Names and Attributes of Allaah - , Using the masculine pronoun “He” when referring to Allah, may He be exalted.

Why when refering to Allah in the Quran or Hadeeth we say HE or HIM
how do we know that allah is a he, I had a non muslim girl come upto
me saying why dont you say she or her why isit you say he?.
Praise be to Allaah.
We do not know to whom we should address our answer. Should we speak
to you, as you are the one who put this question to us, or should we
address that girl with whom the Shaytaan is toying and causing her to
say audacious things about Allah, may He be exalted,when He is giving
her respite? She has not stopped at disbelieving in Him; rather she
has gone further by trying toexpress her foolish ideas, that anyone
with (sound) reasoning would not accept even ifhe was a disbeliever
like her. And you – and here is the cause of the problem – are
listening to her and you think that she said something worth asking
about and are anxious to find an answer for her.
Whatever the case, we are concerned now for you, because she did
notask us and she is not a follower of our religion such that we could
give her an answer on the basis of what we believe, although our
answer will, in sha Allah, be appropriate to answer her too, if she is
one of those among her people who possess reason.
You should know that the reason for this girl's question is her
ignorance of the Arabic language that we speak and, indeed, her
ignorance of other languages.
The linguist Abul-Fath ibn Jinni said: Chapter on that in which
knowledge of Arabic could ensure sound understanding of religious
beliefs. It should be noted that thischapter is one of the most
important chaptersin this book and that thebenefit thereof is very
great indeed. That is because for most of the Muslims who went astray
from the right path and drifted away from proper understanding, what
caused them to go astrayand go against what reason dictates is their
weak understanding of this noble language through which all of mankind
are addressed, and the ultimate fate of a person, whether in Paradise
or Hell, is connected to understanding this language…. End quote.
al-Khasaa'is, 3/248
It should be noted that one of the basic principles of communication
is that everything is to be spoken of in such a way that it makes it
stand outand distinguishes its gender. This is an ancient phenomenon
in human languages, but there are some things that have nothing to do
with real gender, as is the case with inanimate objects such as stones
and mountains, and concepts such as justice and generosity, and so on.
In these cases, masculinity and femininity are not applicable in the
true sense of these two words. It seems that this is the reason why
some languages divide nouns into three categories: masculine,
feminine, anda third category which in Indo-European languages is
called neuter; this refers to thatwhich is neither masculine nor
feminine.
But not all human languages have this category. Semitic languages, for
example, divide nouns of the thirdcategory, which is neuter, between
the firsttwo categories. So nouns in these languages are all either
masculine or feminine.
This is also the case in the French language, in which all nouns can
onlybe either masculine or feminine. English differs from French in
this regard.
See the Introduction by Dr. Ramadan 'Abd at-Tawwaab (may Allah have
mercy on him) to the book al-Bulghah fi'l-Mudhakkar wa'l-Mu'annath by
Ibn al-Anbaari, 37-39
Now we know that dividing things into masculine and feminine – even in
the case of thatwhich cannot really be described as such – is
thefeature of most languages, especially living languages that
arespoken now, and this is not something that is unique to Arabic. So
now you know that if it is possible to describe anything as being
eithermasculine or feminine, when it cannot be described as such in
any real sense, then a language may prefer to speak of something in
the masculine, as that is easier and it is the basic principle; there
is no need to add any specific marker [such as an extra letter or
syllable to indicate the feminine], as the feminine stems from the
masculine.
The imam of the grammarians, Seebawayh (may Allah have mercy on him)
said:It should be noted that the masculine form is easier for them to
use than the feminine, because the masculine form is the original and
is more established (in the language), and the feminine form is
derivedfrom the masculine. Do you not see that the word ash-shay'
(thing) isapplicable to everything that we know about, regardless of
whether it is masculine or feminine,and the word ash-shay' is a
masculine noun.
Kitaab Seebawayh, 1/22;see also 3/241
If the matter may be either of two things, but one of them is more
likely than the other, even in one sense, it then becomes inevitable
that the Lord should have the nobler and more sublime of the two.
As-Sawaa'iq, 4/1308
Hence you will find that most of those who believe that there is a God
above the heavens refer to Him in the masculine, which is more
befitting to Him, may He be glorified. Thisis something natural that
does not need any research, examination orevidence. You will not find
anyone, knowledgeable or ignorant, monotheist or polytheist, who does
notrefer to God, may He be exalted, as "He". If anyone were to refer
to Him in the feminine, as this poor girl said, he would be opposed
and accused of ignorance and clear misguidance.
So how about if we add to the above what Allah, may He be exalted, has
said of Himself in His holy Book – and indeed in all the revealed
Books – using that (masculine) pronoun.
Allah, may He be exalted,says (interpretation of the meaning):
"It is He Who has createdthe heavens and the earth in truth, and on
the Day (i.e. the Day of Resurrection) He will say:"Be!", - and it
shall become. His Word is the truth. His will be the dominion on the
Day when the trumpet will be blown. All-Knower of the unseen and the
seen.He is the All-Wise, Well-Aware (of all things)."
[al-An'aam 6:73]
"And He it is Who originates the creation, then will repeat it (after
it has been perished), and this is easier for Him. His is the highest
description (i.e. none has the right to be worshipped but He, and
there is nothing comparable unto Him) inthe heavens and in the earth.
And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise."
[ar-Room 30:27]
"It is He (Allah) Who is the only Ilah (God to be worshipped) in the
heaven and the only Ilah(God to be worshipped) on the earth. And He is
the All-Wise, the All-Knower."
[az-Zukhruf 43:84].
And there are many similar verses, too many to list here.
Moreover, Allah, may He be exalted, criticised the mushrikeen
(polytheists)for their claim to worship Allah, the One, the Subduer,
yet they worshipped females besides Him, and He criticised them for
that and explained how abhorrent their deeds were. Allah, may He be
exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
"They (all those who worship others than Allah) invoke nothing but
female deities besides Him (Allah), and they invoke nothing but
Shaitan (Satan), a persistent rebel!"
[an-Nisa' 4:117].
Imam at-Tabari (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Here Allah, may He
be glorified, is saying: With regard to these people who associated
others with Allah and worshipped idols and rivals, it is sufficient
evidence against them of misguidance, disbelief and going astray from
the right path, to note that they worshipped females and called them
"gods" and "lords", when the feminine of any thing is inferior,
andthey affirmed their servitude to that which is inferior of any
thing, even though they knew that it was inferior, and they refused to
devote sincere worship to the One Who is in control of all things and
in Whose hand is the creation and the commandment.
Tafseer at-Tabari, 9/211, Mahmoud Shaakir edn.
Shaykh Ibn Sa'di (may Allah have mercy on him) said: That is, these
mushrikeen do not call upon and worship besides Allah anything but
that which is feminine, namely idols and statues with feminine names,
such as al-'Uzza, Manaat and so on.
It is well known that the name is indicative of thething that is
named. If the names are feminine and inferior, that may point to some
inferiorityin the thing that is thus named, and they suggestthat it is
lacking attributes of perfection, as Allah has told us in more than
one place in His book that they cannot create, provide or protect
their worshippers, or even bring any benefit or ward off any harm from
themselves, and they cannot defend themselves against anyone who wants
to harm them; they cannot hear or see or understand. So how can the
one that is like that be worshipped instead of the One to Whom belong
the most beautiful names and sublime attributes such as
praiseworthiness, perfection, glory, majesty, might, beauty, mercy,
kindness, compassion, the unique power to create and control, and
great wisdom in all that He commands and decrees?
Is that not the most abhorrent thing that is indicative of a person's
imperfection and reaching the lowest levelof baseness that is
worsethan anyone could imagine or describe?
End quote from Tafseer as-Sa'di, 203.
However, we would like to point out that Allah, may He be exalted,
cannot be described as masculine or feminine inany true sense; rather
that (use of the masculine pronoun) is necessary for the purpose of
communication in human languages and what people need in communicating
ideas about Allah. Everything that is either masculine or feminine is
somethingthat is created and Allah,may He be exalted, is theCreator of
the masculine and feminine.
"And that He (Allah) creates the pairs, male and female"
[al-Najm 53:45].
Exalted be Allah above having any rival or peer, spouse or child.
"He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. How can He have
children when He has nowife? He created all things and He is the
All-Knower of everything."
[al-An 'a am 6:101].
Allah tells us about the believers among the jinnthat when they heard
the Qur'aan, they believed in it and acknowledged their Lord, may He
be glorified:
"And exalted be the Majesty of our Lord, He has taken neither a
wife,nor a son (or offspring or children)."
[al-Jinn 72:3].
What you have to do is tell her to look into her Scripture, if she
believes that there is a God who sent a Messenger and revealed a Book
to him; let her look in it and learn why.
If she burst with anger and her heart was filled with anger because
she is female and Allah, may He be exalted, cannot bedescribed in the
feminine, then kufr in our times has reached such a level of craziness
that you find a female wanting to stand up for her gender, on the
basis of truth or falsehood, like the attitude of thosewho are
ignorant and feel inadequate, so they try to compensate for that even
on the basis offalsehood.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:The
one who defends himself on the basis of falsehood wants to defend
everything he says, even if it is wrong.
Majmoo' al-Fataawa, 10/292
If the ignorance and feeling of inadequacy has reached the level of
likening Allah to His creation and even to thefemale of His creation,
this is a state that even the ignorant Arabs in their worship of idols
did not reach, for they knew that Allah, the Creator and Provider, was
far greater than those idols and it was not befitting that He should
be like them.
Beware of every ignorant heretic and remember that a person would
follow the religion of his friend, so watch you make friends with.
"Glorified be your Lord, the Lord of Honour and Power! (He is free)
from what they attribute untoHim!"
[as-Saaffaat 37:180].
And Allah knows best.

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Fatwa - , A case of doubtful marriage and div..

Question
i commited zina with a boy and fearing allah instead of giving
kuffarah i married the same boy in presence of qazi without my
elders/witness going against them.after three months i got concieved
and i gave birth to a baby boy in the month oframadan.in my 2.5 yrs of
my married life my husband has given talaq more than three times but
regret that it was done in immense anger and mentalpressure though he
loves me very much.knowing this my elders have advised to take qula as
i may indulge in a haram relation and i took qula with the intention
to keep away from haram even i love him very much and there was no
hatred between us.now we want to reunite in thelight of islam and what
is the status of my son as i fear he is haram because invalid
marriages are treated void by rasoolallah.what possibleislamic steps
to be taken to bond as a islamic wife and husband making ourbaby as
legal.please suggest soon as its only 5 days of my qula.
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify
that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad
, is His Slave and Messenger.
Your question is a bit ambiguous as you did not mention whether or not
your marriage was with the consent of your guardian, and whether or
not you had witnesses for it at all, or you did nothave the elders of
your family as witnesses, but you had other people as witnesses.
Therefore, in our view, you should orally ask a trustworthy scholar in
your country about it. Nonetheless, wewill mention a general answer
here which will be in the following points:
1- It is an obligation to repent from Zina (fornication or adultery);
the conditions of a sincere repentance are mentioned in Fatwa 86527 ,
so please refer to it.
2- The marriage of a person who committed Zina to the woman with whom
he has committed Zina before they both repent and before making sure
that she is not pregnant from Zina isan issue upon which the jurists
differed in opinion. In this regard please refer to Fataawa 83176 and
89292 .
3- There are conditions that should be met for a marriage to be valid,
andthese are discussed in Fatwa 83629 . The most important of which
are the (consent of the) guardian and the presence of two witnesses.
If one of these conditions is not met, themarriage is void. However,
if there are children from this marriage, their lineage istraced back
to their father due to the doubt [i.e. due to the husband believing
that his marriage is valid] as we clarified in Fatwa 92478 .
4- The void marriage upon which there is a difference of opinion leads
to its effects; if the husband divorces, the divorce takes place. If
he divorces his wife three times, his wife becomes irrevocably
divorced from him with major separation and she is not lawful for him
again unless she marries another man who consummates the marriage with
her and then divorces her or dies.In cases where the husband can take
back his wife, then Khul' is considered as one irrevocable divorce
with minor separation and thehusband cannot take his wife back except
with a new contract. For more benefit on the kinds of divorce, please
refer to Fatwa 82541 .
5- If the three divorces are said at once, the divorce takes place
three times according to the view of the majority of the scholars
contrary to the view of Ibn Taymiyyah who is of the view that it takes
place once. For more benefit, please refer to Fataawa 82330 and 94110
.
6- Anger does not prevent divorce from taking place unless the person
does not know what he says. For more benefit on the divorce of an
angry person, please refer to Fataawa 121374 and 83467 .
Finally, we warn against illegitimate affectionate relationships
between boys and girls, as they are the source of much corruption and
evil.
Allaah Knows best.

Fatwa - , Husband's signature on a triple divorce

Question
Assalam Wa Alaikum, one of my brother got married on april 26th 2012.
& got khula on 9th of august 2012. now that girl wants to come back.
she has not married to anyone stills. she has sat for iddah for 40
days only& now she is doing job. my brother also wants her back. on
that time when khula was going on in the court my brother sign the
khula naama wthout reading the urdu documents( he didn't knw urdu) so
in that document they have been written 3 times maine aazad kiya below
that my brother got signed. so tell us the shariyath procedure howwe
can proceed for the re-marriege. we consult one mufti here he told
that it is not possible to remarry, coz that 3 times words converted
into talaq. so please guide us for remarriege of there both according
to islamicshariyat, i appriciate yourresponse as soon as possible.
Allah Hafeez.
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify
that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad
, is His Slave and Messenger.
Firstly, we could not get the meaning of the sentence in Urdu "maine
aazad kiya" and thus it is not clear to us.
Secondly, if the Sharee'ah-based court stated that uttering divorce
thrice takes effect and that such wife has become irrevocably divorced
with major separation from her husband, then the judge is fully aware
of his judgment. There might have been some circumstances that he
reviewed and based his ruling according to them while you did not know
them, and thus you did not mention them in your question. Hanafi
jurists have stated that if the husband has intended with Khul' to
divorce his wife three times, then three divorces take place.
Thirdly, the ruling of the judge cannot be overruled except if it goes
against consensus of scholars, text from the Quran and Sunnah, or
sound analogy as stated by scholars.
In conclusion, we have nothing to say on this case if the judge of the
Sharee'ah-based court has said his word about it, and if there is any
unclear matter, you can refer to that court.
Allaah Knows best.

Fatwa - , Her husband spends on his well off ..

Question
Respacted Scholar, My husband spending his sister family because her
husband is ill.But they have money too.Is it his right to spend on
them? Jzakkallah hair.
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify
that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad
, is His Slave and Messenger.
The money that your husband possesses is his own money and he has the
right to dispose of it as he wishes provided this is in what is
permissible. So, if he wants to keep ties with one of his kinship with
this money, he may do sowhether or not his relative has money. For
more benefit, please refer to Fatwa 83470 .
However, the wife has the right to ask her husband about her right if
he is negligent about it, but she has no right to object to him
spending on one of his relatives. Rather, if she urges him to do so,
it would be better for her because this will make her husband love her
and esteem her as she helps him in being kind and dutiful to his
family members and keeping ties with his kinship.
Allaah Knows best.