Fathwa, - Female genital mutilation and the Koran

Question:
Are female genital mutilation and honor killing 2 practices that are
in any way advocated, condoned, or tolerated by Islam and the Koran?
Answer:
In the name of Allah Most Merciful Most Compassionate
I pray you are well and in the best of health and iman.
Absolutely not. As for female genital mutilation if the girl knew who
did this to her, she could sue that person for damages even if it was
after she had grown up.
As for honor killing, this must go through the courts, the Sacred Law
doesn't give individuals the right to kill someone like this and if
they do so, then they have committed a major sin and should be taken
to court for it. And Allah alone gives success.

Fathwa, - Impermissible seclusion (khalwa)& disability

Question:
I have a question on the issue of khalwa (seclusion). I would like to
know if there would be any dispensation on the ruling of khalwa in the
case of a person who has a disability. I suffer from a spinal
deformity which substantially impairs my agility and physical
capabilities. Taking this into account I would like to know if it
would still be haram for me to work with a non-mahram woman in a
shop/store where there may be considerable periods of time when I
would be alone with my non-mahram female colleague. The door of the
shop/store would be shut though unlocked and therefore accessible to
the general public. Please note that the extent of my disability is
such that I am not even capable of overpowering a mature child let
alone and adult female and I therefore honestly feel that I would pose
no physical threat to my non-mahrem colleague. I would however be
working in the same area of the shop/store as my colleague.
Answer:
In the name of Allah, Most Compassionate, Most Merciful,
Firstly, I pray that Allah Most High cures you and all of us from the
physical and spiritual ailments, and that he blesses you with the
quality of Sabr and records great reward in your book of deeds in
return of this disability that you have unfortunately been inflicted
with, Ameen.
As far as your question is concerned, it would be prohibitively
disliked (makruh tahriman) to remain alone (khalwa) in an enclosed
area/shop with a non-Mahram woman, even in your situation.
The meaning of being alone (khalwa) is when a man and a woman who are
not immediate family members (mahram) remain alone in a room or place
in a way that a third person is not easily able to enter upon them, or
it is not usually accessible to others. This also (according to the
scholars) includes a room/area, the door of which is closed, even if
it may not be locked. Yes, if the door remains open, then that would
not, in of itself, be considered Khalwa.
You state that you suffer from a spinal deformity which substantially
impairs your agility and physical capabilities, and that you are
incapable of overpowering an adult woman, but this, however, will not
legitimize remaining in Khalwa.
The reason being is that, the injunctions of Shariah are not based on
their legal wisdoms (hikma), rather on the legal reason (illah). As
such, even if one was sure of not falling into the unlawful, the act
will still remain unlawful.
Yes, if one�s disability has a direct connection with a particular
injunction, such as not being able to stand in prayer, etc, then one
will be permitted to take the dispensation (rukhsa) given by Shariah.
And Allah knows best

Kissing the Thumbs

الحمد للّٰه الذي نورعيون المسلمين بنورعين اعيان المرسلين، والصّلاة
والسلام علي نورالعيون سرورالقلب المحزون محمد نالرفيع ذكره في الصلاة
والاذان، والجيب اسمه عند اھل الايمان، وعلى اٰله وصحبه والمشروحة صدورھم
لجلال اسراره والمفتوحة عيونھم بجمال انواره، واشھد ان لاالٰه الا اللّٰه
وحده لاشريك له، وان محمّدا عبده ورسوله بالھدى ودين الحق ارسله صلى
اللّٰه تعالٰى عليه وعلٰى اٰله وصحبه اجمعين، وعلينا معھم وبھم ولھم يا
ارحم الراحمين اٰمين
When hearing the Muazzin proclaim, "Ash'hadu anna Muhammad
ar­-Rasoolullah" it is preferred (Mustahab) to kiss the two thumbs or
the shahaadat finger and place them on the eyes. There are many
spiritual, religious and worldly benefits associated to this, as well
as numerous Ahadith documenting its practice. Doing so is even
practiced by the Sahaaba, and Muslims everywhere perform it in the
belief that it is Mustahab. It is stated in the book, Salaat
al-Mas'oodi:
روي عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم انه قال من سمع اسمي في الاذان ووضع
ابھاميه على عينيه فانا طالبه في صفوف القيمه و قائده الى الجنه
''The Noble Messenger is reported to have said, "On the Day of
Qiyaamat, I shall search for the person who used to place his thumbs
on his eyes when hearing my name during the Adhaan. I shall lead him
into Jannat."[Salat al-Mas'oodi, Vol 2, Chapter 20]
Allama Ismail Haqqi Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho writes under the verse 58
of Surah al Maidah,
وضعف تقبيل ظفرى ابهاميه مع مسبحتيه والمسح على عينيه عند قوله محمد رسول
الله لانه لم يثبت فى الحديث المرفوع لكن المحدثين اتفقوا على ان الحديث
الضعيف يجوز العمل به فى الترغيب والترهيب
"Kissing the nails of the thumbs and the shahadat finger when saying
"Muhammad ar­-Rasoolullah SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam has been
classified as weak (zaeef) because it is not proven from a marfoo'
Hadith. However, Muhadditheen have agreed that to act upon a zaeef
Hadith to incline people towards deeds and instill fear within them is
permitted."[Tafseer Rooh al-Bayaan, Vol 3, Page 282]
Shaami states,
يستحب أن يقال عند سماع الأولى من الشهادة : صلى الله عليك يا رسول الله
، وعند الثانية منها : قرت عيني بك يا رسول الله ، ثم يقول : اللهم متعني
بالسمع والبصر بعد وضع ظفري الإبهامين على العينين فإنه عليه السلام يكون
قائدا له إلى الجنة ، كذا في كنز العباد . قهستاني ، ونحوه في الفتاوى
الصوفية . وفي كتاب الفردوس من قبل ظفري إبهامه عند سماع أشهد أن محمدا
رسول الله في الأذان أنا قائده ومدخله في صفوف الجنة وتمامه في حواشي
البحر للرملي
"On the testimony (of Prophethood) in Adhaan, it is Mustahab to say
"Sallallaahu Alaika Ya Rasoolallah SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam on the
first and "Quratu Aini bika Ya RasoolAllah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala on the
second. Then, place the nails of your thumbs on your eyes and say,
"Allahumma Matti'ni bis-Sam'i wal-Basr." The Holy Prophet SallAllaho
Alaihi wa Sallam will lead the person who does this into Jannat. The
same has been documented by Kanzul­lbaad, Qohistaani and in Fataawa
Soofia. Kitaabul-Firdaus states that the Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa
Sallam has said, I shall lead into Jannat the person who kisses his
thumbnails when hearing "Ash'hadu anna Muhammad ar-Rasoolullah. I will
also place him amongst the ranks of the inmates of Janna'. The
complete discussion on this has been given in the marginal notes on
Bahr ar-Raaiq of Ramli."[Radd al Muh'tar, Baab al-Adhan, Vol. 3, Page
233]
This extract has given the reference of 5 books Kanz al-Ibaad, Fataawa
Soofia, Kitaab al-Firdaus, Qohistaani and the marginal notes on Bahr
ar-Raaiq. All of them have ruled this practice to be Mustahab.
In the book "al Maqasid al Hasanah Fil Hadisil Atwirah Alas Sunnah".
Imam Sakhawi Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho states,
ذكره الديلمي في الفردوس من حديث أبي بكر الصديق أنه لما سمع قول المؤذن
( أشهد أن محمدا رسول الله ) قال هذا وقبل باطن الانملتين السبابتين ومسح
عينيه فقال ( من فعل مثل ما فعل خليلي فقد حلت عليه شفاعتي ) ولا يصح
"Dailmi reports that Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddique Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho
once said 'When I heard the Muazzin say Ash'hadu anna Muhammad
ar­-Rasoolullah SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam, I said the same, kissed
the inner-side of my Kalima finger and placed it on my eyes. When the
Holy Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam noticed this, he said. My
intercession becomes obligatory upon he who does the same as my
beloved.' This Hadith hasn't reached the classification of Sahih."[al
Maqasid al Hasanah, Hadit 1021, Dar al Kutb Ilmiyah (Berut - Lebenon),
Page 384]
Quoting the book Moojibaat ar-RaHmah, Imam Sakhaawi Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala
Anho further writes.
عن الخضر عليه السلام أنه من قال حين يسمع المؤذن يقول أشهد أن محمدا
رسول الله مرحبا بحبيبي وقرة عيني محمد بن عبد الله ثم يقبل ابهاميه
ويجعلهما على عينيه لم يرمد أبدا
"It is reported from Hadrat Khidr Alaihis Salam , "If a person says
"Marhaban bi-Habibi Quratu Aini Muhammad ibn Abdullah" when hearing
the Muazzin say "Ash'hadu anna Muhammadur-Rasoolullah, then kisses his
thumbs and places them on his eyes, never will they (the eyes) be
sore."[al Maqasid al Hasanah, Hadit 1021, Dar al Kutb Ilmiyah (Berut -
Lebenon), Page 384]
He further writes that Abul Abbas Ahmad said that Muhammad ibn Baabaa,
narrating his personal experience, states.
أنه هبت ريح فوقعت منه حصاة في عينه فأعياه خروجها وآلمته أشد الألم وأنه
لما سمع المؤذن يقول أشهد أن محمدا رسول الله قال ذلك فخرجت الحصاة من
فوره
"Once, due to a heavy wind blowing, a pebble hit my eye and refused to
come out. I experienced major pain because of it." When Muhammad ibn
Baabaa heard the Muazzin say "Ash 'hadu anna Muhammad ar-Rasoolullah,
" he said this "Quratu Aini ... 'and, immediately, the pebble fell
out."[al Maqasid al Hasanah, Hadit 1021, Dar al Kutb Ilmiyah (Berut -
Lebenon), Page 384]
Allama Shams Muhammad ibn Saalih Madani Alaihis Salam reports Imam
Amjad to have said.
من صلى على النبي إذا سمع ذكره في الاذان وجمع أصبعيه المسبحة والابهام
وقبلهما ومسح بهما عينيه لم يرمد أبدا
"If the person who hears the name of the Noble Messenger SallAllaho
Alaihi wa Sallam in the Adhaan joins his Kalima finger and his
thumbs," "Kisses and places them on his eyes, never will they be
sore."[al Maqasid al Hasanah, Hadit 1021, Dar al Kutb Ilmiyah (Berut -
Lebenon), Page 384]
Imam Amjad Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho who was an accomplished scholar in
Egypt, further states,
بعض شيوخ العراق أو العجم أنه يقول عندما يمسح عينيه صلى لله عليك يا
سيدي يا رسول الله يا حبيب قلبي ويا نور بصري ويا قرة عيني وقال لي كل
منهما منذ فعله لم ترمد عيني
"Some non-Arab and Iraqi Mashaaikh have said that by this practice,
the eyes will never be sore." "From the time I have brought this into
practice even my eyes have not ached."[al Maqasid al Hasanah, Hadit
1021, Dar al Kutb Ilmiyah (Berut - Lebenon), Page 384]
Ibn Saalih Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho states,
وأنا ولله الحمد والشكر منذ سمعته منهما استعملته فلم ترمد عيني وأرجو أن
عافيتهما تدوم وأني أسلم من العمى إن شاء لله
"From the time I heard this benefit. I brought this action into
practice. Since then, my eyes haven't become sore and it is my hope
that, Insha-Allah, they will never be and I will be saved from being
blind."[al Maqasid al Hasanah, Hadit 1021, Dar al Kutb Ilmiyah (Berut
- Lebenon), Page 385]
Imam Hasan Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho states,
من قال حين يسمع المؤذن يقول أشهد أن محمدا رسول الله مرحبا بحبيبي وقرة
عيني محمد بن عبد الله ويقبل إبهاميه ويجعلهما على عينيه لم يعم ولم يرمد
''The eyes of he who says 'Marhaban bi-Habibi wa Quratu Aini Muhammad
ibn Abdullah' when hearing the Muazzin say "Ash'hadu anna Muhammad
ar-Rasoolullah and kisses and places his thumbs on them will never
pain nor will he become blind."[al Maqasid al Hasanah, Hadit 1021, Dar
al Kutb Ilmiyah (Berut - Lebenon), Page 385]
In short, the book alMaqaasid al Hasanah confirms this practice by
many Imams and Scholars of the Deen.
Sharah Niqaaya states,
واعلم انه يستحب أن يقال عند سماع الأولى من الشهادة : صلى الله عليك يا
رسول الله ، وعند الثانية منها : قرت عيني بك يا رسول الله ، وضع ظفري
الإبهامين على العينين فإنه عليه السلام يكون قائدا له إلى الجنة ، كذا
في كنز العباد
"It should be known that it is preferable (Mustahab) to say "Quratu
Aini bika Ya Rasoolallah and place the thumbs on the eyes when hearing
the first part of the second shahaadat. The Holy Prophet SallAllaho
Alaihi wa Sallam wilt lead the person who does so into Jannat. Kanz
al-Ibaad says likewise."[Jami' ar-Rumooz, Fasl al Adhan, Maktaba
Islamiya (Iran), Vol 1, Page 125]
Maulana Jamaal ibn Abdullah ibn Umar Makki Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho
states in his Fataawa,
تقبيل الابھامين ووضعھما على العينين عند ذكر اسمه عليه السلام في الاذان
جائز بل مستحب صرح به مشائخنا
"Taqbeelul-Ibhaamain (kissing and placing the thumbs on the eyes when
hearing the blessed name of Rasoolullah SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam in
Adhaan) not just permissible, but Mustahab. Our Mashaaikh have
elucidated this."
Allama Muhammad Taahir Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho classifying this Hadith
as Ghair-Sahih, also states,
وروي تجربة عن كثيرين
"There are many reports of this benefit being experienced."[Khatima
Majma' BiHar al-Anwaar, Vol 3, Page 511]
There are many other quotations besides these that can also be
presented. For the sake of conciseness. we make do with only these.
Hadrat Sadr al-Afadhil, Maulana Sayyed Muhammad Na'eem al-Din
Muraadabadi states that a very ancient copy of the Injeel (New
Testament) has been discovered. It is known as the Gospel of Barnabas
and has been translated into almost every language. The majority of
its rulings and laws resemble Islamic commands. It's written inside
that when Hadrat Adam Alaihis Salam wished to see the Noor of the
Beloved Mustapha SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam (Rooh al-Quds). The Noor
was made bright on the nails of his thumbs. Hadrat Adam Alaihis Salam
then kissed and placed them on his eyes out of love and appreciation.
Besides the Ulama of the Hanafi Mad'hab, Ulama from the Shafee and
Maaliki Mad'habs have also ruled the kissing of the thumbs (Taqbeel
al-Ibhaamain) to be Mustahab. A famous Shafa'ee book of Fiqh,
I'aanatut-Taalibeen 'Alaa Hali alfaazi Fat'hil-Mu'een, states,
ثم يقبل ابھاميه و يجعلھما على عينيه لم يعم ولم يرمد ابدا
"Then kiss and place your thumbs on your eyes. By doing so, never will
you become blind nor will your eyes be sore,'[I'aanatut-Taalibeen,
Page 247, Egyptian Edition]
Another famous book of the Maaliki Mad'hab, Kifaayat at-Taalib
ar­Rabbani Ii Risaalati Ibn Abi Zaid Qeerwaani Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala
Anho, after saying much about this practice, states,
عينيه لم يعم ولم يرمد ابدا
"Never will the eyes of the person who does so pain, nor will he
become blind."[Kifaayat at-Taalib ar-­Rabbani, Vol 1, Page 169,
Egyptian Edition]
Shaikh Ali Saeed Adawi Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho writes in his
commentary of this extract,
لم يبين موضع التقبيل من ابھامين الا انه نقل عن الشيخ العالم المفسر نور
الدين الخراساني قال بعضهم لقيته وقت الاذان فلما سمع الموذن يقول اشھد
ان محمدا رسول الله قبل ابھامي نفسه و مسح بالظفرين اجفان عينيه من الماق
الي ناحيه الصدع ثم فعل ذلك عند كل تشھد مرة فسالته عن ذلك ففقال كنت
افعله ثم تركته فمرضت عيناي فرئيته صلى الله عليه وسلم مناما فقال لما
تركت مسح عينيك عند الاذان ان اردت ان تبرء عيناك فعد في المسح فاستيقظت
و مسحت فبرئت ولم يعاود في مرضھا الي الان
"The writer didn't mention when the thumbs should be kissed. However,
it is reported that some people met Allama Mufassir Nooruddin
Khorasaani Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho at the time of Adhaan. When he
heard the Muazzin say "Ash'hadu anna Muhammad ar-Rasoolullah he kissed
and placed his thumbs on the eyelashes and comer of his eyes, right
until the temples. He did this on every shahaadat. When the people
asked him about this practice of his, he replied, "I used to kiss my
thumbs but stopped after a while. My eyes later became sore. I then
saw the Holy Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam in a dream and he
said to me, "Why did you stop kissing your thumbs and placing them on
the eyes during the Adhaan? If you want your eyes to stop paining,
resume this practice." Thus, from then on, I continued this action and
gained comfort. The pain didn't return from the time I recommenced
this."[Nahjul-Istamia, Page 177]
Important Note:Direct narrations and Ahadith have been presented
regarding this practice in Adhaan. Takbeer (lqaamat) is in the
likeness of Adhaan, and it has even been called Adhaan in the Ahadith.
Therefore, kissing and placing the thumbs during the Takbeer is also
beneficial and a means of blessings but during Salah or a Khutba or
whilst listening to the Qur'an it should not be done!
Not performing it during salah is evident and the impermissibility
during listening to the khutba or the Qur'an is because one should
have utmost attention at these times and refrain from any unnecessary
movements. When the verse Maa kaana muhammadun abaa ahadim mir
rijalikum is recited, so many people kiss their thumbs, it is as if
birds have gathered to sing and they do it to such an extent that
people from afar cannot even hear some words of the holy Qur'an. Even
if there is no harm to place the thumbs on the lips and then place
them on the eyes at this time; there is no ruling to make a sound
during the kiss of reverence – like when one kisses the black stone,
the ka'aba, the Qur'an or the hands and feet of the pious. There is no
rule to make the noises like a flock of birds.
Conclusion:
This entire discussion establishes that kissing and placing the thumbs
during the Adhaan, etc. is Mustahab. It is found as the Sunnat of'
Hadrat Adam Alaihis Salam, Abu Bakr Siddique Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho
and Imam Hasan Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho. Even Imams of the Shafa'ee and
Maaliki Mad'habs have ruled it to be Mustahab. In every era, Muslim
deemed this practice to have this very ruling, along with the
following benefits,
The eyes of a person who does this are saved from being sore.
1. Insha-Allah, he will never become blind.
2. It is an excellent cure to remove something problematic to the
eyes. These benefits have been experienced several times.
3. The Prophet SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam will intercede for the one
who practices this.
4. Sayyiduna Rasoolullah SallAllaho Alaihi wa Sallam will also search
for the person who used to perform it and lead him into Jannah.
As long as no explicit proof of its prohibition is found, It cannot be
stopped. Muslims deeming something preferable (Mustahab) is sufficient
proof for it being so. However, for certification of Karaahat (i.e. to
deem something Makrooh), a specific proof is needed! So, Calling this
practice Haraam is sheer ignorance and an act of prejudice and
strait-mindedness of a person afflicted with the blindness of Faith
(Eiman). May Allah protect us from falling to this depth of depravity
and deviation from the right path... Aameen!!
والله سبحانه وتعالى اعلم ورسوله اعلم بالصواب
Almighty Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala and His Beloved Rasool Sallallaho
Alaihi wa Aalihi wa Sallam knows the best!
Reference Books:
1. al-Ataya an-Nabawiyah Fi Fatawa ar-Radawiyyah [New 33 Volume
Edition], Vol 5, Page 429-436 by AlaHadrat Ash-Shah Imam aHmad Rida
al-Qadiri Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho
2. Munīr al-Áyn fī Ĥukmi Taqbīl al-Ibhāmayn by AlaHadrat Ash-Shah Imam
aHmad Rida Khan al-Qadiri Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho
3. Ja-AlHaq, Chapter 24 by Hakeem al-Ummah Hadrat Allama Mufti aHmad
Yaar Khan Naeemi Radi ALLAHu Ta'ala Anho

Wonders of Salat with Jamaat

Jama'at means congregation. When Muslims gather to offer prayers
(Arabic - Salah) in congregation, it is called Jama'at. It is led by
the Imam and the rest follow him (called muqtadees); there is a great
reward for offering prayer with the congregation.
1) Syedna Anas (Allah be well pleased with him) narrates that the
beloved Prophet (Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) said,
"Whoever offers Prayer with Jama'at for forty days with the first
takbeer (start of Salah by announcement of Allah's name), two
salvations will be written for him: one from hell and one from
hypocrisy."
2) Syedna Abdullah ibn Umar (Allah be well pleased with them) narrates
that the beloved Prophet (Allah's blessings and peace be upon him)
said, "Salah offered with Jama'at is twenty-seven times greater than
Salah offered alone."
3) Imam Muhammad Ghazali (Allah's mercy be upon him) says, "Salah was
so important to oursalaf saliheen[pious predecessors] that if they
missed the first takbeer they would mourn for three days and if anyone
missed Jama'at then they would mourn for seven days." (Mukashifat
ul-Quloob)
4) Syedna Maymoon bin Mahraan (Allah's mercy be upon him) came to the
mosque. He was told that the Jama'at has finished. Upon hearing this,
he sadly said, "Thefazilat(excellence) of this [Jama'at] is better
than ruling over Iraq." (Mukashifat ul-Quloob)
5) Syedna Abu Hurairah (May Allah be well pleased with him) narrates
that the beloved Prophet (Allah's blessings and peace be upon him)
said, "If people knew what was [the reward] in the [calling of] Azaan
and [being a part of] the firstsaf[row of Jama'at] then they would not
get it without drawing names. So they would draw names [i.e., they
would compete for the honor of these two acts]. (Bukhari)
Thoughts and Points
6) Jama'at is compulsory for every sane and mature man who has the
ability to offer Salah. It is very important for the people living in
the vicinity of the mosque to attend the Jama'at.
7) To move closer to a mosque or madrasah (religious school) with the
intention of attaining Jama'at is a very commendable action. May Allah
give us the guidance to keep our mosques and Madrasahs alive. In fact,
keep this in mind when moving or buying a house.
8) If you live so far that you cannot drive or walk to the mosque or
madrasah comfortably then make sure to come for Jama'at at least once
or twice a day or week or more [based on distance and means of travel]
to at least earn the reward of coming for and praying with Jama'at.
10) One should not think 'I can't join the Jama'at, I am too busy with
school or work and family'. Such thoughts are from the devil or our
own ill- self. If you make the intention and effort, Allah-willing,
the hardships will go away.
11) Stand in thesaf(rows) shoulder to shoulder so that there is no
space left in between.
12) To wait for Salah has been called "Salah," so be punctual for the Salah.