Engagment, - Dought& clear, - * He lives in America and has done the marriage contract with her; can she travel to join him?

I am a young woman living in Jordan, and I got engaged on the basis of
a contract to a young man who is religiously committed and fears
Allah, and he lives in America. We have been engaged for a year and a
half, and he is still studying. My question is: is it permissible for
me to travel to be with him and his mother until he finishes his
studies, then we can go to where he is going to work? Please note that
until now there is no place where we can get married and live
together. In other words I would stay with him until he finishes his
studies. Please note that I cannot stay away from him more than that,
and my being with him will help him to keep away from the fitnah that
surrounds him.
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Praise be to Allaah.
If you mean that the marriage contract has been done for you and there
remains nothing but consummation of the marriage, and that he wants to
consummate the marriage with you there, then there is nothing wrong
with that; rather it is something good and we encourage you and advise
you to go ahead, because it is better for you to be with your husband
and it is more chaste for you and for him, and will keep both of you
further away from fitnah.
Your family and his should announce news of the consummation of the
marriage everywhere and publicise it in the place where you are. It is
not essential for the consummation to actually take place in the
country where you are; rather that may be easier for you and it may be
more affordable to get married this way in the beginning, then after
that you can prepare your home gradually.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
It is better for a woman to travel overseas with her husband than to
stay in her country; that is better for her and for him too. I do not
see anything wrong with it.
End quote fromLiqa' al-Baab al-Maftooh, 81/17
See also the answer to question no. 3477
In that case he has to come and travel with you, or one of your
mahrams should travel with you to take you to him, because a woman can
only travel with a mahram. See the answer to questions no. 316and
34380
If you mean that you will travel to him without that which is
customarily called consummation, meaning that you would be travelling
to him thinking that you are married in the sense that a marriage
contract has been done but the marriage has not been consummated, in
spite of all that you mention, and that the actual consummation of the
marriage will come after he finishes his studies and gets a house and
a job, when he can afford the expenses of marriage and the
consequences and costs thereof, this is a kind of messing about and
fooling oneself, and that is something that is not acceptable at all.
This idea of yours seems to be based on the way you phrased your
question, "I got engaged on the basis of a contract" i.e., a marriage
contract, as some people call this period an engagement period, even
if the shar'i marriage contract has been done.
But if that does not mean a marriage contract, then it is not
permissible for you to travel to him and none of the aims of marriage
result from that. Rather you should look at what your words really
mean.
It says inFataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa'imah(18/69): Mere engagement
between a man and woman does not mean that it is a marriage contract.
Both the man and the woman may change their minds if they see fit
during that period, whether the other party agrees or not.
And Allah knows best.

Engagment, - Dought& clear, - * His father chose a wife for him who he does not want

After being convinced for years by my parents to marry my cousin, I
finally agreed last year and got engaged. I would however admit that I
had no special liking for her and before I took the final decision, I
also performed Istikharah but didnt seem to get a proper answer or
direction and remained confused. I finally thought that since my
parents are happy with this marriage I would go for it. I study in
another country and after we got engaged I started talking to her on
phone and among other things got to know that she has a problem of
falling hair and due to that her hair has thinned a lot. I asked her
to visit some doctors and she has started to take medications but not
of any great help as of now. After knowing all this I am very upset
with myself and also with her although I have not told anything like
that to her that might hurt her in anyway. I really feel very upset
all the time now as you would understand that I also have some
feelings and wishes about how my future wife should look like. Right
now I am always in distress and feel like that this is my destiny to
marry her which cannot be changed as doing that would severly damage
the relations in our family. I don't know what to do and can't stop
thinking about this. This has now started to affect my studies also. I
can't talk about this to anyone not my parents or friends. Thinking
about this is always keeping me disturbed. I have agreed to marry her
next year after my parents told me so. I don't know what to do now or
how things would go after that. I would like to have your suggestions
and guidance in this regard.
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Praise be to Allah.
Firstly:
Istikhaarah is mustahabb and is prescribed in Islam, but one does not
necessarily see a dream after it or get an answer as you described.
Rather its effects appear in the matter being made easy. If the matter
is made easy and goes ahead, this is an indication that it is good, in
sha Allah.
Secondly:
The son is not obliged to obey his parents with regard to marrying a
particular woman, but if he does that to please his parents and make
them happy, he will be rewarded for that, so long as the woman is
religiously committed and of good character.
If he gives the matter some thought and decides that the woman is not
appropriate for him, and is afraid that he will develop resentment
towards her or that he will later be forced to divorce her, then it is
better for him to tell his parents frankly about what he feels and to
apologise to them for cancelling his engagement. This is better than
going ahead with something he does not really want.
We advise you to think long and hard and to examine your fiancée's
characteristics, both positive and negative, before taking the
decision to cancel the engagement. If she is religiously committed and
of good character, and has no faults other than what you mention about
her hair, then this can be dealt with. And a woman may be beautiful or
acceptable despite that problem.
But we also think that you should delay going ahead with the marriage
until you have put your mind at rest about that decision.
You should offer a lot of du'aa' (supplication) and ask Allah to guide
you to that which is best in this world and in the Hereafter.
And Allah knows best.

General, Dought - clear, * Some criticisms of the belief of Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

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What is the belief of Imam Ibn Rushd, and what was the true nature of his difference of opinion with Imam Abu Haamid al-Ghazaali?
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Praise be to Allah
Firstly:
Ibn Rushd is a name that was shared between Ibn Rushd the grandson (known to the West as Averroes) and Ibn Rushd the grandfather. Both of them had the kunyah Abu’l-Waleed, and both of them had the name Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Both were appointed as qaadi (judge) of Cordoba.
The one referred to in the question is Ibn Rushd the grandson (Averroes), who died in 595 AH. He is famous for his focus on philosophy and writing books in that field. As for Ibn Rushd the grandfather, he did not get involved in philosophy; he died in 520 AH.
Al-Abbaar said:
He attained a level of perfection, knowledge and virtue that was unsurpassed in Andalusia. He was a modest and humble man, of whom it was said that he was never distracted from researching and studying academic issues since he reached the age of discernment, except on two nights: the night his father died and his wedding night. In terms of books and other writings he filled almost ten thousand pages. He had a strong inclination towards philosophy, and became a leading figure in that field. People would turn to him to ask him his verdict on medical issues as much as they would ask him about matters of fiqh. He also had a deep knowledge of the Arabic language, and it was said that he had memorised the diwaans (collected poems) of Abu Tammaam and al-Mutanabbi.
Among the most famous of his works were the following:Bidaayat al-Mujtahid, on fiqh;al-Kulliyaat(Generalities) on medicine;Mukhtasar al-Mustasfaon usool; and many other works on philosophy, in which he summarised the thoughts of the Greek philosophers. So he wroteJawaami‘ Kutub Aristotalis; a summary ofal-Ilaahiyyaatby Nicolaus of Damascus, a Greek philosopher; and a summary of Aristotle’sMetaphysics)b Aristotle. He also summarised many other books, of which there are too many to list here, to the point that he was known as the one who propagated and carried the banner of Aristotelian thought. That ultimately led to him becoming isolated, and he was shunned by the people of his era because of the strange views that he expressed and the weird, alien knowledge that he propagated.
Shaykh ash-Shuyookh Ibn Hamawiyyah said:
When I entered the city, I asked about Ibn Rushd and I was told that he was under house arrest on the orders of the caliph Ya‘qoob, and no one was allowed to visit him, because of the many strange views that were narrated from him, and the many shunned branches of knowledge that were attributed to him. He died under house arrest in Marrakesh.
You can see his biography inSiyar A‘laam an-Nubala’(21/307-310)
Secondly:
There has been a lengthy debate on the real nature of the beliefs of Ibn Rushd, and many books have been written both supporting him and opposing him. There has been a great deal of confusion as to his real beliefs and views.
Because here we do not have the time or space for a detailed discussion of the beliefs of Ibn Rushd, it will suffice to point out some of the flawed ideas in his books that are subject to controversy.
1. Interpretation of Islamic teachings so as to be in harmony with Aristotelian philosophy
Perhaps looking at the brief biography of Ibn Rushd referred to above will be sufficient to highlight this inclination in the thought of Ibn Rushd. He was infatuated with the thought of Aristotle to the extent that Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said of him: He is one of the most adherent of people to the views of Aristotle. End quote fromBayaan Talbees al-Jahamiyyah(1/120). Ibn Rushd tried hard to explain Aristotelian thought and present it to the people in a new Arabic style. Whilst doing that, when he saw a contradiction between Aristotelian thought and the fundamentals of Islam, he would try to find a far-fetched interpretation that could lead to undermining and destroying Islam. It was as if Aristotelian philosophy was the counterpart of the teachings of Islam which came from the Lord of the Worlds and are embodied in the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah. It was on this basis that he wrote his famous bookFasl al-Maqaal fi Taqreer ma bayna ash-Sharee‘ah wa’l-Hikmah min al-Ittisaal(The Decisive Treatise, Determining the Nature of the Connection between Religion and Philosophy).
2. His belief that Islamic teachings have both exoteric (apparent) and esoteric (hidden) meanings
Ibn Rushd said:
Islamic teachings are of two categories: exoteric (apparent) and esoteric (hidden). The exoteric or apparent meanings are for the masses to adhere to and follow, and the esoteric or hidden meanings are for the scholars. As for the masses, what they must do is understand Islamic teachings according to the apparent meaning, and refrain from interpreting them in any manner other than the apparent meaning. It is not permissible for the scholars to explain them to the masses in any way other than in accordance with the apparent meaning. As ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Tell the people what they can understand; do you want the words of Allah and His Messenger to be rejected? End quote.
Al-Kashf ‘an Manaahij al-Adillah(p. 99); published by Markaz Diraasaat al-Wahdah al-‘Arabiyyah
Ibn Rushd discussed this esoteric idea at length in his books, to the extent that he regarded it as one of the main characteristics of the saved group of the ummah of Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) who adhere to the exoteric aspects of the teachings of Islam, and they do not disclose their esoteric meanings to the people. End quote.
Al-Kashf ‘an Manaahij al-Adillah(p. 150)
Hence Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote at length refuting the views of Ibn Rushd in this book and explaining that esoteric interpretation of Islamic texts is flawed. These discussions appear in his two significant books,Bayaan Talbees al-JahamiyyahandDar’u Ta‘aarud al-‘Aql wa’n-Naql.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
When Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and his ilk realised that the words of the Messenger cannot be interpreted in this philosophical manner – rather they became certain that the meaning that he intended was what the people understood – they tried to explain that by saying: He was addressing the masses in a manner that they could understand, even though he knew that the truth with regard to that particular issue was not as the people understood it. Hence what these people were effectively saying was that the Messengers lied in order to serve a purpose. This is the way of Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and others who follow esoteric interpretations (baatiniyyah). End quote.
Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa(19/157)
3. Favouring philosophical views regarding the resurrection and requital
With regard to the issue of resurrection and requital, he favoured the view of the philosophers that the resurrection would be of souls only. In fact in this regard he fell into misguidance that was more grievous than simply believing in the philosophical view that the resurrection would be of souls only, as he regarded this issue as being one that is subject to ijtihaad, and said that what is required of anyone who examines the matter is to believe in the conclusion that he reaches. He said:
The truth concerning this issue is that what every individual must do is believe the conclusion to which his research leads him. End quote.
Al-Kashf ‘an Manaahij al-Adillah(p. 204)
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The followers of philosophy are further removed from the path of Islam than ahl al-kalaam:
Among them are some who think that this is part of the religion of Islam.
And among them are some who have more knowledge of religious texts than others, so they started to reject the views of ahl al-kalaam unless they are supported by a text. Whenever there was a text to support their views, they would deal with that text in one of two ways: either they would accept it completely, if it was in accordance with their understanding and thoughts, or they would deal with it like all other similar cases, and say that the Messengers spoke of that by way of comparison in order to help the people understand (and it is not to be taken literally), because there was no other way to explain it and therefore they needed to put it in these words. Ibn Rushd and others like him followed this method, therefore they are closer to Islamic teachings than Ibn Sina and his ilk. In terms of practical issues, they were closer to the limits of Islam than those who neglected Islamic duties and regarded as permissible that which Islam forbids. However both groups are somewhat deviant, commensurate with the extent to which they went against the Qur’an and Sunnah, and they are correct and sound in as much as they are in harmony with them.
Hence with regard to the issue of the universe being created (and not having existed from eternity) and the resurrection of bodies, Ibn Rushd took a neutral stance and stated that both views were valid, although he was more inclined in his heart to his predecessor (Aristotle). He responded to the comments of al-Ghazaali inTahaafut at-Tahaafut, but many of his arguments are incorrect and al-Ghazaali was in the right. He attributed some of his arguments to Ibn Sina and not to his predecessor (Aristotle), and he attributed any mistakes to Ibn Sina. In some of his arguments he spoke ill of al-Ghazaali and accused him of being unfair, because he based his views on flawed kalaami arguments, such as the idea that God does not have to have a reason or wisdom behind what He does, and that the One Who is all powerful and able to choose may decide to choose one thing over another for no reason. And some of his arguments were very confused and unclear. End quote.
Minhaaj as-Sunnah(1/255)
4. Failure to pay attention to the Sunnah as a source of legislation
One of the main characteristics of the methodology of Ibn Rushd in his books, which at the same time was one of the main reasons for his errors, was his failure to pay attention to the Prophetic Sunnah as a source of legislation.
Dr Khaalid Kabeer ‘Allaal (may Allah preserve him) said:
Ibn Rushd did not pay due attention to the Prophetic Sunnah and its status as a main source of Islamic legislation after the Holy Qur’an, and he did not quote it widely in his books of kalaam and philosophy. Therefore he missed out on many hadiths that are directly connected to many of the academic topics that he discussed. Moreover, in many cases he did not correctly understand many of the hadiths that he did quote in his books, and he subjected them to misinterpretation in order to support his views and his Aristotelian ideas. End quote.
Naqd Fikr al-Faylasoof Ibn Rushd(p. 97)
This is a brief overview that highlights some of the scholarly criticism of the beliefs of Ibn Rushd (Averroes). This criticism may be summed up by noting that he overlooked many of the Islamic guidelines that were clearly laid out by the Lawgiver, and he promoted the method of interpreting the texts in a manner other than their apparent meaning and subjecting some clear texts to ijtihaad, on the basis of some weird, alien ideas that had come from ancient civilisations that have perished.
Because of that, he is celebrated by many of those who are part of the liberal secular trends today, to the point that they think of the philosopher Ibn Rushd as a pioneer of enlightenment, even though they know that much of the knowledge in his books is regarded as extinct and wrong by modern standards of knowledge. But their aim is to glorify all liberal thoughts and ideas that are not in harmony with the fundamentals of Islam and are contrary to the facts mentioned in Islamic texts, and they resort to interpreting these texts in a very weird manner, whilst at the same time presenting themselves as people of religious commitment and Islamic knowledge and understanding. In Ibn Rushd they see what they are looking for, and they regard his books as pioneering works. We think that in his books you will find promotion of adherence to Islam and referring to it, which we do not find in the books of these modern thinkers. He adhered to the practical side of Islamic teachings and venerated those teachings in the fields of fiqh, judicial rulings and issuing fatwas, that would not be pleasing to these modern thinkers, and they would not even match up to one tenth of his level of knowledge.“May Allah destroy them, how they are deluded away from the truth!”[at-Tawbah 9:30].
And Allah knows best.












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சஹ்ல் பின் சஅத் அஸ்ஸாஇதீ (ரலி) அவர்கள் கூறியதாவது:உவைமிர் அல்அஜ்லானீ (ரலி) அவர்கள் ஆஸிம் பின் அதீ அல்அன்சாரி (ரலி) அவர்களிடம் வந்து- "ஆஸிமே! ஒரு மனிதன் தன் மனைவியுடன் அந்நிய ஆணொருவன் (தகாத உறவு கொண்டபடி) இருப்பதைக் கண்டால்-அவனை இந்த மனிதன் கொன்றுவிடலாமா? அவ்வாறு கொன்றுவிட்டால்- பழிவாங்கும் சட்டப்படி அவனை நீங்கள் கொன்றுவிடுவீர்களா? அல்லது அவன் வேறு என்ன செய்ய வேண்டும்- சொல்லுங்கள்? ஆஸிமே! எனக்காக இது குறித்து அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்களிடம் கேட்டுச் சொல்லுங்கள்" என்றார்கள். ஆகவே- ஆஸிம் (ரலி) அவர்கள் (இது குறித்து) அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்களிடம் கேட்டார்கள்.அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்கள் (இத்தகைய) கேள்விகளை விரும்பவில்லை; அவற்றை அசிங்கமாகக் கருதினார்கள். அப்போது அல்லாஹ்வின்தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்களிடமிருந்து வந்த (கண்டன) வார்த்தைகள் ஆஸிம் (ரலி) அவர்களுக்குப் பெருத்த மன வேதனை அளித்தன.ஆஸிம் (ரலி) அவர்கள் தம் வீட்டாரிடம் திரும்பிவந்தபோது- அவர்களிடம் உவைமிர் (ரலி) அவர்கள் வந்து-"ஆஸிமே! உங்களிடம் அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்கள் என்ன சொன்னார்கள்?" என்றுகேட்டார்கள். அதற்கு ஆஸிம் (ரலி) அவர்கள் உவைமிரை நோக்கி- "நீ எனக்கு நன்மை செய்யவில்லை. (என்னைச் சிக்க வைத்துவிட்டாய்;) நான் கேட்ட கேள்வி அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்களுக்குப் பிடிக்கவில்லை" என்றார்கள். அதற்கு உவைமிர் (ரலி) அவர்கள்-"அல்லாஹ்வின் மீதாணையாக! இது குறித்து நானே (நேரடியாக) அவர்களிடம் கேட்காமல் ஓயமாட்டேன்" என்று கூறிவிட்டு- மக்களுக்கு மத்தியில் இருந்த அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்களை நோக்கிச் சென்றார்கள்.பிறகு- "அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதரே! ஒரு மனிதன் தன் மனைவியுடன் அந்நிய ஆடவன் ஒருவன் (தகாத உறவு கொண்ட நிலையில்) இருக்கக் கண்டால்- அவன் அந்த ஆடவனைக் கொன்றுவிடலாமா? (அவ்வாறு கொன்றுவிட்டால் பழிவாங்கும் சட்டப்படி) அவனை நீங்கள் கொன்றுவிடுவீர்களா? அல்லது அவன் வேறு என்ன செய்ய வேண்டும்-சொல்லுங்கள்?" என்றுகேட்டார்.அதற்கு அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்கள்-"உமது விஷயத்திலும் உம்முடைய மனைவி விஷயத்திலும் (வசனம்) அருளப்பெற்றுவிட்டது. ஆகவே- நீர் சென்று உம்முடைய மனைவியை அழைத்துவாரும்" என்றார்கள்.(பிறகு அவர்கள் இருவரும் வந்தனர்.) நான் மக்களுடன் அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்கள் அருகில் இருந்தபோது-அவர்கள் இருவரும் பரஸ்பரம் சாப அழைப்புப் பிரமாணம் (லிஆன்) செய்தனர். அவர்கள் "லிஆன்” செய்து முடித்தபோது-உவைமிர் (ரலி) அவர்கள்-"அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதரே! நான் இவளை (மணவிலக்குச் செய்யாமல் மனைவியாகவே இனியும்)வைத்திருந்தால்- இவள் மீது நான் பொய்(யான குற்றச்சாட்டு) சொன்னவனாக ஆகிவிடுவேன்" என்று கூறிவிட்டு- அல்லாஹ்வின் தூதர் (ஸல்) அவர்கள் அவருக்கு ஆணையிடுவதற்கு முன்பே அவளை மூன்று தலாக் சொல்லிவிட்டார்.இதன் அறிவிப்பாளரான இப்னு ஷிஹாப் அஸ்ஸுஹ்ரீ (ரஹ்) அவர்கள் கூறுகிறார்கள்:பிறகு இதுவே சாப அழைப்புப் பிரமாணம் (லிஆன்) செய்யும் தம்பதியருக்கு முன்மாதிரி ஆனது.[ ஹதீஸ் -





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