Dua seeking good in this world and in the hereafter

رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِى ٱلْأَخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً
وَقِنَا عَذَابَٱلنَّارِ
Translation
And of them there are some (righteous believers) who say:
"Our Lord! Give us in this world that which is good and in the
Hereafter that which is good, and save us from the torment of the
Fire!"
Note:
1. It is incorrect to ask from Allah for this world only. Allah
mentions this misbehavior in the preceding ayah as;
… But of mankind there are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us (Your
Bounties) in this world!" and for such there will be no portion in the
Hereafter. (2:200)
2. This was one dua the prophet of Allah (may the peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him) used to say in abundance.Transliteration
rabbanaaa aatinaa fid-dunyaa ḥasanatan wa fil-aakhirati ḥasanatan wa
qinaa ‛adhaab-an-naar
Sources: Surah Al-Baqarah (2:201)

The Battle of Thaat-ur-Riqaa'

The names of some of the battlesthat occurred during the lifetime of
the Prophet and his Companions were derived from the extent of
suffering and hardship experienced by them forthe sake of Da'wah
(calling to Islam) and for the sake of spreading it.
Here, we will discuss the events of a particular battle during which
the Companions experienced the highest degree of hardship to the
extent that they wore shreds of leather and pieces of cloth instead of
shoes and sandals. According to Islamichistory, the events of that
battle took place in the sixth Hijri year.
After overcoming the evil plottingof the Jews in Madeenah and after
defeating the Quraysh and its allies, there was still another danger:
the heartless Bedouins, who were living in the desert of Najd. These
people derived their livelihood from highway robbery. On one hand, the
Prophet wanted to put an end to that danger and to overcome this
evil,while on the other hand, he wanted to provide the region with
security and protection. Hence, when the Prophet heard that those
people were preparing to fight him, he was determined to retaliate,
and he commanded his Companions to prepare themselves for the battle.
They immediately responded to his command and prepared for the fight -
and they numbered either 400 or 700 fighters.
The Prophet set out along with his army from Madeenah. They realized
from the outset that there were many hardships awaiting them as there
was a severe shortage in mounts. Every six or seven men had to take
turns on a single camel. What made matters worse was the unevenness of
the earth and the sharp stones that tore their shoes and their
fingernails. Hence, they had to wrap their feet in shreds of cloth and
leather, and this was why the battle came to be known as that of
Thaat-ur-Riqaa'. In Saheeh Al-Bukhaari and Saheeh Muslim, aHadeeth was
narrated on the authority of Abu Moosa Al-'Ash'ari who said, "We would
wrap our feet with shreds, and that is why the battle was called as
such: Thaat-ur-Riqaa'."
The Muslim army proceeded until they reached Nakhl, a place that
belonged to Banu Ghatafaan. When the Bedouins heard about the arrival
of the Muslim army, they panicked and realized the seriousness of the
matter. They then fled into the mountains, leaving behind their women
and children .
However, the Prophet was anxious that they might return and
unexpectedly attack the Muslims, particularly because it was time to
pray and the polytheists had been waiting for this moment when they
could take the Muslims by surprise.
Meanwhile, Allaah The Exalted relieved the Muslims of that hardship
and revealed the verse in which He prescribed the prayerof fear and
explained how the Muslims could perform it. Allaah the Exalted Says
(what means): {And when you are among them and lead them in prayer,
let a group of them stand [in prayer] with you and let them carry
their arms. And when they have prostrated, let them be [in position]
behind you and have the other group come forward which has not [yet]
prayed and let them pray with you, taking precaution and carrying
their arms. Those who disbelieve wish that you would neglect your
weapons and your baggage so they could come down upon you in one
[single] attack. But there isno blame upon you, if you are troubled by
rain or are ill, for putting down your arms, but take precaution.
Indeed, Allaah has prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating
punishment.} [Quran 4: 102]
So, the Prophet obeyed the Commands of his Lord and performed the
prayer along with the Muslims as described in the verse. They finished
their prayer and none of the feared expectations of the Prophet
materialized. Having achieved what he wanted from that confrontation,
the Prophet chose to return to Madeenah .
On his way to Madeenah, as nightapproached, the Prophet appointed two
men, one of the Muhaajiroon and one of the Ansaar, 'Ammaar ibn Yaasir
and 'Abbaad ibn Bishr to take turns guarding the camp. 'Abbaad chose
the first part of the night and so he stood up to pray. One of the
polytheists seized this opportunity and shot him with an arrow. He
quietly pulled it out and threw it away and continued with his prayer.
Then, the polytheist shot him with a second and third arrow. However,
he continued with his prayer until he completed it. It was only then
that he awoke 'Ammaar, so that he could rescuehim. When the polytheist
saw this, he fled in terror. When 'Ammaar saw him bleeding, he said,
"Glory be to Allaah! Why did you not wake me up from thebeginning?"
'Abbaad answered, "I was reciting a chapter from the Quran and I did
not like to stop before I had completed it ."
The next day, the Muslims rose early in the morning and marched until
noon. When it wastime to take a rest, the Prophet stopped and the
people dispersed to sit under the shade of some trees. A Bedouin came
and found the Prophet sleeping, and his sword which was left hanging
from the tree while the Companions were dispersed throughout the
valley. He picked up the sword of the Prophet stood at his head and
said to him, "Is there anyone who can protect you from me?" He thought
that he had the Prophet under his control buthe did not know that
Allaah The Almighty had promised to protect and take care of him. The
Prophet with full certainty and confidence said: "Allaah."
Immediately, the Bedouin lost control of himself, and trembled until
the sword fell from his hand. The Prophet then picked up the sword and
said to him: "Is there anyone who can protect you from me?" The man
apologized to the Prophet and begged to be set free. The Prophet said
to him: "Will youtestify that none is worthy of worship except
Allaah?" The man said, "No, but I promise I will never fight you or be
with those who fight you." Then the Prophet freed him and his
forgivenesshad the greatest influence on that Bedouin, such that when
he returned to his people, he said, "Ihave met the best of mankind ."
These were the events of that battle. Allaah The Exalted cast terror
into the hearts of the Bedouins and, therefore, neither the tribes of
Ghatafaan nor any other tribe dared to raise their heads and attack
the Muslims again, so much so that Allaah TheExalted willed that these
tribes would adopt Islam and participate in the conquest of Makkah and
the battle of Hunayn.

Encyclopedia Britannica

" a mass of detail in the early sources shows that he was an honest
and upright man who had gained the respect and loyalty of others who
were likewise honest andupright men." (Vol. 12)

The Description of Paradise – III

The Soil of Paradise
Describing the soil of Paradise, the Prophet Muhammad said:
"I entered Paradise, where I saw lights of pearl, its soil was musk."
[Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]
Ibn Sayyaad asked the Messenger about the soil of Paradise. He said,
"It is a fine white powder of pure musk." [Muslim and Ahmad]
Abu Hurayrah said: "I asked, 'O' Messenger of Allaah, 'From what are
people created?' He said: "From water." We (present Companions) asked,
'From what is Paradise built?' He said, 'Bricks of gold and silver and
mortar of fragrant musk; its pebbles are pearls and rubies, and its
soil is saffron. Whoever enters it is blessed with joy and will never
bemiserable; he will remain there forever and will never die; his
clothes will never wear out and his youth will never fade away.'"
[Ahmad and others]
The Rivers of Paradise
Allaah, the Most High and Exalted,has told us that rivers flow from
beneath Paradise. He Says in the Quran (what means):
{And give good tidings to those who believe and do righteous deeds
that they will have gardens[in Paradise] beneath which riversflow.}
[Quran 2: 25]
Allaah also Says (what means): {Those will have gardens of perpetual
residence; beneath them rivers will flow.} [Quran 18: 31]
The Prophet has told us clearly about the rivers of Paradise. He said
that during his Mi'raaj' (miraculous Ascension to the heavens):
"...I saw four rivers flowing out from beneath Sidrat Al-Muntaha (the
Lote Tree in the seventh heaven), two visible and two hidden. I asked,
'O Jibreel (Gabriel), what are these rivers?' He said, 'The two hidden
rivers are rivers of Paradise, and the two visible rivers are the Nile
and the Euphrates." [Muslim]
Imaam Al-Bukhaari reported from Anas Ibn Maalik that theMessenger of
Allaah said: "I was shown As-Sidrah (Lote Tree), where I saw four
rivers, two visible rivers and two hidden rivers. The two visible
rivers are the Nile and the Euphrates, and the two hidden rivers are
rivers inParadise."
Moreover, the Messenger of Allaah said: "Seehaan and Jeehaan (the
Euphrates and the Nile) are all from the rivers of Paradise." [Muslim]
Shaykh Al-Albaani said: "Perhaps what is meant is that these rivers
originated from Paradise just as mankind did; thisHadeeth does not
contradict the well-established fact that these rivers spring forth
from known sources on earth. If this is not in fact the meaning of
this Hadeeth,then it is one of the matters of the Unseen (Al-Ghayb),
which we must believe and accept because the Prophet has told us
aboutit." [Silsilat Al-A Haadeeth As-Saheehah, 1/18]
Al-Qaari said: "These four rivers are considered to be among the
rivers of Paradise, because they are so sweet and digestive, so fresh
and wholesome. They contain blessings from Allaah, and are honored by
the fact that the Prophet came to them and drank from them." [Mishkaat
Al-Masaabeeh 3/80
Another of the rivers of Paradise is Al-Kawthar which Allaah, the
Almighty has given to His Messenger according His Saying (which
means):
{Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muhammad], Al-Kawthar.} [Quran 108: 1]
The Prophet saw it during his Ascension and told us about it. He said:
"Whilst I was walkingin Paradise, I saw a river whose banks were domes
of hollow pearls. I asked, 'What is this, O' Jibreel?' He said, 'This
is Al-Kawthar which your Lord has given to you.' Its scent - or its
mud - was of fragrant musk." Hudbah [one of the narrators] was not
sure if he said Teeb (scent) or Teen (mud). [Al-Bukhaari]
On the other hand, Ibn Katheer compiled a number of Ahadeeth in which
the Prophet spoke about A1-Kawthar, such as the Hadeeth narrated by
Muslim from Anas, which states that when the verse (which means): "
{Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muhammad], Al-Kawthar.} , was
revealed, the Prophet said:
"Do you know what Al-Kawthar is?" They said, "Allaah and His Messenger
know best." He said, "It is a river that Allaah has promised to me,
and in it is muchgoodness." [Muslim]
He also quoted the Hadeeth narrated by Ahmad from Anas according to
which the Prophet said:
"I have been given Al-Kawthar, which is a river flowing across the
face of the earth; its banks are domes of pearl and it is not covered.
I touched its mud with my hand, and found that it was fragrant musk,
and its pebbles were pearls." [Ahmad]
According to another Hadeeth, also narrated by Ahmad from Anas the Prophet said:
"It is a river that Allaah has given to me in Paradise. Its mud is
musk and its water is whiter than milk and sweeter than honey. Birds
with necks like the necks of camels drink from it." [Ahmad]
The rivers of Paradise do not contain just water. There are rivers of
water, of milk, of wine and of clear honey. Allaah, the Most High and
Exalted, Says (whatmeans):
{Is the description of Paradise, which the righteous are promised,
wherein are rivers of water unaltered, rivers of milk the taste of
which never changes,rivers of wine delicious to those who drink, and
rivers of purified honey, in which they will have from all [kinds of]
fruits and forgiveness from their Lord, like [that of] those who abide
eternally in the Fire and are given to drink scalding water that will
sever their intestines.} [Quran 47: 15]
Moreover, the Messenger of Allaah said: "In Paradise thereis a sea of
honey, a sea of wine, a sea of milk and a sea of water, and the rivers
flow out of these seas." [At-Tirmithi]
He also told us of a river called Baariq, which flows by the gate of
Paradise. During the period of Barzakh (the time between death and the
Day of Resurrection), the martyrs will bebeside this river. Ahmad,
At-Tabaraani and Al-Haakim reported from Ibn 'Abbaas that the
Messenger of Allaah said:
"The martyrs are in a green domebeside the river of Baariq, by the
gate of Paradise, from which provision comes to them morning and
evening." [Al-Jaami']