3a] Is Iblees a jinn or an angel?

3a]
[al-Jinn72;1-2]
In the same soorah, it states that the jinn said:
"'And indeed when we heard the Guidance (this Qur'aan), we believed
therein (Islamic Monotheism), and whosoever believes in his Lord shall
have no fear, either of a decrease in thereward of his good deeds or
an increase in the punishment for his sins. And of us some are
Muslims (who have submitted to Allaah, after listening to this
Qur'aan), and of us some are Al-Qaasitoon (disbelievers those who have
deviated from the Right Path)'..." [al-Jinn 72:13-14]
Ibn Katheer (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in his Tafseer:
Al-Hasan al-Basri said: Iblees was not one of the angels, not even
for a single moment. He is the father of the jinn, just as Adam (peace
be upon him) is the father of mankind. This was narrated by al-Tabari
witha saheeh isnaad (part 3/89).
Some of the scholars said that Iblees was one of theangels, that he
was the peacock of the angels, that he was the one among the angels
who strove the hardest in worship... and other reports, most of which
come from the Israa'eeliyyaat (stories and reports from Jewish
sources), and some of which contradict the clear texts of the Qur'aan.
Ibn Katheer said, explaining this:
A lot of these reports were transmitted from the Salaf, and most of
them come from the Israa'eeliyyaat, which maybe been transmitted in
order to be examined [i.e.,as opposed to being accepted as is]. Allaah
knows best about the veracity or otherwise of many of them. Some of
them are definitely to be rejected, because they go against the truth
which we hold in our hands. In the Qur'aan we have sufficient so that
we have no need of previous reports, because hardly any of them are
free of distortions, with things added or taken away. Many things have
been fabricated in them, for they did not have people who had
memorized things precisely by heart (huffaaz) who could eliminate the
distortions created by extremists andfabricators, unlike this ummah
which has its imaams, scholars, masters,pious and righteous people,
brilliant critics andmen of excellent memory who recorded the hadeeths
and classified them, stating whether they were saheeh (sound),hasan
(good), da'eef (weak), mawdoo' (fabricated), matrook (to be ignored).
They identified the fabricators and liars, and those aboutwhom nothing
was known, and other kinds ofmen (i.e., narrators). All of this
afforded protection tothe Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him), the Seal of the Messengers and the Leader of Mankind, so
thatnothing would be attributed to him falsely and nothing would be
transmitted from him thathe did not say or do. May Allaah be pleased
with them and make them pleased [by rewarding them], and make the
Paradise of al-Firdaws their eternal abode. (Tafseer al-Qur'aan
il-'Azeem, 3/90).
And Allaah knows best.

3] Is Iblees a jinn or an angel?

3]
I was just wondering if Iblis was actually a jinn oran angel. This
particular issue recently sparked my curiosity when it was presented
to me by a person I know. If he is an angel, then how is it he
disobeyed Allah, when Angels have no will of their own and follow
onlyAllah's command. If he is really a jinn, then it wouldbetter
explain his disobedience as then he actually had the choice to obey or
disobey Allah. I would appreciate a response, even if it is a brief
one.
Praise be to Allaah.
Ibless – may Allaah curse him – is one of the jinn. He was not an
angel for a single day, not even for an instant. The angels were
created noble; they never disobey Allaah when He commands themto do
something and theydo what they are commanded. This is clearly stated
in the Qur'aanic texts which indicate that Iblees is one of the jinn
and not one of the angels. These texts include the following:
1. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And (remember) when We said to the angels: "Prostrate yourselves unto
Adam." So they prostrated themselves except Iblees (Satan). He was one
of thejinn; he disobeyed the Command of his Lord. Willyou then take
him (Iblees)and his offspring as protectors and helpers rather than Me
while theyare enemies to you? Whatan evil is the exchange forthe
Zaalimoon (polytheists, and wrongdoers, etc)." [al-Kahf 18:50]
2. Allaah stated that He created thejinn from
fire, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And the jinn, We created aforetime from the smokeless flame of fire"
[al-Hijr 15:27]
"And the jinn He created from a smokeless flame offire" [al-Rahmaan 55:15]
And it was narrated in a saheeh hadeeth that 'Aa'ishah said: the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
"The angels were created from light, the jinn were created from
smokeless fire and Adam was created from that which has been described
to you." (Narrated by Muslimin his Saheeh, no. 2996; also narrated by
Ahmad, no. 24668; by al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan al-Kubra, no. 18207 and by
Ibn Hibbaan, no. 6155).
One of the attributes of the angels is that they were created from
light, and the jinn were created from fire. It was mentioned in the
Qur'aan that Iblees – may Allaah curse him – was created from fire.
This is what Iblees himself said when Allaah, may He be glorified and
exalted, asked him the reason for his refusal to prostrate to Adam
when Allaah commanded him to do so.He – may Allaah curse him– said:
" 'I am better than him (Adam), You created me from fire, and him You
created from clay'" [al-A'raaf 7:12; Saad 38:76– interpretation of the
meaning]. This indicates that he was one of the jinn.
3. Allaah has described the angels in His Book,
where He says (interpretation of the meaning):
"O you who believe! Wardoff yourselves and your families against a
Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and stones, over which are (appointed)
angels stern (and) severe, who disobey not, (from executing) the
Commandsthey receive from Allâh, but do that which they are commanded"
[al-Tahreem 66:6]
"And they say: 'The Most Gracious (Allaah) has begotten a son (or
children).' Glory to Him! They [whom they call children of Allaah i.e.
the angels, 'Eesaa (Jesus) son of Maryam (Mary), 'Uzair (Ezra)], are
but honoured slaves. They speak not until He has spoken, and they act
on His Command"[al-Anbiyaa' 21:26-27]
"And to Allaah prostrate all that is in the heavens and all that is in
the earth,of the moving (living) creatures and the angels, and they
are not proud [i.e. they worship their Lord (Allâh) with humility].
They fear their Lord above them, and they do what they are commanded"
[al-Nahl 16:49-50]
So it is not possbile for the angels to disobey their Lord, because
they are protected from sin and they are naturally inclined to obey
Allaah.
4. The fact that Iblees is not one of the angels
means that he is not compelled to obey Allaah. He has freedom of will
just as we humans do. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning);
"Verily, We showed him the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful"
[al-Insaan 76:3]
There are also Muslims and kaafirs among the jinn. It says in Soorat
al-Jinn (interpretation of the meaning):
"Say (O Muhammad): 'It has been revealed to me that a group (from
three to ten in number) of jinn listened (to this Qur'aan). They said:
'Verily, we haveheard a wonderful Recitation (this Qur'aan)! It guides
to the Right Path, and we have believed therein, and we shall never
join (in worship) anything with our Lord (Allaah).'" [al-Jinn72;1-2]
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3a] Jinns & their Purpose of Creation

3a]
that follow you, together'"
[Saad 38:84-85 - interpretation of the meaning]
The friends of the Most Merciful (Allaah), among the jinn and mankind, co-operate in righteousness and piety, and the friends of the Shaytaan, among the jinn and mankind, co-operate in sin and transgression. Allaah says (interpretationof the meaning):
"And so We have appointed for every Prophet enemies - Shayaateen (devils) among mankind and jinn, inspiring one another with adorned speech as a delusion (or by way of deception). If your Lord had so willed, they would not have done it; so leave them alone with their fabrications"
[al-An'aam 6:112]
The jinn used to have places near the heavens where they would sit to eavesdrop (on the inhabitants of the heavens), but when Allaahsent His Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) they were no longer allowed to do that.Whoever among them tries to listen is burned with a flaming fire, as Allaah tells us that the jinn said:
" 'And we have sought to reach the heaven; but found it filled with stern guards and flaming fires.
And verily, we used to sit there in stations, to (steal)a hearing, but any who listens now will find a flaming fire watching himin ambush'"
[al-Jinn 72:8-9 - interpretation of the meaning]
The jinn are with us on this earth, but by the mercy of Allaah they see us and we do not see them, as Allaah says of Iblees and his tribe (interpretation of the meaning):
"Verily, he and Qabeeluhu (his soldiers from the jinn or his tribe) see you from where you cannot see them"
[al-A'raaf 7:27]
Whoever can see you when you cannot see him,and he is your enemy, is more dangerous. So you must always beware of him and protect yourself from the devils among the jinn and mankind.
From Usool al-Deen al-Islami, by Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ibraaheem al-Tuwayjri./ - - - :-> Transtors: 1.http://free-translation.imtranslator.net/lowres.asp 2.http://translate.google.com/m?twu=1&hl=en&vi=m&sl=auto&tl=en