Dought & clear,- She swore that she would not speak to her and she sent her a text message; has she brokenher oath?.

A Muslim woman swore that she would not speak to another Muslim woman
because of a dispute that had arisen between them. Then the other
woman sent her several text messages, repeatedly, so the first woman
responded by a text message. Now the first woman is asking: doI have
to offer expiation for breaking an oath or not? What should I do if
Iwant to talk to her again?.
Praise be to Allaah.
If a person swears that he will not speak to someone, then writes a
message to him, there is a difference of opinion among the fuqaha' as
to whether he has broken his oath. The Hanafis andShaafa'is say that
he has not broken his oath.
The Maalikis and Hanbalis are of the view that he has broken his oath;
they regard sending messages and letters as coming under the same
heading as speaking.
But the more correct view is that writing is not regarded as speaking.
However we should examine the intention of the one who swore the oath
andthe motive that made him swear that oath. If he intended only to
prevent himself speaking verbally, then he has not broken his oath. If
he intended to prevent all kinds of communication, or if themotive for
swearing the oath was that he did notwant to communicate at all, then
he has broken his oath by writing.
It says in al-Mabsoot (9/23): If he wrote to him or sent a message, he
has not broken his oath because we stated that speaking can only be
verbal. Do you not see that none of us regards it as permissible to
say "Allah spoke to me", although His Book and His Messenger have come
to us? Rather we say that Allah spoke to Moosa, because he heard His
words withoutany intermediary. End quote.
It says in Kashshaaf al-Qinaa' (6/259): If he swears not to speak to
anyone, he breaks his oath by speaking to any person, male or female,
young or old, sane or insane. If the one who swore the oath writes a
letter or sends a message with a messenger, he has broken his oath,
becauseAllah, may He be exalted,says (interpretation of the meaning):
"It is not given to any human being that Allah should speak to him
unless (it be) by Inspiration, or from behind a veil, or (that) He
sends a Messenger" [ash-Shoora 42:51]. And 'Aa'ishah said: What is
between the covers of the Mushaf is the words of Allah. And because
this a means of communicating with people, so it is like speaking.
However, it says in ash-Sharh wa'l-Mubdi': The correct view is that
this is not speech. But if he intended not to communicate with him or
if the reason for his oath was the intention to shun him, then he
hasbroken his oath, unless the one who swore the oath intended not to
speak verbally to him, in which case he has not broken his oath by
writing or sending a message. End quote.
See: Mawaahib al-Jaleel, 3/299; Mughni al-Muhtaaj, 6/218
Secondly:
If she did not break her oath and there was something good to be
attained by speaking to this woman, then she should speak to her and
offer expiation for breaking her oath, because of the hadeeth of 'Abd
ar-Rahmaan ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: The
Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said:
"If you swear to do something then see that something else is better
than it, then do that which is better and offer expiation for your
oath."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari,6343; Muslim, 1652
It was narrated that Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him)
said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon
him) said: "Whoever swears an oath then sees that something else is
better than it, let him do that and offer expiation for his oath."
Narrated by Muslim, 1650
But if the oath was broken by writing to her– according to the details
discussed above –then she is no longer bound by her oath and she may
speak to her, but she has to offer expiation for breaking her oath.
And Allah knows best.

Dought & clear,- He did ghusl with the intention of doing it for Jumu‘ah and he forgot about doing it for janaabah; did it remove his impurity?.

There is a person who was in a state of janaabah and he wanted to do
ghusl for janaabah, but he said: I shall wait until the time for
Jumu'ah comes, then I will do one ghusl for both Jumu'ah and janaabah.
That was afterFajr prayer. But when the time for Jumu'ah came, he did
ghusl for Jumu'ah and forgot to intend to do ghusl for janaabah. Then
he prayed for an entire day,until Zuhr on Saturday, and he led the
people in praying Zuhr. Then after Zuhr he remembered. Was his prayer
and the prayer of the people valid? Should he tell the people about
that?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
It is better for the one who is in a state of janaabah to hasten to do
ghusl lest he forget. This has been discussed previously in the
answerto question no. 20847
Secondly:
If a person does ghusl for Jumu'ah and forgets about being in a state
ofmajor impurity, his impurity is removed, according to the correct
scholarly opinion. Al-Bahooti (may Allah have mercy on him) said:If he
intends to do a Sunnah ghusl, such as ghusl for Jumu'ah or 'Eid, it
suffices for an obligatory ghusl such as in the case of janaabah and
so on, if he forgot about the impurity which made it obligatory.
End quote from Kashshaaf al-Qinaa', 1/89.
Al-Hajjaawi said in Zaad al-Mustaqni': If he intended to do a
Sunnahghusl, it suffices for an obligatory one. End quote.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: For example,
if he does ghusl after washing a deceased person or he does ghusl for
entering ihraam or for standing in 'Arafah, these are Sunnah ghusls.
The sameapplies to ghusl for Jumu'ah according to the majority of
scholars.
The apparent meaning of the author's words (al-Hajjaawi) – which is
our madhhab – is: If he remembers that he had to do an obligatory
ghusl, some of our companions limited it to the case where he forgot
that he was in a state of impurity, i.e., he forgot about being in a
state of janaabah. If he had not forgotten that then it does not
remove the impurity, because the Sunnah ghusl is not done to remove
impurity, and if it was not done to remove impurity, the Prophet
(blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: "Actions are but by
intentions," and this man only intended to dothe Sunnah ghusl and
heknew that he was in a state of janaabah and was aware of that, so
how could it remove the impurity?
This opinion – which restricts it to cases where one forgot – is valid.
The basis for this view is that because the Sunnahghusl is an act of
purification that is prescribed in sharee'ah, it does remove the
impurity. But this explanation is somewhatflawed, because there is no
doubt that it is a ghusl that is prescribed in sharee'ah, but it is of
a lesser standing that obligatory ghusl for janaabah, so how can a
Sunnah action be strong enough to suffice for an obligatory action
that is of a higher standing?
But if he had forgotten, then he is excused.
For example, if he did ghusl for Jumu'ah – on the basis that it is
Sunnah – and he was in a state of janaabah but did not remember that,
or he did not realise thathe had been in a state ofjanaabah until
after the prayer, such as if he had a wet dream and did notrealise
until after the prayer, then his Jumu'ahprayer is valid because the
impurity was removed.
But if he was aware of it and he intended to do the Sunnah ghusl only,
then the view that it suffices is not quite certain.
End quote from ash-Sharh al-Mumti', 1/201
Based on that, your ghusl was valid and did remove the janaabah, and
your prayer was valid.
And Allah knows best.

Jinn-Spirits,- Questions and Answers on Jinns

Questions and Answers on Jinns
Question 1: Who are the jinn?
The jinn are among the creatures that Allah (swt)created. Allah (swt)
created angels, jinn, mankind, animals, plantsand others. Jinn have
some qualities like human beings. These qualities are intellect,
discrimination, freedom,and the power to choosebetween right and
wrong, between true and false, as well as between good and bad.
Question 2: When did Allah (swt) create the jinn?
Allah (swt) created the jinn before Adam (pbuh)was created. Both were
created in heaven and lived in paradise. One may read in Surah
Al-Hijr(The Rocky Tract) [Qur'an, 15:26-27]. However, nothing was
mentioned about the duration of time of the jinn's creation before
Adam (pbuh).
Question 3: What are jinn created from?
Jinn are created from fire of hot wind [Qur'an, 15:27]; and from
smokeless fire [Qur'an, 55:15]. They were originally made from fire
and then molded and shaped in the form and shape that Allah (swt)
wanted them to be.
Question 4: Do jinn have bodies?
Yes and no! It depends upon the information that one has. One group of
scholars believe that jinn do not have bodies of their own. They also
do not inhabit bodies of other creatures. However, they do exist
independently by themselves. Therefore, they do not know how they
exist without bodies: smoke, flame, fire or what?
The other group of scholars do believe that jinn do have bodies either
definite or subtle. If their bodies are definite then they have some
density; otherwise,if they are subtle, then they are so fine that our
weak eyes cannot see them. One may read Surah Al-A'raf (The Heights)
[Qur'an, 7:27]. Even if they are subtle they should have weightand
density similar to that of the air itself.
Question 5: Do jinn die?
Yes. Jinn do die. As long as they are creatures created by Allah
(swt), they should die. They arecreatures that marry, produce
children, eat, drink, and die like all other creatures in the
universe. One may read Qur'an Surah Al-Rahman (The Most Merciful)
[Qur'an, 55:26-28].
Question 6: Do the jinn feel envy of us?
Yes. There are two types of evil eye: human and the jinn. One has to
read regularly 'A'oozu Billahi Minash-shaitanir Rajeem. Also, by
reading Ayah Al-Kursi and Al-Mu'awwazatain, one will be protected from
the evil eyes of both the jinn and mankind.
Question 7: Are there messengers and prophets from within the community of jinn?
Yes. Allah (swt) has sent prophets and messengers to jinn from within
the jinn community. Also, Allah (swt) sent Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to
mankind, to jinn, and to other creatures. In SurahAl-An'am (The
Cattle), Allah (swt) explains that He sent messengers to men and to
jinn. See Qur'an [6:130].
Question 8: Do jinn have different religions, sects and denominations?
In Surah Al-Jinn (Ch. 72), Allah (swt) informs us that some jinn
accepted Islam, while others refused. Those who refused have deviated,
and developed for themselves different methods, different ways of
life, and different religions, sects and denominations.
Question 9: Do jinn marry and have children?
Yes. Jinn do marry and they do have children. The way they marry is
not known to us yet. We may be able to know thefuture if Allah (swt)
wants us to know.
People never knew about microbes, viruses, and the unseen micro
creatures. Now we are able to know many things about their life
cycles, their life duration, their methods of duplication or
reproduction: sexually and asexually. The mere fact that we do not
know how the jinn marry and reproduce does not negate their being
married and reproduced. The Qur'an stipulates in Surah Al-Kahf (18:50)
that they have offsprings. Similarly, the Qur'an states in Surah
Al-Rahman (55:56) that jinn and human beings never touched
(married)the ladies of paradise.
Question 10: Do jinn have animals as pets?
Yes. Jinn do have animals or beasts of their own. The Prophet (pbuh)
mentioned that every piece of dung is fodder for the beasts of the
jinn. However, we do not know what type of beasts the jinn have. The
same thing is to be said as to the varieties ofbeasts, their number,
their shape, their size, their weight and so on.
Question 11: Do jinn have homes of their own?
Yes. The jinn do have homes. They live all over the planet earth.
However, there are special places that one may find them in abundance
and on a regular basis. These are deserts, ruins, places of impurities
such as dunghills, bathrooms and graveyards. They live in houses of
human beings too. For those who enter their houses mentioning the name
of Allah (swt), the jinn cannot have a place to stay overnight in that
house. If the people of the house mention the name of Allah (swt)
before eating, then the shaitan will not be able to eat with them.
Question 12: Is it true that animals see jinn andangels?
Yes. Animals do see angels and shaitan. When a rooster sees an angel,
it starts crowing. However, when a donkey starts braying it is seeing
a jinn.

Jinn-Spirits,- The First Muslim Jinns

Allaah tells us that some of the jinn said (interpretation of the meaning):
" 'And some of us are Muslims, and of us some are al-qaasitoon
(disbelievers - those whohave deviated from the Right Path). And
whosoever has embraced Islam, then such have sought the Right Path.
And as for the qaasitoon, they shall be firewood for Hell.'" [al-Jinn
72:14-15]
The Muslims among the jinn are of different levels as regards
righteousness and taqwa. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"[Some jinn said:] 'There are among us some that are righteous, and
some the contrary; we are groups, each having a different way
(religious sects, etc.)'" [al-Jinn 72:11]
The story of how the first jinns of this ummah became Muslims was
narrated by 'Abd-Allaah ibn 'Abbaas, who said:"The Prophet (peace
andblessings of Allaah be upon him) went out with a group of his
Companions heading forthe marketplace of 'Ukaaz. This was when the
shayaateen were prevented from getting any news from heaven, and
shooting stars had been sent against them. The shayaateen went back to
their people, who said, 'What is the matter with you?' They said, 'We
cannot get news from heaven, and shooting stars were sent against us.'
Their people said, 'Nothing is stopping you from hearing news from
heaven except some new event that must have happened. Go and look in
the east and the west of the earth, and see if you can find out what
it is that is stopping you from hearing news from heaven.' Those who
went out in the direction of Tihaamah came upon the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) in Nakhlah, when he was on his way to
'Ukaaz, and found him leading his Companions in Fajr prayer. When they
heardthe Qur'aan, they listened to it and said, 'By Allaah, this is
what is stopping us from hearing news from heaven.' When they went
back to their people, they said, 'O our people, we have heard
awonderful Recital (the Qur'aan). It guides to theRight Path, and we
have believed therein, and weshall never join (in worship) anything
with our Lord (Allaah). [al-Jinn 72:2 - interpretation of the
meaning]. Then Allaah revealed to His Prophet peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) the words (interpretation of the meaning): "Say (O
Muhammad): 'It has been revealed to me that a group of jinns listened
(to this Qur'aan)...' [al-Jinn 72:1],and Allaah revealed to him what
the jinn had said." (reported by al-Bukhaari, 731).