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Wednesday, June 6, 2012

HISTORY - ~ Muslim King of Mysore. INDIA

Tipu Sultan, Hyder Ali's elder son, succeeded to his father's throne
on 29 December 1782, at the age of 32. Tipu Sultan was bornin November
1750 and was called the 'Tiger of Mysore'. Tipu Sultan was the first
son of Hyder Ali and his second wife, Fatimaor Fakhr-un-nissa. Tipu
wasnamed as Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Shahab or Tipu Saheb.Apart from
being a brilliantruler, Tipu was also a scholar, poet, soldier and a
staunch Muslim.
After his enthronement, Tipu was immediately immersed in the struggle
against the English, continuing the war that had begun under his
fatherand in which he had already taken a vigorous part. Tipu occupied
the throne at a time when Mysore was fighting the crucial Second
Mysore War with the British. The war ended in 1784 when Tipu Sultan
and the English signed the Treaty of Mangalore . As per the treaty,
both sides agreed toreturn the territories and the prisoners captured
during the war. A war with the Marathas and the Nizam soon followed
(1785-87) ending with military successes but with rather
disadvantageous terms of peace. This was apparently because of Tipu's
anxiety that these two powers should not combine with the English,
whom he consistently regarded as his principal enemy.
From his accession Tipu treated himself as an independent sovereign,
notneeding any diploma of inferior office from the Mughal court at
Delhi . He, thus, dropped the name and title of the Mughal emperor
from his coins, and started using the title 'Padshah' for himself from
January 1786. Tipu could now claim parity with full-fledged
sovereigns, likethe Sultan of Turkey and the King of France, both of
whom personally received his ambassadors in 1787 and 1788. While these
embassies might not have resulted in any substantial material support
for him, inrespect of either military resources or commercial
advantage, the diplomatic stature gained by him certainly reinforced
his prestige at home.
Though the titles of 'Padshah' or 'Zill-i Ilahi' (Shadow of God) were
usedby the Mughal emperors, but Tipu gave to his sovereignty a colour
of religious militancy, which was not at all present in the Mughal
imperial polity of the eighteenth century. Tipu would not put his own
name on the coins he minted; rather the coin legends invoke God as the
all-powerful Sovereign, andbring in the name of Muhammad the Prophet,
and of Hyder.
Tipu Sultan was a lover of art and culture. His palace at
Srirangapatnam is known for its superb ornamentation. He minted a vast
variety of coins fromdifferent mints. During his reign, French
craftsmen worked in Mysore. One such artisan produced a wooden toy
showing a tiger attacking a Britisher. The toy is now in the Victoria
and Albert Museum, London. Like his father, Tipu too was buriedat
Srirangapatnam. Tipu Sultan was a tolerant ruler in the tradition of
Islamic tolerance.
Tipu Sultan's reforming zeal touched every department of life,
including coinage and calendar, banking and finance, weights and
measures, agriculture and industry, trade and commerce, morals and
manners as well as social and cultural life. He built many strong
forts such as the Doorg in Nilgiris to defend his kingdom. He had a
quest for seeking knowledge. His personal library consisted of more
than 2000 books in different languages. He hada dignified personality
and impressed the people he came into contact with. He was an
enlightened ruler who treated his non-Muslim subjects with tolerance
generally. He conferred liberal grants to Singeri, Srirangapatnam and
Mangalore temples.
The innovative ideas of Tipu Sultan enabled Mysoreto gain importance
even in the international spheres.
Tipu Sultan proceeded actively to rebuild the navythat Hyder had
established.His major interest was in building ships which could be
used for trade, though, being armed for defence, as was usual with
merchant ships of the time,these could also be used in naval action.
This embassy, really consisting of a board of four officers, had both
diplomatic and commercialobjectives. Moreover, Tipu was also looking
beyond the Indian Ocean, and wished to open his own direct shipping
line to Europe. In 1787, he proposed to send to Francea ship with four
hundred Indians aboard along with his embassy.
Apart from the constructiveoperations of Tipu also hadto undergo
several critical situations that took place due to his relation with
theBritish. In 1783 Tipu directed the compilation, through Zainul
Abidin Shustari, of a manual of military organization and tactics, he
significantly titled it Fathul Mujahidin, the Victory of Holy
Warriors. This Holy War was to be directed against the English.

Morning and Evening Dhikr –

Dhikr - What is it?
DHIKR is the remembranceof Allah. Every time we think of Allah, do
Salaah, recite Quran, make a Dua, do Tasbeeh, mention Allahin
conversation, we are doing Dhikr. There are alsospecific ways of doing
Dhikr, as the Prophet(sws) taught us.
Importance/Benefitsof Dhikr:
Here are some Ayahs and Hadith showing us the importance of and the
benefits of doing Dhikr?
Allah(swt) says: "O ye whobelieve! Let not your wealth or your
children divert you from the 'Dhikr' of Allah. If any act thus, the
(severe) loss is their own!" [Surah Munafiqoon, Ayah 9]
"Those who believe, their hearts find satisfaction in the 'Dhikr'of
Allah: for without doubt, (only) in the 'Dhikr' of Allah do hearts
find satisfaction!" [Surah Raad, Ayah 28]
"If anyone withdraws himself from 'Dhikr' of (Allah) Most Gracious, We
appoint for him a Shaytaan to be an intimate companion to him! [Surah
Zukhruf, Ayah 36]
And the Prophet(sws) said: "The difference betweenthe one who
remembershis Lord and the one who does not, is like the difference
between a living and dead body." [Sahih al-Bukhari 6407]
Why every Morning& Evening?
Because Allah(swt) says in Surah Ahzaab, Ayahs 41-42: "O ye who
believe! Celebrate the 'Dhikr' (Remembrance) of Allah and do this
(as)much (as possible); And glorify Him Morning and Evening ."
What time is Morning & Evening?
According to Ibn Qayyim(ra)'s interpretation of the following words of
Allah, he concludes that the:
- Morning Supplication is from Fajr till Sunrise and
- Evening Supplication is from Asr till Sunset
Ta-Ha, Ayah 130: "And glorify the praises of your Lord before the
rising of the sun, and before its setting."
Surah Al-Araf, Ayah 205: "And remember your Lord within yourself with
humbleness and fear and without being loud in speech – in the mornings
and the evenings," Why do we recite certain supplications a specific
number of times?
See Arabic wording: The word Asaal is a plural of Aseel which means in
Arabic the period betweenAsr and Maghrib. (If you forget to do the
Dhikr at these times, you can reciteit after Maghrib till the middle
of the night or after Sunrise till before zawaal.)
What Dhikr should we recite Morning & Evening?
The Prophet(sws) has taught us. More than 14 different Duas/Dhikr have
been included in this presentation for you to recite and ponder over.
Each one is authentic and is backed by proof with a Hadith of
Rasool(sws) SubhaanAllah!
Why recite it a certain number of times?
We do not know the reason why, but there is a hidden wisdom in
following the Sunnah, as Allah(swt) says: "Indeed in the Messenger of
Allahyou have a good example to follow for him who hopes for (the
meeting with) Allah and the Last Day, and remembers Allah much."
[Quran 33:21] "And if you obey him(sws), you will be [rightly]
guided." [Quran 24:54]
The Dhikr as taught by Rasul(sws) is enough for us and we should avoid
innovating in matters of worship, as some people like to say, 'Recite
such and such so many times', but they have no basis for it.
What do YOU want to gain from doing Dhikr?
My dear Brothers and Sisters, please sit back, relax and take some
time out to read, learn and to ponder over the beautiful Duas and
Dhikr in the rest of this presentation. May the following duas/dhikr
become a regular part of your daily routine, and may you find solace
by using them to communicate with and to Praise Allah. And most of all
may they strengthen your connection with Allah(swt) our Most Merciful
Creator, strengthen your Nafs and help you achieve the pleasure of
Allah and a place in Jannah al-Firdaus, Aameen - afterall that is your
ultimate goal, right?

HEALTH - ~ Can gardening cure depression?

(NaturalNews) Organic gardening may produce physiological changes to
boost your physical and mental health, a number ofstudies suggest.
One such change may take place as a result of the simple act of
putting your hands into the soil. A studyconducted by researchers from
the University of Bristol in London found that contact with a
naturally occurring species of soil bacteria, Mycobacterium vaccae,
causes the body to release vital immune chemicals called cytokines.
These, in turn, spur the brain to produce the neurotransmitter
serotonin.
"We know that some of these cytokines can activate the nerves that
relay signals from the bodyto the brain," researcher Chris Lowry said.
This effect may explain, in part, why people who are not exposed to
dirt in childhood have higher rates of allergies, asthma and even
mental health issues as adults.
In spite of what the drug companies would have youbelieve, there is no
real evidence that serotonin affects mood directly. However, it is
certainly an essential neurotransmitter that appears related to immune
function, and the study's results are highly suggestive.
"These studies help us understand how the body communicates with the
brain and why a healthy immune system is important for maintaining
mental health," Lowry said."They also leave us wondering if we
shouldn't all be spending more time playing in the dirt."
Get Addicted to Gardening In unconnected research, scientists have
found that the simple act of picking fruit or vegetables, whether from
a garden or in the wild, causes the brain to release the"pleasure
chemical" dopamine, which activates the brain's reward centers.
Dopamine is also released from seeing, smelling or eating a
pleasurable food.
Indeed, dopamine plays a role in all pleasurable experiences and is
thoughtto be responsible for much of the physical component of
addictive behaviors, including compulsive shopping. Researchers
believe that our brains evolved to reward us for important behaviors
such as finding foods, and that our modern environment of abundance
has allowed these psychological mechanisms to be co-opted into
unhealthy patterns.
"I have often remarked on the great joy I feel when I forage in the
garden, especially when I discover and harvest the 'first of
theseason', the first luscious strawberry to ripen or emergence of the
first tender asparagus shoot," commented writer Robyn Francis on
permaculture.com. "I have also often wondered why Ihad a degree of
inherent immunity to the retail-therapy urges that afflict some of my
friends and acquaintances. Maybe as a long-term gardener I've been
getting a constant base-load dopamine high which has reduced the need
to seek other ways toappease this primal instinct."
"I suppose the trick is to rewire our brains to crave the dopamine hit
from the garden and other more sustainable pursuits and activities,"
she added
For those interested in garden therapy, it's worth noting a 2008 study
that suggested gardening with herbicides may not supply the same
benefits. As a matter of fact, it seems even eating non-organic food
may place your moodat risk. Researchers found that glyphosate, the
active ingredient in the popular herbicide Roundup, actually lowers
your body'slevels of both serotonin and dopamine.
Because Roundup and its ingredients build up in the environment and
may even be absorbed through the skin, it is also best to avoid
non-organic foods, particularly those likely to be engineered for
Roundupresistance, such as corn andsoy.

HADEES - ~

O Allah..., Please Bring Me Out Of The Darkness Of Illusions And
Honour Me With The Light Of Comprehension, O Allah... Open To Us The
Doors Of Your Mercy And Propagate Us The Treasure Of Your Knowledge By
Your Mercy O The Most Merciful Of The Merciful Ones."( Ameen)