good morning tips

Thank u for waking me up. A warm good morning,after sweet dreams of
last night. wish u a good day with good morning
We're not too close indistance. We're not too near in miles. But text
can still touch our hearts and thoughts can bring ussmiles. G M
An ideal day should begin with a cute little yawn on ur face,A cup of
coffee in ur hand A sms from me on ur mobile Have a great day G
Apple wali story toh har koi janta hai but How did newton discoverred
2nd law 1 day he kicked a goat with force F, goat cried mA. So,G M
Da more u count ur blesngs,da more blesngs u vl hav,2 count I alwys
do,n I count u as da nicest blesng!God Bless u each day Gu Mrng

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The spread of Islam in theBalkans – II

Military and political relations
The first part of this article highlights the ways in which Islam was
introduced in the Balkans, with the trade relations being the primary
focus. In this part, other factors are highlighted, namely: military
and political relations with Muslim countries.
By 634, the Muslims, in their attempt to spread Islam to every
possible area, had started to attack the borders of the Byzantine
Empire, and made the first attempt to conquer Constantinople (now
Istanbul). Some years later, in 717-718, the Muslim army under the
commandof Maslamah surrounded Constantinople, however, they could not
conquer it. In this expedition, the Muslim army penetrated as far as
Adrianople (now Edirne) and Salonika, and this was known as the first
contact by the Muslim armies with the Balkan nations. They also built
a mosque near Gallata, known as the Arab Mosque. This ledsome Arabs
(Muslims) to settlein Constantinople and Salonika.
In the 9 th century, the Muslims were more direct in their intentions
towards the Balkan Peninsula. This was simple to understand because
they conquered Crete in 823, Sicily in 827, and some parts of the
Southern Italy as well, and the Balkan Peninsula was next in line.
During 840-841, the Muslims conquered Taranto, Italy, and undertook
incursions into the Balkan Peninsula, conquering Budva, Kotor, Rosi,
and Rijeka. They even surrounded Dubrovnik for fifteen years, but
without any success. This was the time when the Illyro-Albanians had
their firstcontacts with the Muslim armies. They kept trying to take
over the Balkan Peninsula until 1023 whenthey lost control of the
Southern Italy.
The traces of this new civilization are to be found everywhere. Nearby
the cathedral of Trogir, there is a statue of an Arab man wearing
turban, which is a sign of well established relationships. There also
are the tombs of two Arabs, which is evidence that they must have been
living there for some time.
On the other hand, the conquest of Spain by the Muslims opened a new
chapter in their relations with the Balkan nations. Some of the Slav
tribes, especially the Slovenians and Croats, had good relations with
the Muslim Spain. In the royal court of Haakimi I (791-822) there were
2000 guardsof Croatian origin. Such a large number of guards indicated
the extensive relations between them.
This variety of military relations was extended to the politics,
too.The Muslim countries had cordial relationship with their Balkan
counterparts. In 856, the Serb king, Mikhail III, sent his envoy to
the Caliph Al-Mutawakkil Ibn Ar-Rasheed of the Abbasid dynasty to
arrange a form of debate on religious matters.
In 922, moved by the Islamic teachings, the Bulgarian king sent an
envoy to Caliph Al-Muqtadir of the Abbasid dynasty to convey his
family's decision to embrace Islam.
In this point, well known are the contacts that Caliph Haroon
Ar-Rasheed had established with the European rulers. He had sent his
envoy to the Serb king, Carl the Great, in order to establish cordial
and reciprocal relations.
The Croat ruler, Prince Tomislav, had good relations with caliph
Abdur-Rahmaan III and even usedto exchange gifts. Abdur-Rahmaan III
had sent envoys to all the Slav kingdoms to discuss and charter their
future relations.
The Europeans, the Balkan nations included, kept continuous contacts
with the Muslims—the Fatimids (969-1171), the Ayyubids (1171-1250) and
the Mamluks (1250-1517)—because of various interests, trade being one
of them.
The Slavs were allies to the Muslims against the Roman and Byzantine
Empires. However, their relations with the Illyro-Albanians will
define the future military and political actors of theBalkan
Peninsula. At the beginning, those relations were cordial, but changed
rapidly.
Yet, there were various contacts between the Muslims and the
Illyro-Albanians. The fact that the Illyro-Albanians were ruled by
theforeigners—the Roman and Byzantine Empires, the Serbs, etc.—means
that they were almost never identified as an independent political
entity.
Missionaries and migrations
Maybe the most important factor that influenced the rapid spread of
Islam among the Illyro-Albanians was the work of missionaries and
migrations of different groups of people. There are indications that
travelers and theologian visited almost every part of the peninsula
centuries before the Ottomans appeared and played an important role in
preaching Islam. This was in some way assisted by the fact that the
Muslims controlled manyterritories around the Balkan Peninsula
(Southern Italy, some Greek islands, the Asia Minor, etc.), and by the
incursions of theMuslim armies as well.
Maybe the most important among the migrations was a group of Turkish
Muslims who settled in Southern Hungary (nearthe border with the
Byzantine Empire) and somewhere near theOhrid Lake (Macedonia) as well
(almost in the center of the peninsula). This was the time when the
first concentrated Muslim dwellings were seen in the peninsula.
The Russian Czar Theofil, while fighting in the Asia Minor, forced
many Muslims to migrate. They settled in the Balkan Peninsula in the
valley of the Vardar River. They came to be known the"Turks of
Vardar."
Yet, the presence of the Muslims in the Balkan Peninsula was so great
that the Christian kingdomscould no longer tolerate them. Thus, in the
13 th century, many crusades directed to the Middle East passed
through the peninsula and exterminated the Muslims living there. -
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The spread of Islam in theBalkans – I

How the Islamic civilization emerged in the Balkan Peninsula is one of
the most complex problems and requires multi-dimensional research.
Unfortunately, many historic factsconcerning Islam and the Balkan
Peninsula have been "forgotten," or even distorted. This has been the
result of centuries of pressure from the Serb and European historians
and their political establishments .
The two ways that enabled the spread of Islam in the Balkans were :
(1) The military expeditions sent to extend the borders of the state
of Islam, and
(2) The persuasive powers of the Islamic teachings themselves made
people ultimately embrace it .
Insofar as the nations of the Balkan Peninsula are concerned, the
overwhelming historic evidence reveals that military expeditions were
of little significance in the spread of Islam. Thus, the teachings of
Islam were the crucial factor in winning people over. The
Quranicdeclaration that "there is no compulsion in religion," gave
people the feeling of freedom for the first time in centuries. The
very famous Albanian writer, S. Frashëri, observes: "Apart from the
usage of military might to spread Islam, there does exist another way
without turning to invasion or the force of arms, a way that is often
not mentioned by the historians." Arnold Toynbee considers this a
major point and mentions it in his book, too .
Looking back in history, it is easy to understand which way was the
most influential means of spreading Islam; the force of arms or
Islamic teachings. Most of the time, the Muslim armies only opened the
"door" for the Islamic civilization to present itself, and ultimately
the people would see the difference .
Islamic civilization entered the Balkan Peninsula mainly from theWest
through the contacts with Andalusia in Spain, from the South through
Mediterranean Seaand Sicily, and from the Northeast through Hungary.
Even though the evidence is minimal, after a serious analysis, the
abovequestion—how did Islam come to the Balkan Peninsula—would be
finally answered .
After all the research, three are the ways through which the Islamic
civilization gained its foothold in the Balkan Peninsula, and a
further elaboration of themwill follow .
Trade relations
The development of Islamic civilization and of the Muslims themselves
conditioned the expansion of trade. The goods produced were mainly
traded with neighboring nations, however, the traders often ventured
even further to far and unknown places. This is why that since the 9th
century trade relations between Europe and the Middle East through the
Mediterranean Sea has been booming. In these trade relations, the most
daring Europeans were those from Florence, Venice, Pizza, Genoa,
followed by the French, and Catalonians. The European merchants
through Egypt and Syria ventured far into the Far East .
The Illyro-Albanians had established trade relations with the Arab and
Turkish nations, andnot only the port-cities of the Adriatic Sea, but
the rural parts ofthe Balkan Peninsula inhabited bythem as well. Such
strong trade relations had been established since ancient times, and
continued into the pre-Ottoman and Ottoman periods .
The Arab gold and silver coins excavated in Potoci, near Mostar of the
present-day Bosnia-Herzegovina, date back to the time of Marwaan II
(744-750 C) which tells of the extensive trade relations the Muslims
had with the Balkan nations, first the Albanians and later the Slavs .
Port-cities along the Adriatic Sea like Dubrovnik, Tivari, Ulqini,
Durazzo, Valona, Himara, etc., andother Greek and Southern Italian
cities were centers of trade. During the 12th century, the well known
Muslim historians and travelers, Al-Idreesi and Ibn Hawkal, tell in
fine details the social and political situation of those places. They
also describe the road going through the Balkan Peninsula, from the
Aegean Sea along the valley of the Vardar River to the coasts of the
Adriatic Sea .
Usually, the Italian merchants traveled by sea, whereas the Muslims
mostly traveled overland. The merchants from Venice and Florence used
to traderegularly and exchanged their goods mostly in Istanbul and
Gallata. Well known are also the caravans from Dubrovnik to Istanbul,
and vice versa .
Such strong trade relations have had a great impact on the Balkan
nations. Apart from buying and selling, which was the primary
intention, the merchants broughtmany new ideas and changes. This was
intensified further whenthe Muslim merchants started to establish
themselves in some fortified and secured coastal cities. The first
Muslim colonies appeared. Though they were verysmall in the beginning,
they became larger, and even stronger. - - ▓███▓ Translator:->
http://translate.google.com/m/ ▓███▓ - -

The Da'wah of the Prophets

Calling to Allaah is the way of the Messenger Muhammad and his
followers, as Allaah, the Most High, Says (what means): "Say [O
Muhammad]: 'This is my way; I invite to Allaah with insight, I and
those who follow me. And exalted is Allaah; and I am not of those who
associate others with him.'" [Quran: 12:108]
Calling to Allaah was the mission of all the Messengers and their
followers, in order to bring the people out of darkness into light,
from Kufr (unbelief) to true Eemaan (faith), from Shirk (polytheism)
to Tawheed (monotheism), and from the Fire to Paradise. This call to
Allaah rests upon firm pillars, and is established upon foundations
which are absolutely essential. If any of these are missing, the
Da'wah (call to Islam) will not be correct and will not produce the
desired results - no matter how much time or effort is expended - and
this is the reality which we witness with regard to many of the
present-day calls which are not supported by those pillars and built
upon those foundations. These pillars, which support thecorrect
Da'wah, are clearly shown in the Book (the Quran) and theSunnah
(prophetic tradition), and can be summarised as follows:
1. Knowledge of that which one calls to:
Since the ignorant person is not suitable to be a Daa'ee (caller).
Allaah, the Most High, said to His Prophet (what means): : "Say [O
Muhammad]: 'This is my way; I invite to Allaah with insight
(Baseerah), I and those who follow me. And exalted is Allaah; and I am
not of those who associate others with Him...'" [Quran: 12:108]
'Baseerah' is knowledge. So the caller is certain to face those who
are scholars of misguidance, those who will attack him with doubts and
futile arguments in orderto rebut the truth. Allaah,the Most High,
Says (whatmeans): "…And argue with them in a way that is best..."
[Quran: 16:125]
2. Acting in accordance with that which he calls to:
This is so that he will be agood example - his actions attesting to
his words, and leaving no excuse for the opponentsof the truth.
Allaah, the Most High, informs us that His Prophet Shu'ayb said to his
people (what means): : "…I do not intend to differ from you in that
which I have forbidden to you; I only intend to reform as much as I
amable…" [Quran: 11:88]
3. Purity of intention (Al-Ikhlaas):
Da'wah should be made purely and sincerely, seeking Allaah's pleasure
to seek the Face of Allaah (and seeking His Reward)- not for show,
repute, status, leadership, nor desiring worldly goals. If any of
these goals adulterate it, the call is no longer for Allaah; rather it
is for one's own benefit or for the attainment of worldly goals.
Allaah informs us that His Prophets said to their people (what means):
: "…I ask of you for it [i.e., this message] no payment…" [Quran:
6:90] And (what means): : "…I ask not of you forit any wealth…"
[Quran: 11:29]
Let us take a glimpse at the way in which two of the well-known
Prophets, Nooh (Noah) and Ibraaheem (Abraham), may Allaah exalt their
mention, called to Allaah:
Nooh :
The name of Prophet Nooh has been mentioned in the Quran forty-five
times. Let us recall some of these Aayaat (verses) and Soorahs
(chapters). Allaah the Most High and Exalted says what means: "And We
certainly sent Nooh to his people, and he remained among them a
thousand years, and the flood seized them while they were wrongdoers."
[Quran: 29:14] And: "Indeed, We sent Nooh to his people, [saying]:
'Warn your people before there comes to them a painful punishment. He
said: 'O my people! Indeed I am to you a clear warner.'" [Quran:
71:1-2] And so came to pass a tradition by Allaah,the High and
Exalted, in which the propagation faced trials, ordeals etc. Along
with that, barriers were erected by the enemies of Allaah as a means
of standing in the way of the call to monotheism and towardsits
callers. This is the lengthy history of humankind, from the time of
the Prophet Nooh to our present day; full of dedicated powers standing
in the path of Da'wah to Allaah, the High and Exalted, being publicly
insurgent and intimidating, without shame or discretion. Prophet Nooh
remained among his people for a very long time, but none except a very
few believed his call.So the rest were taken away by the flood, as
they were wrong-doers.
Ibraaheem :
Indeed Prophet Ibraaheem was a trueMuslim, avoiding any creed except
that of Islam(submitting oneself to Allaah only, and following His
commands),and believing that Islam is the first and final message to
the whole of humanity. This was also the belief of those who succeeded
him from among his progeny: Ismaa`eel (Ishmael), Is-haaq (Isaac),
Ya`qoob (Jacob), and Al-Asbaat (the twelve descendants of Jacob who
form the twelve tribes of Israel), may Allaah exalt their mention.
They passed this creed on to Prophet Moosaa (Moses) and `Eesaa
(Jesus), may Allaahexalt their mention, and the matter finally
concluded with the Muslim descendents of Ibraaheem .
The story of Ibraaheem in the Noble Quran shows us that the
orderlyconduct of living, the manner of morals, and principles of
behaviour and ethics cannot be implemented and firmly upheld except if
the `Aqeedah (creed) connects the spirit with the body. Indeed,
Ibraaheem was at the peak of his youth when Allaah, the High and
Exalted, gave him maturity and adulthood, as he denounced the
worshipping of idols by destroying them. He ridiculed and mocked them,
and finally smashed them into pieces. Not only that, but he also
ridiculed the mentality of the people, and opposed them, saying (what
means): "Uff to you and to what you worship instead of Allaah. Then
will you not use reason?" [Quran: 21:67]
Thereafter, his people were overtaken by pride,which lead them to
offence, just as it always does the tyrant oppressors and the
powerless alike, when they have no proof. So, they resorted to
outrageous, tyrannical force, and severe punishment; they said to him
(what means): "…Burn him and support your gods – if you are to act."
[Quran: 21:68]
But, Allaah's mercy and assistance for those who call others to Him
totally voided their sayings and nullified their plan (to throw
Ibraaheem intoa blazing fire); Allaah Says (what means): "We [i.e.,
Allaah] said: 'O Fire! Be coolness and safety upon Ibraaheem." [Quran:
21:69] Take a good look at the 'father of prophets'. He suffered, but
was patient;and was gifted. In return,he was thankful, so the generous
end (of this conflict) was befitting to him because of his graceful
patience. From his progeny, the best of nations were sent out to the
people, guiding with the Command of Allaah, and establishing Allaah's
legislature upon guidance and light. So, similar action must be
displayed by the people of Da'wah: being patient in the face of
rejection, and in suffering in the Path of Allaah.

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