Miracles of Reproduction in Frogs

Many suppose that frogs multiply through hatching eggs and developing
"tadpoles". However, there are many other types of frog reproduction
of which some are quite surprising.
Frogs have been created with traits that enable them to survive in a
variety of environments. Therefore, they can live in every continent
apart from Antarctica; there are species of frogs living in
deserts,forests, meadows and the Himalayas and Andes, where altitudes
exceed 5000 meters. The densest populations are scattered throughout
the tropical regions. Approximately forty species of frogs have been
identified within a 2 square kilometer piece of rain forest.
In some species of frogs, only males care for the newly born, whereas
in others only females do or both partners do. For example, males of
the "dart-poison frog" of Costa Rica keep watch, waiting for the eggs
to hatch, for up to 10-12 days. Through great efforts, the newlyborn
tadpoles climb and hold onto the back of the mother so tightly that
they appear to have been welded on. Then the mother climbs onto a
bromeliadin the forest. The flowers of this tree are shaped like
goblets pointing skyward, and are filled with water. The mother
releasesthe newly born frogs into these flowers, where they grow
safely.
Since there is no food in these waters, the mother frequently lays
unfertilized eggs in the flowers for the newly born frogs. The
tadpoles feed on these eggs, which are rich in protein and
carbohydrates.
The "gladiator frog" is another species that defends the area in which
are the eggs. The males ofthese frogs have been created with pin-like
extensions under their thumbs, with which they rip the skin off an
intruder male.
The male small African toad (Nectophyrne afra) constructs nests out of
mud, which are filled with water to form ponds, on the coasts of lakes
or slow flowing rivers. The frog makes a fragile layer of film on the
surface of the water to which the eggs attach themselves. Thisway, the
eggs stay on the surface of the water in order to inhale oxygen. Since
a minute vibration caused by another frogor a dragonfly's flying past
can destroy this film and send the eggs to the bottom of the water,
where they would be left to die without oxygen, the male frog guards
the eggs. While waiting, it kicks its feet in the water in order to
increase oxygen flow through the membranes of the eggs.
Another species, called the glass frog due to its transparency, does
not keep watch over its eggs. God inspires another method in these
frogs; they leave groups of eggs on the rocks and plants of the
tropical lakes or rivers. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles drop into
the water.
All of these various conscious and self-sacrificing behavioral
patterns, displayed by different species of frogs as acts of defense
for the newly born tadpoles, demolish the fundamental assumptions of
Darwinism. The assertion of Darwinism that all creatures are in an
individual and selfish struggle for survival comes to aninevitable
dead end in the face of the efforts of a single frog to defend its
newly born offspring. Furthermore, the intelligent behavior shown by
these creatures cannot be explained away as occurring through
coincidence as argued by Darwinism. These are clear signsthat living
things have been created by God and are directed by the instincts
inspired in them.God states in Qur'an that there are clear proofs in
living things for all people:
And in your creation and all the creatures He has spread about there
are Signs for people with certainty. (Surat al-Jathiyya, 4)
Frogs Reproduced in the Stomach
The extraordinary reproduction method of a species of frog called
Rheobatrachus silus, is another example of the superb design in the
creation of God. Female Rheobatrachus frogs swallow their eggs after
fertilization, not to eat them butto protect them. The hatching
tadpoles remain and grow in thestomach for the first six weeks after
hatching. How is it possiblethat they can remain in their mother's
stomach that long without being digested?
A flawless system has been created to enable them to do so.First, the
female ceases to feed for those six weeks, which means the stomach is
reserved solely for the tadpoles. However,another danger is the
regular release of hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach. These
chemicals would normally quickly kill the offspring. However, this is
prevented by a very special measure. The fluids in the stomach of the
mother are neutralized by the hormone like substance prostaglandin E2,
which is secreted first by the egg capsules and then by the tadpoles.
Hence, the offspring grow healthily, even though they are swimming in
a pool of acid.
How do the tadpoles feed inside the empty stomach? The solution to
this has been thought of, too. The eggs of thisspecies are
significantly larger than those of others, as they contain a yoke very
rich in proteins, sufficient to feed the tadpoles for six weeks. The
time of birth is designed perfectly as well. The esophagus of the
female frog dilates during birth, just like the vagina of mammals
during delivery. Once the young have emerged, the esophagus and the
stomach both return to normal, and the female starts feeding again.
The miraculous reproductive system of Rheobatrachus silus explicitly
invalidates the theory of evolution, since this system is irreducibly
complex. Every step has to take place fully in order for the frogs to
survive. The mother has to swallow the eggs, and has to stop feeding
completely for 6 weeks. The eggs have to release a hormone like
substance to neutralize stomach acids. The addition of the extra
protein-rich yolk to theegg is another necessity. The widening of the
female's esophagus cannot be coincidental. If all these things failed
to happen in the requisite sequence, the froglets would not survive
and the species would face extinction.
Therefore, this system cannot have developed step-by-step, as asserted
by the theory of evolution. The very first frog of the Rheobatrachus
silus species existed with this complete flawless system. All of the
creatures examined throughout this book prove the same fact: there is
a supreme design in creation encompassing all nature. God created all
living things with irreducible complexity, in which His infinite power
and knowledge are illustrated for those who examine them. The flawless
creation of God is depicted as follows:
He is God - the Creator, the Maker, the Giver of Form. To Himbelong
the Most Beautiful Names. Everything in the heavens and earth
glorifies Him. He is the Almighty, the All-Wise. (Surat al-Hashr, 24)

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Miracles of Reproduction in Frogs

Many suppose that frogs multiply through hatching eggs and developing
"tadpoles". However, there are many other types of frog reproduction
of which some are quite surprising.
Frogs have been created with traits that enable them to survive in a
variety of environments. Therefore, they can live in every continent
apart from Antarctica; there are species of frogs living in
deserts,forests, meadows and the Himalayas and Andes, where altitudes
exceed 5000 meters. The densest populations are scattered throughout
the tropical regions. Approximately forty species of frogs have been
identified within a 2 square kilometer piece of rain forest.
In some species of frogs, only males care for the newly born, whereas
in others only females do or both partners do. For example, males of
the "dart-poison frog" of Costa Rica keep watch, waiting for the eggs
to hatch, for up to 10-12 days. Through great efforts, the newlyborn
tadpoles climb and hold onto the back of the mother so tightly that
they appear to have been welded on. Then the mother climbs onto a
bromeliadin the forest. The flowers of this tree are shaped like
goblets pointing skyward, and are filled with water. The mother
releasesthe newly born frogs into these flowers, where they grow
safely.
Since there is no food in these waters, the mother frequently lays
unfertilized eggs in the flowers for the newly born frogs. The
tadpoles feed on these eggs, which are rich in protein and
carbohydrates.
The "gladiator frog" is another species that defends the area in which
are the eggs. The males ofthese frogs have been created with pin-like
extensions under their thumbs, with which they rip the skin off an
intruder male.
The male small African toad (Nectophyrne afra) constructs nests out of
mud, which are filled with water to form ponds, on the coasts of lakes
or slow flowing rivers. The frog makes a fragile layer of film on the
surface of the water to which the eggs attach themselves. Thisway, the
eggs stay on the surface of the water in order to inhale oxygen. Since
a minute vibration caused by another frogor a dragonfly's flying past
can destroy this film and send the eggs to the bottom of the water,
where they would be left to die without oxygen, the male frog guards
the eggs. While waiting, it kicks its feet in the water in order to
increase oxygen flow through the membranes of the eggs.
Another species, called the glass frog due to its transparency, does
not keep watch over its eggs. God inspires another method in these
frogs; they leave groups of eggs on the rocks and plants of the
tropical lakes or rivers. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles drop into
the water.
All of these various conscious and self-sacrificing behavioral
patterns, displayed by different species of frogs as acts of defense
for the newly born tadpoles, demolish the fundamental assumptions of
Darwinism. The assertion of Darwinism that all creatures are in an
individual and selfish struggle for survival comes to aninevitable
dead end in the face of the efforts of a single frog to defend its
newly born offspring. Furthermore, the intelligent behavior shown by
these creatures cannot be explained away as occurring through
coincidence as argued by Darwinism. These are clear signsthat living
things have been created by God and are directed by the instincts
inspired in them.God states in Qur'an that there are clear proofs in
living things for all people:
And in your creation and all the creatures He has spread about there
are Signs for people with certainty. (Surat al-Jathiyya, 4)
Frogs Reproduced in the Stomach
The extraordinary reproduction method of a species of frog called
Rheobatrachus silus, is another example of the superb design in the
creation of God. Female Rheobatrachus frogs swallow their eggs after
fertilization, not to eat them butto protect them. The hatching
tadpoles remain and grow in thestomach for the first six weeks after
hatching. How is it possiblethat they can remain in their mother's
stomach that long without being digested?
A flawless system has been created to enable them to do so.First, the
female ceases to feed for those six weeks, which means the stomach is
reserved solely for the tadpoles. However,another danger is the
regular release of hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach. These
chemicals would normally quickly kill the offspring. However, this is
prevented by a very special measure. The fluids in the stomach of the
mother are neutralized by the hormone like substance prostaglandin E2,
which is secreted first by the egg capsules and then by the tadpoles.
Hence, the offspring grow healthily, even though they are swimming in
a pool of acid.
How do the tadpoles feed inside the empty stomach? The solution to
this has been thought of, too. The eggs of thisspecies are
significantly larger than those of others, as they contain a yoke very
rich in proteins, sufficient to feed the tadpoles for six weeks. The
time of birth is designed perfectly as well. The esophagus of the
female frog dilates during birth, just like the vagina of mammals
during delivery. Once the young have emerged, the esophagus and the
stomach both return to normal, and the female starts feeding again.
The miraculous reproductive system of Rheobatrachus silus explicitly
invalidates the theory of evolution, since this system is irreducibly
complex. Every step has to take place fully in order for the frogs to
survive. The mother has to swallow the eggs, and has to stop feeding
completely for 6 weeks. The eggs have to release a hormone like
substance to neutralize stomach acids. The addition of the extra
protein-rich yolk to theegg is another necessity. The widening of the
female's esophagus cannot be coincidental. If all these things failed
to happen in the requisite sequence, the froglets would not survive
and the species would face extinction.
Therefore, this system cannot have developed step-by-step, as asserted
by the theory of evolution. The very first frog of the Rheobatrachus
silus species existed with this complete flawless system. All of the
creatures examined throughout this book prove the same fact: there is
a supreme design in creation encompassing all nature. God created all
living things with irreducible complexity, in which His infinite power
and knowledge are illustrated for those who examine them. The flawless
creation of God is depicted as follows:
He is God - the Creator, the Maker, the Giver of Form. To Himbelong
the Most Beautiful Names. Everything in the heavens and earth
glorifies Him. He is the Almighty, the All-Wise. (Surat al-Hashr, 24)

What lies behind the "extraterrestrial" thesis?

As we have seen, the theory thatlife on Earth was begun by
extraterrestrials has no scientificbasis to it. No discoveries have
been made to confirm or support it. However, when the scientists who
put forward the suggestion began to look in thatdirection, they did so
because they perceived one important truth.
The truth in question is that a theory that seeks to explain life on
Earth as being the result of chance is no longer tenable. It has been
realised that the complexity revealed in the life forms on Earth can
only be the product of intelligent design. In fact, the areas of
expertise of the scientists who sought the origin of life in outer
space give a clue as to their rejection of thelogic of the theory of
evolution.
Both are world-renowned scientists: Fred Hoyle is an astronomer and
bio-mathematician, and Francis Crick a molecular biologist.
EVOLUTIONISTS' "EXTRATERRESTRIAL" DILEMMA
Claims that the origin of life could lie in space, or even
"extraterrestrials," are nothing more than science fiction. No
concrete evidence can be supplied to back them up, and news and
comments on the subject just consist of speculation that "it could
have happened." In fact, these scenarios are quite impossible. Even if
we assume that some organic compounds were carried to Earth by
meteors, it is a chemical, physical, and mathematical fact that these
compounds could not have given rise to life by themselves. The fantasy
that life on Earth could have been created by "extraterrestrials" is a
ploy by means of which evolutionists tryto avoid admitting the
existenceof God, since life cannot be explained by chance. But this is
totally meaningless, too, because the "extraterrestrial" thesis just
takes the question one step back, and leads to the question: "Who
created the extraterrestrials?" Reason and science lead us to an
Absolute Being who created us and all living things, though He Himself
was not created and has existed forever. That means God, the Creator
of everything.
One point which needs to be considered is that those scientists who
look to outer space to find the origin of life donot actually make any
new interpretation of the matter. Scientists such as Hoyle,
Wickramasinghe, and Crick began to consider the possibilitythat life
came from space because they realised that life could not have come
about by chance. Since it was impossible for life on Earth to have
begun by chance, they had to accept the existence of a source of
intelligent design in outer space.
However, the theory put forwardby them on the subject of the origin of
this intelligent design is contradictory and meaningless. Modern
physics and astronomy have revealed that our universe originated as
aresult of a huge explosion some 12-15 billion years ago known as"The
Big Bang." All matter in theuniverse came about from that explosion.
For this reason, any idea that seeks the origin of life on Earth in
another matterbasedlife form in the universe has to explain in turn
how that form oflife came into existence. The meaning of this is that
such a suggestion does not actually solve the problem, but takes it
one step further back. (For moredetail, see Harun Yahya's books The
Creation of the Universe and Timelessness and The Reality of Fate).
THE SUPERSTITION EVOLUTIONISTS SO BLINDLY BELIEVE IN:
Inanimate matter + Time = Millions of complex living species
The above formula is the shortest way of expressing the theory of
evolution. Evolutionistsbelieve that inanimate and unconscious
collections of atomsand molecules came together and organised
themselves over time, finally becoming alive and turning into millions
of exceedingly complex and perfectliving species. This superstition is
backed up by no known physical or chemical law. On the contrary, the
laws of physics andchemistry show that time has a "disorganising,
destructive" effect, not an "organising" one (the Second Law of
Thermodynamics). Actually, the "time" factor is nothing but a
deception used by evolutionists to take their theory out of the field
of observation. Since no "evolutionary process" which creates new
living things can be observed in nature, evolutioniststry to gloss
over this fact by saying: "Yes, evolution cannot beobserved, but it
may have taken place over the previous millions of years." This claim
is also torn down by the fossil record, whichshows that no
evolutionary process ever happened.
As we have seen, the thesis that "life came from outer space" does not
support evolution, but is a view that reveals the impossibility of
evolution and accepts that there can be no other explanation for life
than intelligent design. The scientists who suggested this began with
a correct analysis but then went down a false road, and started the
silly search for the origin of life in outer space.
It is obvious that the concept of "extraterrestrials" cannot account
for the origin of life. Even if we accept for one moment the
hypothesis that "extraterrestrials" actually exist,it is still clear
that they could nothave come into being by chance,but must themselves
be the product of intelligent design. (That is because the laws of
physics and chemistry are the same everywhere in the universe, and
they make it impossible for life to emerge by chance.) This shows that
God, Who is beyond matter and time, and possesses infinite might,
wisdom, and knowledge, created the universe and everything in it.
1. Massimo Pigliucci, Rationalistsof East Tennessee Book Club
Discussion, October 1997

COULD LIFE HAVE COMEFROM OUTER SPACE?

When Darwin put forward his theory in the middle of the nineteenth
century, he never mentioned how the origin of life, in other words the
first living cell, came to be. Scientists looking for the origin of
life at the beginning of the twentieth century began to realise that
thetheory was invalid. The complex and perfect structure in life
prepared the ground for many researchers to perceive the truthof
creation. Mathematical calculations and scientific experiment and
observation demonstrated that life could notbe the "product of
chance," as the theory of evolution claimed.
With the collapse of the claim that coincidence was responsible and
the realisation that life was "planned," some scientists began to look
for the origin of life in outer space. The best-known of the
scientists who made such claims were Fred Hoyle and Chandra
Wickramasinghe. These two cobbled together a scenario in which they
proposed that there was a force which "seeded" life in space.
According to the scenario, these seeds were carried through the
emptiness of space by gas or dust clouds, or else by an asteroid, and
eventually reached the Earth, and life thus started here.
Nobel Prize-winner Francis Crick, co-discoverer with James Watson of
the double helix structure of DNA, is one of those who has sought the
origin of lifein outer space. Crick came to realise that it is quite
unreasonable to expect life to have started by chance, but he has
claimed instead that life on Earth was started by intelligent
"extraterrestrial" powers.
As we have seen, the idea that life came from outer space has
influenced prominent scientists. The matter is now even discussed in
writings and debates on the origin of life. Theidea of looking for the
origin of life in outer space can be considered from two basic
perspectives.
Scientific inconsistency.
It is not possible for meteors to carry a living organism to Earth
because of the intense heat generated when they enter the atmosphere
and the violence of impact when they land. Above: Alarge meteor crater
in Arizona. Even if we accept there are livingthings in outer space,
it is still impossible to account for their origins in any other way
than through creation.The key to evaluating the "life began in outer
space" thesis lies in studying the meteorites that reached the Earth
and the cloudsof gas and dust existing in space. No evidence has yet
been found to support the claim that celestial bodies contained
non-earthly creatures that eventually seeded life on Earth. No
research that has been carried out so far has revealed any of the
complex macromolecules that appear in life forms.
Furthermore, the substances contained in meteorites do not possess a
certain kind of asymmetry found in the macromolecules that constitute
life. For instance, amino acids, which make up proteins, which are
themselves the basic building blocks of life, should theoretically
occur as both left- and right-handed forms ("optical isomers") in
roughly equal numbers. However, only left-handed amino acids are found
in proteins, whereas this asymmetric distribution does not occur among
the small organic molecules (the carbon-based molecules found in
living things) discovered in meteorites.The latter exist in both left-
and right-handed forms.1
That is by no means the end of the obstacles to the thesis that bodies
and substances in outer space gave rise to life on Earth. Those who
maintain such an idea need to be able to explain why such a process is
not happening now, because the Earth is still being bombarded
bymeteorites. However, study of these meteorites has not revealed any
"seeding" to confirm the thesis in any way.
Another question confronting the defenders of the thesis is this: Even
if it is accepted that life was formed by a consciousness in outer
space, and that it somehow reached Earth, how did the millions of
species on Earth come about? That is a huge dilemma for those who
suggest that life began in space.
Alongside all of these obstacles, no trace has been found in the
universe of a civilisation or life form that could have started life
on Earth. No astronomical observations, which have picked up enormous
speed in the last 30 years, have given any indication of the presence
of such a civilisation.