Categories of rulings onfasting

What are the categories of rulings on fasting?.
Praise be to Allaah.
The categories of rulings are five: obligatory (waajib), forbidden
(muharram), encouraged (mustahabb), disliked (makrooh) and permissible
(mubaah). These five rulings have been narrated with regard to
fasting. We cannot list everything that comes under each of these
rulings, but we will mention what we can.
1 – Obligatory fasts
(i) The Ramadaanfast
(ii) Making up missed Ramadaan fasts
(iii) Expiatory fasts (expiation for accidental killing,
expiation for zihaar (a form of jaahili divorce), expiation for having
intercourse during the day in Ramadaan, andexpiation for breaking an
oath)
(iv) Fasting for the pilgrim who does tamattu' in Hajj if
he does not have a sacrificial animal. "and whosoever performs the
'Umrah in the months of Hajj, before(performing) the Hajj, (i.e.
Hajj-at-Tamattu' and Al-Qiraan), he must slaughter a Hady such as he
can afford, but if he cannot afford it, he shouldobserve Sawm (fasts)
three days during the Hajjand seven days after his return (to his
home)" [al-Baqarah 2:196 – interpretation of the meaning].
(v) Fasting in fulfilment of a vow
2 – Mustahabb (encouraged) fasts
(i) Fasting the day of 'Ashoora'
(ii) Fasting the dayof 'Arafah
(iii) Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays each week
(iv) Fasting three days of each month
(v) Fasting six days of Shawwaal
(vi) Fasting most of the month of Sha'baan
(vii) Fasting the month of Muharram
(viii) Fasting alternatedays – which is the best offasting
All of these are proven in hasan and saheeh ahaadeeth, and may be
found on this site.
3 – Makrooh (disliked) fasts
(i) Singling out Friday for fasting – because the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Do not fast
on a Friday unless you fast a day before or a day afterwards." Agreed
upon
(ii) Singling out Saturday for fasting – because the
Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Do not
fast on Saturdays apart from days when you are obliged to fast, even
if one of you cannot find anything other than grape stalks or the bark
ofa tree (to suck on, to make sure that he is not fasting)." Narrated
by al-Tirmidhi, 744, who classed it as hasan. Also narrated by Abu
Dawood, 2421; Ibn Maajah, 1726; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in
Irwa' al-Ghaleel, 960.
Al-Tirmidhi said: What is meant by its being makrooh is that a man
should not single out Saturday for fasting because the Jews venerate
Saturday. End quote.
4 – Forbidden fasts
(i) Fasting on Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and thedays of
Tashreeq, which are the three days after Eid al-Adha.
(ii) Fasting on the "day of doubt" – which is the
thirtieth of Sha'baan, if the sky was cloudy and the new moon could
not be sighted. But if the sky was clear there can be no doubt.
(iii) Fasts observed by women who are menstruating and
bleeding following childbirth.
5 – Permissible fasts – these are fasts that do notcome under any of
the four headings mentioned above.
What is meant by permissible here is that there is no report enjoining
or forbidding fasting on this day in particular, such as Tuesdays and
Wednesdays, even thoughin principle, observing a voluntary fast is an
act of worship that is encouraged.

1c] Ramadan 2012, The 22th Day

1c]
:-> refers to Hejaz and Basra:
Hejaz and Basra
"A fire will emerge from there (Hejaz); it will illuminate the necks
of the camels in Basra..." (Portents of Doomsday, Muhammad b. Rasul
al-Husaynî al-Barjanjî, p. 85)
The Middle East is one of the world's oil-richest regions. The Gulf of
Basra alone contains 2/3 of the world's oil reserves so far
discovered. Research shows that Saudi Arabia alone has proven
reservesof 262 billion barrels, representing 25.4% of all the world's
oil. Iraq has 11% of the world's oil reserves, the United Arab
Emirates 9.6%, Kuwait 9.2%, Iran 8.6%, and other OPEC countries
have13% while the remaining 22.6% belongs to the other countries of
the world.
The way that our Prophet (saas) foretold, 1,400 years ago, how the
MiddleEast would have rich oil reserves and that this oil would be
extracted by machines resembling the necks of camels is both a most
exciting miracle and a great blessing for believers./

1b] Ramadan 2012, The 22th Day

1b]
:-> Philosophical Library, 1987],
1:62-63)
In his book " Evolution: A Theory in Crisis," the molecular biologist
Michael Denton wrote that evolutionists described fish with lungs as a
transitional form between fish and amphibians, but said that the
individual characteristics of fish withlungs "in no way represent a
realistic passage between the two." ("Evolution: A Theory in Crisis",
Michael Denton, Adler and Adler: Bethesda,Maryland, 3rd ed. 1986, p.
109)
The fossil record also deals a heavy blow to evolutionist scenarios
regarding fish with lungs. These have remained unchanged for hundreds
of millions of years and fossils belonging to these creatures are
identical to specimens living today. Not a single fossil exists to
justify the claim that the lungs in this fish developed gradually.
This shows that fish with lungsare rather evidence against evolution,
not for it . It is clear in the light ofthe above facts that the idea
that fish with lungs represent an evolutionaryphase is simply a
fantasy.
What evolutionists are doing is to try to spread a scenario about fish
with lungs as if they were the scientific truth and to ignore the
objections to that scenario that can easily be found in the scientific
literature. This is a blind endeavor to spread Darwinist propaganda
with unscientific myths.
Like all living things, fish with lungs exhibited sublime complexities
far beyond the reach of even the most advanced technologies. And like
all living things they are proof of a flawless Creation. The idea that
fish one day moved from the water to dry land and developed lungs and
feet with the help of blind chance is a myth. The truth is that
Almighty Allah has perfectly createdthese animals.
The Slow Moving Fire That Will İlluminate the Necksof the Camels
Described in the Hadiths Refers to the Oil Wells in the Middle East
Excerpt from Mr. Adnan Oktar's live talk on March 1st, 2012
Our Prophet (saas) says: "A fire will emerge, soon" "that will
illuminate the necks of the camels in Basra". Abu Ya'lâ and Imam Ahmed
relate the following hadith:" A fire will emerge from Habs al-Sayl."
Always the Middle East region, the oil-rich regions, "and will move
slowly, like the gait of a camel" very slowly, fairly slowly, because
a camel walks slowly but it is said, "fairly slowly", "it will move
fairly slowly." "a fire that illuminate the necks of the camels in
Basra from one of the valleys of Hejaz." This time there is mention
to Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the oil-richest regions: Basra, Saudi Arabia.
The hadith already specifies the locations of the oil regions prior to
1400 years. The reported regions are all oil-rich regions. "The Day of
Reckoning will not come until a fire that will illuminate the necks
of the camels in Basra flows." "Fire flows." What is a flowing fire?
Oil, insha'Allah. Notice now what is related: "It has a neck like a
camel'sneck and it moves very slowly."Let us show that image.
Something related with oil; now this is an apparatus to drill oil
which is employed in every corner of the world.
It moves very slowly. Note that with its apparance, head and bodyit
resembles a camel. It steadily drills oil with dead slow, weighty
movements.
Our Prophet (saas) has provided a detailed description of the End
Times, certainly one of themost important periods inworld history. He
described the social, political and economic developments that will
take place, the natural events, people's appearances, their moral
values and the technological advances of the age. One of the reports
by Rasulullah (saas) regarding the End Times concerns the oil wells in
the Middle East:
Abu Ya'lâ and Imam Ahmed relate the following hadith: "A fire will
emerge from Habs-u Sayl (al-Huseyni) and will move slowly, like the
gait of a camel..."
The Musnad al-Firdawsrelates from Umar (r.a.): "The Day of Reckoning
will not come until a fire that will illuminate the necks of the
camels in Basra emerges from one of the valleys of Hejaz!" (Portents
of Doomsday, Muhammed b. Rasul al-Husaynî al-Barzanjî, p. 85)
The hadith refers to Hejaz and Basra, and speaks of afire that will
illuminate camels' necks and move very slowly
The mechanical arms of the drills used in oil wells look exactly like
the necksof camels, and one featureof these machines is that they move
very slowly and constantly produce oil.
We are all familiar with the flames that emerge from oil wells.
Those flames illuminate the machines in question, just as described in
the hadith.
In another hadith on the same subject our Prophet (saas) refers to
Hejaz and Basra: :->

1a] Ramadan 2012, The 22th Day

1a]
:-> Another beauty that awakes beautiful feelings in the human soul
are sounds. Reason why the music has a very important place in every
era is the deep effect that makes in the human soul. The human soul
takes great enthusiasm, excitement and pleasure from beautiful human
voices, as well as a ripple of flowing water.
Beautiful morality gives the most pleasure to human spirit. Morals of
the Qur'an is the synthesisof all of the beautiful features which
Allah informs that He is pleasedwith. These lofty morals include such
things as sacrifice, being considerate, ccompassion, loyalty, honesty,
justice, loving, beautiful candor, docility, peace, brotherhood,
tolerance, and understanding.
For example, people love and respect a person who gives his or her
meal to poor people although he is himself in need. Similarly honesty
is one ofthe occasions that directs the spirit to positive feelings.
Because people feel love and intimacy for the people who are honest
and have beautifulmorals. Allah created the human soul to have love
and affection for beautifulmorals.
Single responsibility of a person for all of the beauties that Allah
gives him as appealing to the human spirit is properly giving thanks
to Allah andto live a life which Allah ispleased with. The beautiful
results which believers take on the day of judgement and the
punishment which unbelievers will face is informed in a verse as:
What is the Garden promised to those who guard against evil like? It
has rivers flowing under it and its foodstuffs and cool shade never
fail. That is the final fate of those who guard against evil. But the
final fate of the disbelievers is the Fire." (Surat ar-Rad, 35)
The Myth of the Evolution of Fish with Lungs
Evolutionists resort to evolutionist tales regarding fish with lungs
and maintain that these fish were the first vertebrates to move from
water to dry land. However, the idea of the passage from water to dry
land and the role assumed to have been played in this scenario by fish
with lungs stem solely from blind devotionto the theory of
evolution.Evolutionists are unable to produce any concrete evidence to
support their claims. This can clearly be seen from Darwinist
writings. One sees tales about how fish supposedly developed lungs in
order to be able to make use of the oxygen in the air and howtheir
fins turned into feet to enable them to walk on land. But these people
are unable to produce anyfossil evidence for their claims. The reason
for thisis clear: such a passage is entirely imaginary and there is no
scientific evidence to support it.
On the contrary, the scientific evidence refutes these Darwinist
tales. The weakness of the evolutionary myths aboutfish with lungs is
a fact explicitly and frequently brought up even in evolutionist
literature.
Fish with lungs are able tobreathe air and to survive in dry periods
thanks to an astonishing metabolic arrangement and system. These fish,
which have to rise to the surface approximately every 20 minutes, bury
themselves inside a cocoon made of mud in dry seasons when the waters
retract and enter into a kind of summer sleep, known as aestivation.
This time, when their metabolisms slow down enormously, will last for
months, or sometimes even for years,until the rains begin again.
Some evolutionists claim that these creatures are left over from this
so called period, living transitional forms. According to this
entirely imaginary evolutionist fantasy, the fish in question were
imprisonedin very small bodies of water caused by a drought in the
Devonian Period, some 300 million years ago, and learned how to walk
from one pool to another. Some evolutionists regard thesefish as the
supposed ancestors of amphibians (and quadrupeds).
There are enormous difference, in terms of skeletons and organs,
between amphibians and the fish with lungs alleged to be their
ancestors. In a paper published in the Journal ofMolecular Evolution
the researchers C. Marshall and H. P. Schultz wrote that,
"Morphological analysis of the "living fossils," the coelacanth and
lungfish, has only lead to confusion regarding possible evolution of
tetrapods." (Marshall C. and Schultze HP. Journal of Molecular
Evolution 35 (2): 93-101, 1992.)
A paper in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society admitted the dilemma
facing the supposed evolutionary origins of fish with lungs –
portrayed as resting on very sure foundations:
"… the lungfishes, like every other major group of fishes that I know,
havetheir origins firmly based in nothing ." (Quoted in W. R. Bird,
The Origin of Species Revisited [Nashville: Regency, 1991;originally
published by Philosophical Library, 1987],
1:62-63) :->