They give food, despite their love for it,to the poor and orphans and captives:
‘We feed you only out of desire for the Face of Allah. We do not want any repayment from you or any thanks.
Truly We fear from our Lord a glowering, calamitous Day.’
So Allah has safeguarded them from the evil of that Day and has made them meet with radiance and pure joy.”(Surat al-Insan, 7-11)
Our Prophet’s (saas) words that “ He who goes to bed full when his neighbor is hungry is not one of us” is an important warning that believers desire to earn Allah’s approval. Therefore, anyone aiming to earn Allah’s approval will not just settle for a solution to his own problems; he will also assume responsibility for resolving the problems of others around him in need. This may of course require people to give up things they love or to sacrifice their own comfort. The way that Muslims look to protect and watch over the poor by giving alms, help people in need by canceling their debts and spend their possessions on Allah’s path, rather than accumulating and hoarding them, are moral virtues bestowed by the ethical values of the Qur’an.
Responding to people’s needs and treating them kindly are forms of behavior that prevent atrophocation of the conscience. Empathizing with others, treating the needy with affection and showing respect and love make it possible to eliminate cruelty and selfishness. Verses reveal that the reward for good behavior comes in the Presence of Allah:
“ Worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him. Be good to your parents and relatives and to orphans and the very poor, and to neighbors who are related to you and neighbors who are not related to you, and to companions and travelers and your slaves. Allah does not love anyone vain or boastful.” (Surat an-Nisa’, 36)
In modern, Darwinist societies one frequently encounters people who look gloomy, keep their eyes fixed on the ground, walking around never greeting or speaking to anyone. But because of the climate of peace and security that Islam provides in those model societies in which Islamic moral values prevail, everyone will trust and love everyone else, greet people, and be their friends.
Faith perfects people’s behavior, as it does so many other traits. A believer who constantly heeds his conscience as required by religious moral values will always behave in the best, most considerate, trust- inspiring and tolerant manner. Someone possessed of these moral attributes has earned merit for his own life in the hereafter. At the same time, he is instrumental in freeing the world from its self-interested and selfish nature, and making it a place of the delights of Islam.
The Moral Values of the Qur’an Bestow Altruism, Love and Kindness on People
Someone aware that his purpose in this world is to earn the approval, mercy and ultimately the paradise of Allah can never remain unmoved by and insensitive to what goes on around him. He knows that everything is an opportunity to gain the approval of Allah and always acts out of that awareness. The flaws or oppression he sees around him will trouble his conscience. For example, he will feel himself responsible for a child with no family forced to live out on the streets. As Allah reveals in the verses,"So as for orphans, do not oppress them, and as for beggars, do not berate them.” (Surat ad-Duha, 9-10), andhe will treat them well. He will strive to help them out of their predicament. However, he knows that the child in question cannot be saved solely through him and those around him behaving well. He will therefore strive to ensure that everyone lives by the moral values of the Qur’an. This is a major responsibility incumbent on all Muslims. Allah promises a fine outcome for those who assume a great and honorable responsibility:
“Allah has promised those of you who have faith and do right actions that He will make them successors in the land as He made those before them successors, and will firmly establish for them their religion with which He is pleased and give them, in place of their fear, security. ‘They worship Me, not associating anything with Me.’ Any who are unbeliever after that, such people are deviators.”(Surat an-Nur, 55)
“[There are men who are] not distracted by trade or commerce from the remembrance of Allah and the establishment of prayer and the payment of alms ; fearing a day when all hearts and eyes will be in turmoil –“ (Surat an-Nur, 37)
The goods and children in the verses are blessings created by Allah. Of course one may strive to secure a good profession, to have a family or to have a business that will bring in a good income. But these must never become one’s fundamental reason for living, and they must never cause one to forget to remember Allah, to strive for the hereafter and to seek Allah’s approval. On the contrary, they must all be means whereby one lives more by the moral values of the Qur’an and can earn the approval of Allah. Otherwise, as revealed in the words of the above verses, they will inflict disappointment on themselves, and they may turn into things that cause a person to suffer loss in this world and the hereafter and suffer great afflictions.
One of the reasons underlying the ability to find a permanent solution to the myriad problems of modern society is moral flaws such as selfishness, self-interest, greed and apathy. The only way of eliminating these flaws is to tell people of the ethics and morals represented by the Qur’an, and remind people that the price for disregarding good conscience will have to be paid in the hereafter.

General Articles, - Accounts on the King Messiah [Hazrat Mahdi (pbuh)] in the Zohar

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Only a few number of young people will gather around him:
…THOSE WHO ARE CALLED in the verse 'CHILDREN' ('YOUNG'), will gather to him. THEY ARE FEW IN THE WORLD, and in the merit of school children, the strength of Mesiah will grow greatly.And this is the secret of the young in the verse. (15. Shemot: 15. The coming of Messiah, verse 130)
Rise of a star from the east side:
After 40 days, the pillar will stand from the earth to the heaven before the eyes of the whole world, andMessiah will be revealed.THERE WILL ARISE FROM THE EAST SIDE A STARthat will glow with variety of colors, and seven other stars will surround that star and will war with it on all sides, three times a day up to seventy days. And all the people of the world will see. (15. Shemot: 15. The coming of Messiah, verse 101)
Then the seventh window will be opened to the whole world, andits star is the star of Jacob. This is what Bila'am said,"There shall come a star out of Jacob"(Bemidbar 24:17),and this star will illuminate for forty days.When King Messiah will be revealedand all the nations of the world will gather before him,this passage will be fulfilled." (Yeshayah 11:10). (21. Trumah: 86. The stars, verse 860)
The disappearance of King Messiah [Hz. Mahdi (pbuh)]:
After seventy days, that star will be hidden andMessiah will be concealed for up to twelve months. Then the pillar of fire will return as originally, and in it Messiah will be concealed, and that pillar is invisible. (15. Shemot: 15. The coming of Messiah, verse 102)
Many signs will be seen with the coming ofKing Messiah [Hz. Mahdi (pbuh)]:
When Messiah awakens, so many other signs and miracles will be aroused in the world. (15. Shemot: 15. The coming of Messiah, verse 106)
In the time of King Messiah [Hazrat Mahdi (pbuh)] the holy treasures will be revealed:
All the celestial treasures and all the hidden mysteries will not be revealed until the days of King Messiah.(19. Yitro: 19. "and all the people saw the voices", verse 299)
There will be pressure on real pious people and good people:
Before the coming of the Messiah, the Mishnah [Torah interpretation] scholars, sages of supernal wisdom, scholars of Kabbalah, scholars of the secrets in the Torah,will have a time of hardship, as they have nothing to support them. (32. Acharei Mot: 36. The seventy sounds of a woman in labor, verse 211)
Atthat time, She is opened to give birth to Messiah. This is owing to the pain and distress of the pious, men of good qualities, sages of secrets of the Torah, people of humility and shame, of fear and love, of kindness, men of valor, fearing Elohim [God], truthful men, who despise bribes, for whom it is a time of poverty. In the times in which the son of David [King Messiah] will come, a valiant men will go circulating from city to city but will not be shown favor. Those that fear sin will be despised.(32. Acharei Mot: 36. The seventy sounds of a woman in labor, verse 213)
Before the emergence ofKing Messiah [Hz. Mahdi (pbuh)], there will be pains in the world and in Israel:
At the time of the revealing of Messiah, the inhabitants of the world will find themselves in one distress after another and those who hate Yisrael will get stronger. (43. Balak: 47. In the time of Messiah, verse 505)
King Messiah [Hz. Mahdi (pbuh)]will accept all the pains for Allah's pleasure:
… There is one temple called the temple of the sick. The Messiah enters that temple, andcalls upon all the diseases, the pains and agonies of Yisrael to descend upon him. And they all descend upon him… This is the meaning of "he has borne our sicknesses..."(Isaiah 53:4). (25. Vayakhel: 24. The firmaments over the Garden of Eden, verse 336)
The name Lion:
…UNTIL THE APPEARANCE OF MESSIAH,THE SON OF DAVID, WHO IS CALLED 'A LION'...(20. Mishpatim: 17. A spirit ascends and descends every night, verse 475)
The verse, "May he have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river to the ends of the earth" (Tehilim 72:8), will be fulfilled in Messiah…The flag of Messiah, the son of David, will come, being of Judah,with a lion marked upon it... (20. Mishpatim: 18. verse 483)
King Messiah [Hz. Mahdi (pbuh)]will be the means for the faith of the entire world:
Oh, holy pious one, glad is the one who will hear from the mouth of Messiah. The sweet voice of his discourse is in the concealed matters of the Torah that he will explain…all congregate around King Messiah. And he will explain to them the Torah matters. Through the sweetness of his words and through desire, they get elevated to the Heavenly Yeshivah... (40. Shlach Lecha: 16. Reading of the Torah, verse 142)
Not everyone will be able to appreciateKing Messiah [Hz. Mahdi (pbuh)], he will be recognized only with the light of faith:
The Congregation of Yisrael is adorned with the crown that the Holy One, blessed be He, is going to crown King Messiah. That crown is decorated and engraved with the Holy Names.Everyone who merits it in this world, merits to see Messiah with the perfection of that crown.(21. Trumah: 10. "The watchman said, 'The morning comes'", verse 98)
In the time ofKing Messiah [Hz. Mahdi (pbuh)], idolatry will come to an end and true religion will reign:
… just asthe idolatrous nations of the world will hide when Messiah is revealed, as it is written: "And they shall go into the holes of the rocks" (Yeshayah 2:19); "and in the holes of the rocks" (Yeshayah 7:19).(44. Pinchas: 85. Additional Nefesh, additional Ruach, additional Neshamah, Verse 573)
Close to the days of Messiah, the window with this star shall rule the world.Therefore, wild animals will rule the world and new evil species will be formed one after the other, and thechildren of Yisrael will be in distress.When they will be pressed in the darkness of exile, the Holy One, blessed be He, will light up for them the light of day, which is redemption, and the supernal holy ones will accept the kingdom.Rulership will be annulled from the idol-worshipping nations... Then will be fulfilled: "Moreover the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun..." (Yeshayah 30:26). (21. Trumah: 86. The stars, Verse 859)