the World of Islam In 20th century

the World of Islam
In 20th century, four main factors have causedthe individual and
social crisis in the Islamic societies. The considerable factors are;
1) The first is the system of governments or the famous pattern
of"nation - state", which has divided the unified Islamic communities
into the separate estates.
For instance, Bangladesh has been separated from Pakistan as a new
Islamicnation and also Pakistan has been isolated from Islamic nation
of India.
In Europe during the last years, Islamic country of Bosnia -
Herzegovina has been divided into separate parts of three and Muslims
in Albania and Kosovo, which have formed a unified Islamic Ummah, are
ruled by twodifferent systems.
Bangladesh has been separated from Pakistan as a new Islamic nation
and also Pakistan has been isolated from Islamic nation of India.
In Europe during the last years, Islamic country of Bosnia -
Herzegovina has been divided into separate parts of three and Muslims
in Albania and Kosovo, which have formed a unified Islamic Ummah, are
ruled by twodifferent systems.
2) The second factor, which had resulted from the political system
of"nation - state" or"national government", is the phenomenon of
nationalism among Muslims.
The concept of nationality, which alwayshas been praised by Muslims,
has changed into the concept of European and American nationalism.
By the way, the identity of individuals and groupsof the Islamic
nation will be transfer to the new national and governmental units.
Nationalism caused the divergence of the Islamic societies.
Islamic brotherhood, equality, freedom and justice have been replaced
by national and ethnic identity.
3) The third factor is the model of development ormodernism.
After the establishment of national governments and tendency to
nationalism is the next step to weaken the Islamic identity, the
plansof economic, national, political and cultural development were
thoroughly based on the pattern of modernity or development in Europe
and America.
So, during the recent century, the development patterns have
thoroughly changed the systems of education, bureaucracy, organizing
and organization, economic growth and expansion ofpress and media.
Islamic identity lost its value and was replaced by new identities of
modernity, such as classicidentities, Capitalism and Marxist.
4) The growth of the third factor in the Islamicsocieties, which
caused the weakness of Islamic identity, has not occurred in a natural
environment but has been grown as the Western powers began their
relations with the Muslim Ummah through colonial interventions and the
policies of cultural and economic invasion.
In other words, unilateralapproach to international relations and
diplomacy between Islamic countries and the European and American
powers caused spreadingthe non-Islamic identity.
At this time the systems of Media, universities, military,
bureaucracy, parliamentary and judiciary in Islamic countries, which
were built by the Europeans and Americans, acted as the load speakers
of non-Islamic and even anti-Islam identity.
A survey on the press dealing with Islamic identity indicates the
outstanding clues for the factors mentioned above.
The national press in Islamic countries has been imported institutions
and ideological organs for national and governmental systems.
Except for some limited periods, the national press and media always
served and promoted modernism, nationalism and non-Islamic identity,
and the national tendency is an undeniable issue in the present media
of many Islamic countries.
Internationally, the press until the Islamic Revolution of Iran
soughtto avoid the Islamic world concerns.
Over the past two decades that the Islamic movements caused the
extraordinary developments in the regional and international policies,
the main international media ruled by Europe and America intended to
blur the Islamic identity and primarily depicted a negative image for
developments in Islamic countries.
Islamic identity has been often mentioned"fundamentalists","religious
fanatics" and"insurgents and terrorists", in the international media.
In recent decades, cultural institutions and media companies have
launched a cultural aggression against Islamic countries throughthe
Western industries, which is completely along with their political and
economic plots.