3b] Righteous deeds do notexpiate transgressions against the rights of others

3b]
If he finds him after that, he should tell him what he did; if he accepts that, all well and good, but if he objects and demands his money, then he should give it to him, and the money he gave in charity becomes an act of charity on his own behalf. He alsohas to ask Allaah for forgiveness and repent to Him, and pray for the other person.
Fataawa Islamiyyah, 4/165
And Allaah knows best.
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3a] Righteous deeds do notexpiate transgressions against the rights of others

3a]
I heard that the Prophet (S) said that if one keeps the fasts of Ramadan withemaan and in order to getreward from Allah, Allah will forgive all his or her past sins. Does this also include the sins one may have knowingly committed against the rights of other Muslim brothers and sisters whichhe or she now deeply regrets doing but cannot admit his or her guilt to the victims as this may create even more problems?.
Praise be to Allaah.
There are many things which expiate for sin, including repentance, seeking forgiveness, doing acts of worship, carrying out hadd punishments on those who have done acts for which such punishments are due, and so on.
But righteous deeds such as prayer, fasting, Hajj etc only expiate for minor sins, according to the majority of scholars, and they only expiate for transgressions against therights of Allaah.
With regard to sins that have to do with the rightsof other people, they can only be expiated by repenting from them. Oneof the conditions of repenting from them is restoring the rights of those who have been wronged.
Muslim (1886) narrated from ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The martyr will be forgiven for all his sins except debt.”
Al-Nawawi said in Sharh Muslim:
The words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) “except debt” draw attention to all rights owed to other people. Jihad, martyrdom and other righteous deeds do not expiate for transgressions against therights of other people, rather they only expiate for transgressions against the rights of Allaah. End quote.
Ibn Muflih said in al-Furoo’ (6/193):
Martyrdom expiates for everything except debt. Our Shaykh (i.e., Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah, may Allaah have mercy onhim) said: and except sins against other people such as murder and oppression. End quote.
It says in al-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah (14/129):
Repentance in the sense of regretting what one has done and resolving not to do it again is not sufficient to waive the rights that are owed to other people. Whoever has stolen another person’s wealth, or seized it by force, or has wronged him in any otherway, will not have finished with the matter by simply regretting it, giving up the sin and resolving not to do it again. Rather he has to restore those rights. This is a principle on which thefuqaha’ are unanimously agreed. End quote.
This has to do with material possessions, suchas wealth that has been taken be force or by deceit. With regard to intangible rights such as in cases of slander and backbiting, if the person who has been wronged knows about it, then it is essential to apologize to him and ask for his forgiveness. If he did not know, then he should not be told; rather the one who wronged him shouldpray for him and pray for forgiveness for him, because telling him may upset him and create enmity and hatred between the two.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
According to the saheeh hadeeth: “Whoever has wronged his brother with regard to his blood, his wealth or his honour, let him come and set mattersstraight before there comes a Day on which there will be no dirhams and no dinars, only good deeds and bad deeds, andif he has good deeds (theywill be taken and given tothe one whom he wronged), otherwise some of the bad deeds of the one whom he wronged will be taken and added to his burden, then he will be thrown into the Fire.” This has to do with cases where the one who was wronged was aware of it; but if he was gossiped about or slandered and he does not know, then it was said that one of the conditions of repentance is telling him, or it was said that this is not essential, which is the view of the majority; bothviews were narrated fromAhmad, but his view on such matters is that one should do good deeds for the one who was wronged, such as praying for him, praying for forgiveness for him and doing good deeds to be given to him, to take the place of that backbiting and slander. Al-Hasan al-Basri said: The expiation for gossip is to pray for forgiveness for the person about whom you gossiped. End quote.
Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 18/189
The scholars of the Standing Committee said, concerning a man who stole money from a slave:
If he knows the slave or he knows someone who knows him, he can tell him to look for him and give him the money in silver or the equivalent, orwhatever he agrees upon with him. If he does not know who he is and he thinks that he will never find him, he should give itor the equivalent in cash money in charity on behalf of its owner. If he finds him after that, he should tell him what he did;
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2b] Does doing major sins prevent repentance and good deeds from being accepted?

2b]
Al-Tirmidhi (3540) narrated that Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “Allaah, may He be blessed and exalted, said: ‘O son of Adam, so long as you call upon Me and ask of Me, I shall forgive you for what you have done, and I shallnot mind. O son of Adam, were your sins to reach the clouds of the sky and were you then to ask forgiveness of Me, I wouldforgive you and I would not mind.’” Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi.
Ibn Maajah narrated that ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Mas’ood (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The one who repents from sin is like one who did not sin.” Classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh Ibn Maajah.
These verses and ahaadeeth indicate that Allaah forgives all sins, no matter how great or how many, for the one who repents to Him.
So strive in worship and obedience, regret the negligence and sins of thepast, and note that Allaah has no need of His slaves yet despite that He rejoices in their repentance, and even turns their bad deeds intogood deeds.
We ask Allaah to help youto remember Him, give thanks to Him and worship Him properly.
And Allaah knows best.
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2a] Does doing major sins prevent repentance and good deeds from being accepted?

2a]
I am a Muslim woman, but the Shaytaan has been controlling me for a while. I committed major sins, but now I regret it. I have turned to Allaah andrepented to Him, but I heard that no fasting or prayer will be of any benefit to me because I have committed the worst of major sins. Is that true? Will Allaah really never accept my repentance?.
Praise be to Allaah.
We praise Allaah for having guided you to repent, and we ask Him tomake you steadfast in adhering to His religion, and to grant you a good end. You should note thatyou have been greatly blessed and must give thanks to Allaah. How many sinners die without having repented? How many of those who are astray die before turning back to their Lord? Undoubtedly the fact that Allaah has enabled you repent is a great event in your life, and this should be a time when you start to obey Him and strive harder in worshipping Him.
You should realize that what you have heard about repentance, prayer and fasting not being accepted from one who has committed major sins is false, and it is speaking about Allaah without knowledge. There is a great deal of evidence in the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to indicate thatAllaah accepts His slave’s repentance from all sins, no matter how great theyare, and it is not permissible for anyone to try to stop a person repenting, no matter howgreat and how heinous his sins.
Allaah says (interpretationof the meaning):
“Say: O ‘Ibaadi (My slaves) who have transgressed against themselves (by committing evil deeds and sins)! Despair not of the Mercy of Allaah, verily,Allaah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft‑Forgiving, Most Merciful”
[al-Zumar 39:53]
Allaah says, stating that He forgives the greatest of sins (interpretation of the meaning):
“And those who invoke not any other ilaah (god) along with Allaah, nor kill such person as Allaah has forbidden, except for just cause, nor commit illegal sexual intercourse and whoever does this shall receive the punishment.
69. The torment will be doubled to him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein in disgrace;
70. Except those who repent and believe (in Islamic Monotheism), and do righteous deeds; for those, Allaah will change their sins into good deeds,and Allaah is Oft‑Forgiving, Most Merciful”
[al-Furqaan 25:68-70]
This clearly indicates that Allaah forgives all sins – even shirk – and it tells usof an immense bounty, which is that bad deeds are turned to good deeds.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
No sin is too great for Allaah to forgive for the one who repents, rather He forgives shirk and other sins for those who repent, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Say: O ‘Ibaadi (My slaves) who have transgressed against themselves (by committing evil deeds and sins)! Despair not of the Mercy of Allaah, verily,Allaah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft‑Forgiving, Most Merciful”
[al-Zumar 39:53]
This verse is general in meaning because it is addressed to all those who repent. End quote.
Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 2/358
Al-Bukhaari and Muslim (6766) narrated from Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “There was among the people who came before you a man who killed ninety-nine people. Then he asked about the most knowledgeable person onearth, and was directed toa hermit, so he went to him, told him that he had killed ninety-nine people, and asked if he could be forgiven. The hermit said, ‘No,’ so he killed him, thuscompleting one hundred. Then he asked about the most knowledgeable person on earth and was directed to a scholar. He told him that he had killed one hundred people, and asked whether he could be forgiven. The scholar said, ‘Yes, what could possibly come between you and repentance? Go to such-and-such a town, forin it there are people whoworship Allaah. Go and worship with them, and do not go back to your own town, for it is a bad place.” So the man set off, but when he was halfwaythere, the angel of death came to him, and the angels of mercy and the angels of wrath began to argue over him. The angels of mercy said: ‘He had repented and was seeking Allaah.’ The angels of wrath said: ‘He never did any good thing.’An angel in human form came to them, and they asked him to decide the matter. He said: ‘Measure the distance between the two lands (his home townand the town he was headed for), and whichever of the two he is closest to is the one to which he belongs.’ So they measured the distance, and found that he was closer to the townfor which he had been headed, so the angels of mercy took him.”
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