1] Zakat ul-Fitr

1]
By Shaykh Abu Bakr Jabir al-Jaza'iry
From the Book Minhaj al-MuslimVolume 2, published by Dar-us-Salam publications
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Its Ruling:->
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Zakat-ul-Fitr is a Sunnah that is obligatory upon every individual
Muslim. This is due to Ibn 'Umar's statement, may Allah be pleased
with him:
"The Messenger of Allah made Zakat-ul-Fitr obligatory during Ramadhan
as one Sa' of dried dates or one Sa' of barley upon the slave and the
free man, the male andthe female, and the young and the old of the
Muslims." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Its Wisdom
From the wisdom of Zakat-ul-Fitr is that it purifies thefasting soul
from the effects of useless, non-beneficial speech (or acts) and
obscene speech (or behavior). Likewise, it keeps the poor and needy
people from having to begon the day of 'Eid.
Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "The Messenger of
Allah made Zakat-ul-Fitr obligatory as a purificationfor the fasting
person fromuseless, non-beneficial speech (or acts) and obscene speech
(or behavior), and as a means of feeding the poor." (Abu Dawud and Ibn
Majah, andit was graded Sahih by Al-Hakim). [1]
The Prophet saws also said:
Keep them (the poor) fromhaving to beg on this day. (Al-Bayhaqi - and
its chain of narration is weak)
The Amount and Type of Food
The amount of Zakat-ul-Fitr is a Sa' and a Sa' is four Amdad (cupped
handfuls). It is given from the usual staple foods of the people of
the land, whether it is wheat, or barley, or dried dates, or rice, or
raisins or cheese. This is due to the statement of Abu Sa'id (may
Allah be pleased withhim):
"When the Messenger of Allah was among us, we used to give
Zakat-ul-Fitr on behalf of every person, young and old, free or owned
(i.e. a slave), as a Sa' of Ta'am, [2]or a Sa' of cheese (dried milk)
or a Sa'of barley or a Sa' of dried dates, or a Sa' of raisins."
(Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
It is Only given from items of Food
It is obligatory that Zakat-ul-Fitr be given from the types of food.
Money should not be given in place of it, except if there is a
pressing need to do so.This is because it is not confirmed that the
Prophet gave money for it in place of food. It has not even been
reported from the Companions that they gave money (for Zakat-ul-Fitr).
Its Time
Zakat-ul-Fitr becomes obligatory with the coming of the night of the
'Eid (i.e. the night before the 1st of Shawwal). It is to be paid a
day or two before the day of the 'Eid, as Ibn 'Umar used to do, and
the time of giving generosity, which is from the time Fajr comes in on
the day of the 'Eid until just before the prayer (Salat-ul-'Eid). This
is due to the Prophet's saws command that Zakat-ul-Fitr be given
before the people come out to the prayer. Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be
pleased with him, said:
"The Messenger of Allah made Zakat-ul-Fitr obligatory as a
purificationfor the fasting person fromuseless, non-beneficial speech
(or acts) and obscene speech (or behavior), and as a means of feeding
the poor. So whoever gives it before the prayer (Salat-ul-'Eid), then
it is an accepted Zakah, and whoever gives it after the prayer
(Salat-ul-'Eid), then it is a form of charity (Sadaqah)." (It has been
mentioned previously.)
The time of making it up (i.e. paying it late) is after the 'Eid
prayer and anytime thereafter. Zakat-ul-Fitr may be given during this
time (followingthe prayer) and it is acceptable, however it is
disliked (to give it late). ...

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A Thought About TheEid Celebration

As I left for the Eid Prayer on the early morning of Eid Al-Fitr, my
husband and I begin making the EidTakbeers through all of thetraffic
and the stop lights. Iwas feeling quite content, it was after all,
Eid. But notonly Eid, I had been to many other Eid prayers
before...this one was somehow different for me.Since I have converted
to Islam almost seven years ago, it has taken me quite sometime to
begin to comprehend the greatnessof this religion and to study it a
little more in-depth. It has taken some time to understand why and how
we do certain things as Muslims. Also, it has taken some time for this
holiday to have a deep meaning for me as well as time for me to grow
as a Muslim. I began thinking about another reason why this Eid was
different for me. I realize now that it was also very special because
I was going to the Eid prayer where I knew almost everyone there,
almost as though they were my close family (and for many converts to
Islamthat means a great deal).
As my husband and I arrived at the place of the prayer and we looked
to see a good friend of my husband's directing the traffic. We parked
and I walked towards the prayerarea, it was such a peaceful morning. I
entered the prayer area, and I was greeted by a couple of sisters that
I know to be kind-hearted and Masha Allah, pious Muslimahs. They were
directing the other sisters towards the Qibla and directing them to
remove their shoes from the court area as they passed through the big
doors of the gymnasium. My job was handing out the Takbeer sheet to al
those entering. As I stood by the entrance door, saying,"As-salaamu
Alaykum, Eid Mubarak and TaqabballahuMina wa Minkum (Peace beupon you,
Happy Eid and May Allah accept your good deeds and mine)", everyone
was smiling and joyful. Some sisters grabbed me with delight hugging
me and others shaking my hand enthusiastically. SubhanAllah, I
couldn't help but feel so strong in my Eman as I was on this last Eid
day. A feeling of trust, and a feeling of closeness that you cannot
experience in any other way. I had been a Christianbefore, and had
been to the Christian celebrations and through all the
hooplasurrounding it, not a shredof a similar feeling ever existed as
on the Eid.
I thought of the hadith of the Prophet (pbuh) where he had told the
us, after seeing the people of Medinah had two holidays they
celebrated before Eid,he said, "Allah has given you better than those
(feasts): The Eid Al-Udhaa and the Eid Al-Fitr" [Ahmad, Abu Dawoud &
Nasaa'ee] SubhanAllah it isso true. Even with all the sparkle and
pizzazz that the non-Muslims surround their holidays with, it still
cannot compare to the feeling of the Eid. A feelingof true kinship
with your fellow brothers and sisters in Islam, and true feeling of
peacefulness. Masha Allah, it is something to ponder over, and we must
always keep in mind what a great blessing it really is that Allah has
bestowed on us all the Greatest of Mercies...that He (SWT) made us
Muslims. Amy Allah (SWT) keep us all on the Siratul Mustaqeem (The
Straight Path) and bless us all with a strong Eman, ameen.

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Muslims celebrate this Eid with aid Many forgo traditional gifts to help victims of Asia earthquake

By Tara Dooley, Houston Chronicle
Nov. 3, 2005, 12:06AM
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Any other year, Dr. Kashif Ansari would be celebrating Eid al-Fitr
with a gathering of friends and family. He would be decked out in a
new suit for an elaborate feast and the exchange of gifts, traditions
of the Muslim holiday.
Not this year.
With the start of Eid today,Ansari will observe the traditionally
festive holiday with prayer, as is required by the faith. But there
will be few new clothes or gifts, he said. A banquet will be held as
afundraiser for survivors of the Oct. 8 earthquake in South Asia that
killed more than 73,000 peopleand left millions of others homeless,
most inPakistan.
"None of the families I know are (buying) new clothes," said Ansari,
who is involved in relief efforts through the Association of
Physiciansof Pakistani Descent of North America. "In Houston,
everybody I talk to has said, 'No, not this year.'
'Eid starts after the sighting of the crescent moon, which happened
Wednesday. It comes at the end of Ramadan, the holiest month of the
Islamic calendar, during which Muslims fast in daylight hours.
Observing Ramadan, which began Oct. 5, is considered one of the five
main pillars, or tenets, of the faith.
Another of the five pillars is giving to charity. And many Muslims
donate the required 2.5 percent of their assets during Ramadan.
Andy Ayub Badat helps the Islamic Circle of North America Relief
USA-Houston coordinate the purchase and shipment of two ambulances to
aid disaster relief efforts in Pakistan.
"Ramadan and charity are like brother and sister," said Naeem Baig, a
spokesman for the Islamic Circle of North America, which is providing
earthquake aid. "We knowfrom the life of the Prophet ... that during
the month of Ramadan his generosity is described as a 'rain that comes
with thewind.' "
Many Muslims, especially those of Pakistani descent, said they plan to
tone down their Eid festivities this year. Some said they plan to give
the money earmarked for feasts and finery to relief efforts in the
Pakistan tent cities that are being set up for survivors.
"It is very, very low key," said Anjali Khusro of Khazana Jewels, who
has experienced lower than normal holiday sales this year. "People are
not in the mood of celebrating Eid. They are in the mood of giving."
Ramadan is the most important time of the year for Muslim charities.
Since the federal investigations of Islamic aid groups with suspected
ties to terrorists after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, some Muslims
have opted to donate only to neighborhood causes.
But with the earthquake striking a predominantly Muslim country three
days after start of the holy month, donors have responded generously,
relief organizers said. Islamic Relief had to hire temporary employees
to keep up. "Donations have been coming in at record pace," said Arif
Shaikh, spokesman for the nonprofit headquartered in Los Angeles.
Since the earthquake, the agency has received $4 million in cash
contributions, Shaikh said. Money has been used to provide medicine,
food, winterized tents, mattresses and blankets.
Similarly, the relief arm of the Islamic Circle, ICNA Relief ,
experienced a marked increase in donations. In the three days after
the earthquake the group received$800,000, Baig said. In Houston, ICNA
Relief volunteers held fundraisers at local restaurants and collected
medicine to send to Pakistan, said Ayub Badat, a volunteer operation
manager for the agency.
The group also raised money to buy two ambulances which will be
shipped Friday to Pakistan.
The Islamic Society of Greater Houston collectedroughly $275,000 in
donations earmarked for Pakistan, President Rodwan Saleh said, and
headded that the majority of the group's Muslims are of Pakistani
descent.
"Everybody is paying, paying, giving, giving," said Badat, who plans
to travel to Pakistan next week.
Indeed, Muslim charities have been in overdrive since last year's
tsunami inSoutheast Asia struck a little more than a month after
Ramadan had ended, when people had already donated to their favorite
causes. Many charities, such as Islamic Relief, also supported relief
efforts after hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
Efforts in Pakistan will continue for years, relief groups said.
Though some are concerned that generosity may decrease with the end of
Ramadan when donors feel tapped out, Baig thinks the aid will
continue.
"The Muslim community inNorth America ... is a very blessed community
when it comes to financial resources," he said. "I am very hopeful it
will continue."

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Ramadan and Community Health

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the fivepillars of Islam
enjoined upon Muslims by almighty Allah as mentioned in verse 183 of
chapter 2: "O you who believe! Fastingis prescribed to you as it was
prescribed to those before you, that ye may learn self restraint."
Reduced Crime and Higher Morale
The enormous impact of Ramadan on a Muslim society is seen from the
fact that as compared to the other months, the number of all sorts of
crimes and the magnitude of corruption, indecency, vicious behaviour
and immoral acts are all reduced markedly. The rate of crimes in
Muslim societies is already lower than other societies and it declines
even more in the holy month of Ramadan.
Violence and crime imposea great burden on the health budget of any
country. As a matter of factin most developed countries they supersede
the expenditure and agony caused even by the road traffic accidents.
In a Muslim country like Saudi Arabia the crime rate is already much
lower than other countries and it becomes minimal in the month of
Ramadan.
Fasting is not just the act of refraining from food and water; rather
it is a devotion to fulfill the religious duties as well as to behave
in a manner which is harmless to others, so that even if someone
incites a person to quarrel, he has to pacifyhim by acting upon this
saying of the Holy ProphetMuhammad (pbuh), "Fasting is a shield or
protection from the fire and from committing sins, if one of you is
fasting, he should avoid quarrelling and if somebody should fight or
quarrel with him he should say I am fasting."
In another Hadith, Allah's Apostle says, "Whoever does not give up
forged speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of hisleaving
food and drink."
Although such good teachings of Islam are not confined to the month of
Ramadan alone, yet they are best observed in this month. Hence, one
can notice a great fall in the crime rate, violence, loss ofworking
days due to offensive injuries and a great reduction in the cost of
medico-legal expenditure which has a pronounced effect on the health
budget of a given community.
There is no doubt in sayingthat the number of offensive injuries and
trauma cases reported to the emergency rooms in a Muslim country is
far less in the month of Ramadan than in any other month. Ramadan, in
other words, is a training period for the Muslims in which the
foundations of a subtle character are laid whose gains can also be
seen round the year and this has a positive effect on themorale of the
whole society.
Happiness and Reduced Stress
Now, to come to another blessedness of Ramadan. In today's stressful
time when every third person issuffering from a psychological problem
even though it might be a mild depression, the advent of Ramadan
meansan era of happiness and felicity for all Muslims.
Social insecurity is the rootcause of today's psychological chaos and
bereavement. Ramadan, incontrast, is a month of optimum social
interactionand familiarization with each other. Mosques are thronged
with worshippers, people invite intimate friends to iftar, shopping
centers are packed with crowds and Eid offers a rainbow of joyous
moments, althoughthe real happiness which the believers derive
comesfrom the fulfillment of Allah's order about which He says that
fasting is for Him alone and He will pay its reward.
Ramadan has its own culture, a glimpse of whichcan be seen at Iftar
when the whole family joins together to dine. Allah's apostle (pbuh)
says, "There are two pleasuresfor the fasting person: one, at the time
of breaking his fast, and the other at the time when he will meet his
Lord. Then he will be pleased because of his fasting."
Not surprisingly, due to the decreased stress the human body's steroid
level, which is raised in stress and anxiety, has been found to be
decreased among Muslims in the month of Ramadan.
Cleanliness
Cleanliness is the hallmark of Islamic virtues. Although according to
Islamic teachings, a good Muslim offering his prayersregularly is
supposed to beneat and tidy, in the month of Ramadan personal
cleanliness among the Muslims reaches its peak. I need not mention
that a high level of cleanliness in the days of Ramadan will deter
infections. The zeal to offer prayers in Ramadan continues in other
days as well, more and more people form the habit of offering prayers
regularly, which by itself isa spiritual and health package for
Muslims.

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