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Wednesday, September 19, 2012

Islamic architecture

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Architecture is one of the greatest Islamic art forms.An Islamic style
is seen in mosques but also in Muslim houses and gardens.
Some of the typical features are:
*. It's hidden - another term is "the architectureof the veil"
*. A traditional Islamic house is built around a courtyard, and shows
only a wall with no windows to the street outside
*. It thus protects the family, and family life from the people
outside,and the harsh environment of many Islamic lands - it's a
private world
*. Concentration on the interior rather than the outside of a building
- the common Islamic courtyard structure provides a space that is both
outside, and yet within the building
Another key idea, also used in town planning, is of a sequence of spaces.
Muhammad Ali mosque, Cairo ©
*. The mechanical structure of the buildingis de-emphasised
*. Buildings do not have a dominant direction
*. Large traditional houses will often have a complex double structure
that allows men to visit without running any risk of meeting the women
of the family
*. Houses often grow as the family grows - they develop according to
need, not to a grand design
Buildings are often highly decorated and colour is often a key feature.
But the decoration is reserved for the inside. Most often the only
exterior parts to be decorated will be the entrance and the dome.
Religious buildings in particular will often use geometry to symbolic effect.
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Origin Of Islam

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Islam is a word taken froman Arabic term, which means, "peace".
However, specialists call the meaning of the word as"submission",
which indicates towards the eternal submission in Allah's holy feet.
The Islam religion finds it's origin in South Arabia and dates back to
7th Century, whichis later to any other major religion existing in the
world. Despite it's more recent origin, the followersof Islam
constitute of the second largest population in the world after
Christians.
It was Prophet Muhammad who initiated disseminating the teachings of
Islam. He was born and brought up in the holy place Mecca. Although,
he married a young widow, yet he was never too much indulged in the
mundane world. He started giving sermons, which were so inspiring that
many people got attracted to his teachings. While he made so many
followers, there were many who were against him. Thus, he moved to
Medina, then known as Yathrib.
This is considered as the beginning of Islamic calendar and marks the
origin of Islam. Till his death, Muhammad converted a majority of Arab
population into Islam. The religion expanded as Arabs conquered
countries like Syria, Iran, Egypt and later when they shifted to
othercountries.
Muslims eventually got divided into two groups: Shia and Sunni right
after the death of Prophet Muhammad. Shia Muslims wanted somebody from
Muhammad should take mantle of Muhammad, whereas, Sunni Muslims wanted
the first Caliph to be their mentor. Ali, the Muhammad's son-in-law
was made the leaders of Shia group, who was called as 'Imam'. the
fundamental beliefs of both the groups are same, yet the difference is
huge and profound. In fact, there are many Muslims who like to be
called as simply 'Muslims'.
As the last prophet of Muslims said, "Islam is to testify that there
is no godbut Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, to perform
the prayers, to pay the zakat, to fast in Ramadan , and to make the
pilgrimage to the House if you are able to doso." Thus, we can call
Islamas a monotheistic religion. They believe that all men on this
earth acquire equalprivilege from Allah and no one is superior to
another. That is why they have no caste system in their religion.
Islamic religion has five pillars that define the rules of
thereligion. These pillars are: 'Prayers' (Namaz), 'The Pilgrimage'
(Hajj), 'Faith', 'The Fast' and 'The Zakat'
There are six fundamental beliefs in the religion Islam which are
mentioned as below:
1. God is one and that is Allah.
2. Angels of God.
3. The messenger of God, who bring along them the Almighty's teachings.
4. The religious scriptures and Quran is supreme among all.
5. A day is set for all when they would be judged according to their deeds.
6. God's will is supreme of all.
Islam is perhaps the only religion, which protects the rights of it's
followers, be it that of liberty, security, against exploitation and
others. It teaches peace, brotherhood and love. While we all celebrate
different festivals being the followers of Islam, it becomes very
important to understand the essence of it.
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When Is Eid -Ul 朅dha

--
Eid -Ul -Adha is one of the special festivals celebratedby Muslims
irrespective of the fact, that wherever a Muslim person is, the
festival of Eid -Ul -Adha is celebrated with lot of enthusiasm. This
year it isfalling on 6th November,2011.
Muslims celebrate the festival of Eid -Ul 朅dha in remembrance of
prophet Abraham抯 readiness to sacrifice his son Ishmael toGod. On Eid
-Ul 朅dha Muslims sacrifice their domestic animals, like goat, sheep,
cow, camel etc. This sacrifice of animals is made by Muslims to pay a
tribute toprophet Abraham, as he was ready to sacrifice his son but
God gave him a Sheep to sacrifice.
Eid -Ul 朅dha celebrations occur after the Hajj and the festival of Eid
-Ul 朅dha is celebrated on the tenth day of the last month of Islamic
year, Duhl- Hijja. Eid -Ul 朅dha is known through several names across
the world and this festival of sacrificeis celebrated for several days
in some areas of the country. It is seen that Muslims celebrate this
festival with great excitement no matter where they are.
Islamic month starts at end of the day, on the day when lunar crescent
comes into view after the new moon that can be seen with a naked eye.
It is seen that the observability depends on anumber of factors such
as:
*. Natural climatic conditions
*. Height of moon at the end of the day
*. Proximity of moon to the sun during sunset
*. The time between the sunset and moonset
*. Pollution level in the atmosphere
*. Accuracy of the eye of viewer
So the visibility of moon atany place on earth cannot be predicted in
advance and therefore this festival of Eid -Ul 朅dha is celebrated on
different days in several places all over the world.
Since the lunar calendar depicts the date of Eid -Ul 朅dha, it is seen
that every year Eid -Ul 朅dha occurs eleven days before the previous
years Eid -Ul 朅dha
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Eid-Ul-Fitr History

--
Ramadan, the month of fasting for Muslims last for 29 to 30 days. The
end of the Ramadan marks the beginning of the Eid-Ul-Fitr. Eid occurs
on the first day of the Shawwal, the tenth month of Islamic calendar.
According to the history of Islam and traditions
on the last day of Ramadan after sunset, people start sighting the
crescent moon. As soon as the moon (hilal) is spotted the celebrations
for the Eid-ul-fitr begins for all theMuslims.
Importance Of Eid-ul-Fitr
Ramadan is said to be the holy month of Muslims, it is believed that
holy book Quran was revealed to prophet Muhammad during this month. It
is believed that during this month the gates of hell are closed and
the gates ofheaven are open.
It is also believed that Ramadan is Allah抯 own month. Another event
which took place during the month of Ramadan was the battle of Badr,
thebattle between the inhabitants of Mecca and Medina. It抯 the month
to thank Allah for that he hasgiven to human being. So thereby saying
no to food, drink, smoking and sexual activities during daylight all
the Muslims devote themselves to pray to Allah. Once the crescent moon
is sighted it抯 the time to break the fast and get over with the
Ramadan month and celebrate Eid-Ul-Fitr.
Eid-Ul-Fitr
Once the crescent moon is sighted, the Ramadan month comes to an end
and its now the time for celebrations for the Muslims. Eid-Ul-Fitr
means to break the fast. Eid is thetime to spread happiness, love, and
triumph thereby creating enthusiasm among all the family members. On
the Eid day all the Muslims wear new clothes and go for special Eid
Prayer ceremonies in their near by mosque to thank Allah by reciting
various prayers and Eid-Ul-Fitr Dua抯. After the prayersthere is a get
together at Muslims house for an Eid meal and to celebrate the
occasion together. Muslim children have a joyful Eid Celebration as
they get clothes, gifts, perks, and sweets from all their relatives.
Children also make special Eid greetings for their Friends and
decorate their houses in their special ways to enhance the beauty of
the Eid Festival. Muslims greet each other by wishing Eid Mubarak to
each other, which means Happy Eid!!
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