Fathwa, - • Marriage and Engagement • - The Acceptance of the First Wife is Not a Condition For One Who Wishes to Marry Another

Question:
There is no doubt that Islaam has permitted plurality of wives, but is
it required for the husband to seek the acceptance of his first wife
before marrying the second one?
Answer:
It is not obligatory for the husband, when he wishes to marry
another,to get his first wife's acceptance, but it is a noble trait of
character and good relations for him to appease her by whatever
decreases the pain which women naturally feel in such situations. This
may be achieved by smiling, greeting her warmly andspeaking kindly to
her, and by whatever money you can afford, if her acceptance requires
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Fathwa, - • Marriage and Engagement • - The Ruling on Giving an Illegitimate Child in Marriage

Question:
A man married his daughter to another, then it became clear thatthe
husband was an illegitimate child. What is the ruling?
Answer:
If he is a Muslim, then the marriage is correct, because there is
nothingupon him of the sin of his mother and the man who committed
adulterywith her, according to the Words of Allaah, Most High:
"That no burdened person (with sins) shall bear the burden (sins)
ofanother." An-Najm 53:38
- and because there is noshame on him, if he goesstraight on the
religion of Allaah and if he models himself on standards of behaviour
which are pleasing (to Allaah), according to Allaah's Words:
"O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you
into nations and tribes that you may know one another. Verily, the
most honourable of you with Allaah is that (believer) who has At-Taqwa
[ i.e. he is one of the Muttaqoon (the pious) ]. Verily, Allaah is
All-Knowing, All-Aware." Al Hujuraat 49:13
- and the words of the Prophet Sallalaahu alaihiwa sallam, when he was
asked about the most noble of people, he said:
"the most pious of them…" - and he sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam said:
"Whoever was slow in performing (righteous) deeds, his lineage will
not avail him." Muslim no. 2699.
- and it was reported that he Sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam said:
"If one whose religion and character pleases you proposes to you, then
marry (your daughter to) him. If you do not do so, it will be a cause
of trial in the land and great corruption." At-Tirmidhi no. 1084. -
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Fathwa, - • Marriage and Engagement • - What is Permissable forthe Suitor to See of the Woman Before the Wedding

Question:
If a man makes a proposal of marriage to a young woman, is it
obligatory for him to seeher? Also, is it correct forthe young woman
to uncover her hair and to reveal her beauty more for her fiancé?
Advise us,and may Allaah benefit you.
Answer:
There is no objection, but it is not obligatory. Rather, it is
preferred forhim to see her, and for her to see him. This is because
the Prophet sallallaahu alayhi was salaam ordered the suitor to look
at her, because that is more likely to produce harmony between them,so
if she uncovers her face, hands and head forhim, there is no
objection, according to the most correct opinion.
Some of the scholars said that it is sufficient for him to see her
face and hands, but the most correct opinion is that there is no
objection to him seeing her head, face, hands and feet, according to
the aforementioned Hadeeth. But it is not permissible for him to do
so, while being alonewith her; rather, her father, her brother or
another must be presentwith her. This is because the Prophet
sallallaahu alayhi was salaam said:
'A man may not be secluded with a woman except with a Mahram.' Muslim no. 1341
He sallallaahu alayhi wassalaam also said:
'A man should not be alone with a woman, forverily Satan makes a
third.' At-Tirmithi no. 2165 and Ahmad 1/18.
Narrated by Imaam Muslim with an authentic chain of narrators, on the
authority of 'Umar, may Allaah be pleased with him.

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Nullifiers of fasting

The following acts, when done knowingly and deliberately in the days
of Ramadhaan , will invalidate the fast. In addition to being
considered great sins, a person committing one of these acts will have
to continue fasting the rest of the day that he/she committed it, and
he/she is also required to take certain measures of reconciliation as
indicated below.
1-Intentional eating, drinking
Allaah Says (what means): "And eat and drink until the white thread of
dawn becomes distinct toyou from the black thread [of night]. Then
complete the fast until the night [i.e. sunset]." [Quran 2:187].
This applies to the one who does so consciously. However, if a person
eatsor drinks forgetfully or accidentally or is forced to do it, the
fasting is intact and the day is not to be made up; and the person
should continue fasting.
Abu Hurayrah reported that Prophet Muhammad said: "Whoever forgets he
is fasting, and eats or drinks is to complete his fast, as it is
Allaah Who fed him and gave him something to drink." [Al-Bukhaari,
Muslim and others]
Ibn Abbaas reported that the Prophet said: "Allaah has excused for my
Ummah (Muslim community) mistakes, forgetfulness and what they are
forced to do." [At-Tahaawi, Al-Haakim and Ad-Daraqutni]
Similar to eating and drinking is smoking (besides being prohibited in
itself) and letting any substance into the stomach.
However, if a person eatsor drinks out of forgetfulness, then he/she
should continue fasting, and the day fasted is valid and counted and
does not need to make up the day.This is based on the Hadeeth
(narration) in which the Prophet said: "If somebody eats ordrinks
forgetfully then heshould complete his fast, for what he has eaten or
drunk, has been given to him by Allaah." [Al-Bukhaari]
Similarly, if a person breaks the fast before the actual Maghrib
(sunset) or after Fajr (dawn) because of a mistake in time
recognition, he is not to make up that day.
2-Sexual intercourse
Just like eating and drinking, Allaah has forbidden sexual intercourse
during the days of Ramadhaan . Almighty Allaah Says (what means):
"It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to
go to your wives [for sexual relations]. They are clothing for you and
you are clothing for them. Allaah knows that you used to deceive
yourselves, so He accepted your repentance and forgave you. So now,
have relations with them and seek that which Allaah has decreed for
you [i.e. offspring]. And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn
becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then
complete the fast until the night [i.e. sunset]. And do not have
relations with them as long as you are staying for worship in the
mosques. These are the limits [set by] Allaah, so do not approach
them. Thus does Allaah make clear His verses [i.e. ordinances] to the
people that they may become righteous." [Quran; 2:187]
Muslim scholars differ about stimulating oneself[whether alone or with
his wife or vise versa], without intercourse, to the point of
ejaculation. Some of them treat it as complete intercourse, while
others say that it does not invalidate the fast even though it causes
a loss of its rewards.
3-Intentional vomiting
Abu Hurayrah reported that the Prophet said: "Whoever is overcome by
vomiting is not to make up the day. Whoever vomits intentionally must
make up the day." [Ahmad and others]
4-Poor Intentions
Failing to intend (i.e. with the heart) to fast from before the dawn
of the day of fast. (Note: voluntary fasting is excluded from this
requirement)
Intending to stop fasting at any moment during the day of fast.
These last two actions arerelated to the heart and to the intention
which is an essential element [or pillar] of fasting. These actions
void the fast evenif the person does not actually eat anything. This
is because the intention is one of the pillars of the fast and, if one
changes his/her intention, he/she has nullified his/her fast.
Except intercourse, a day invalidated by such an action cannot be
atoned by even fasting the whole life. Thus, in addition to the making
up the day, the only way to atone such an act is by true and sincere
repentance and strong determination never to do it again.
The only action, according to most scholars, which requires that both
the day be made up and the act of expiation be performed is having
sexual intercourse during a day of Ramadhaan .
Abu Hurayrah reported that a man came to the Messenger of Allaah, ,
and said: "I am destroyed, O Messenger of Allaah!" The Prophet, ,
asked: "What has destroyed you?" He said,"I had intercourse with my
wife during a day of Ramadhaan ." The Prophet, , asked: "Are you able
to free a slave?" He said, " No ". The Prophet, , asked: "Is it
possible for you to fast for two consecutive months?" He said, "No."
The Prophet, , asked: "Is it possible for you to feed sixty poor
people?" He said, "No." The Prophet, , said: "Then sit." A basket of
dates wasbrought to the Prophet, , and he said to the man: "Give this
in charity." The man said:"To someone poorer thanus? There is no one
in this city who is poorer than us!" The Prophet, , laughed until his
molar teeth could be seen and said: "Go and feed your family with it."
[Al-Bukhaari, Muslim and others]
Most scholars say that both men and women have to perform the acts of
expiation (Kaffaarah) if they intentionally have intercourse during a
day of Ramadhaan on which they had intended to fast.
5-Injections containing nourishment
Though this type of action is committed intentionally and thus falls
under intentional eating and drinking, it is not considered as a sin
if given to a sick person in need of it. All what is needed is to make
up theday later. These injections are meant to give nourishment
intravenously so that it reaches the intestines, with the intention of
nourishing the sick person. Also if the injection reaches the
blood-stream then it likewise breaks the fast since it is being used
in place of food and drink. Similar is the use of drips containing
glucose and saline solutions, and inhalers used by people sick of
asthma. May Allaah relieve all sick believers.
Involuntarily events that break the fast
The fast is disrupted (andthere is no point or reward then in
continuing to fast) when a woman sees the blood caused by either of:
1-Menstruation
2-post-childbirth bleeding
Even if such bleeding begins just before the sunset, the fast of that
day is rendered invalid. Awoman in this case will have to fast a day
later for every day (or part of day) that she missed.
If a menstruating womanbecomes pure (ceases bleeding) before dawn,
then she takes her Ghusl (purifying shower) and intends to fast the
next day. However, if she becomes pure after Fajr (dawn) then she
takes her Ghusl, and starts praying as usual, and the day has to be
made up after Ramadhaan . She may eat and drink duringthat day as it
is an invalidday as Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen observed.
The Prophet, , said: "Is it not that when she [the woman] menstruates,
shedoes not pray nor fast?" We (present companions)said: Yes indeed.
He said: "That is the deficiency in her Deen [religion]". [Muslim]
The order to make up for the days of menstruation is reported in the
lesson `Aa'ishah, , gave to Mu`aath, , who came and asked her "Why is
it that the menstruating woman has to make up her fasts but not the
prayers?" …`Aa'ishah said: "That (menstruation) used to come upon us
and so we were ordered (by the Prophet, slallallaahu alayhi wa sallam
) to make up the fasts and were never ordered to make up the prayers."
[Al-Bukhaari and Muslim] - - ▓███▓ Translator:->
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