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Thursday, November 15, 2012

Julaybib - Biographies of the Companions (Sahabah)

His name was unusual and incomplete. Julaybib means"small grown" being
the diminutive form of the word"Jalbab ". The name is an indication
that Julaybib was small and short, even of dwarf-like stature. More
than that, he is described as being "damim" which means ugly,
deformed, or of repulsive appearance.
Even more disturbing, for the society in which he lived, Julaybib's
lineage was not known. There is no record of who his mother or his
father was or to what tribe he belonged. This was a grave disability
in the society in which he lived. Julaybib could not expect any
compassion or help, any protection or support from a society that
placed a great dealof importance on family and tribal connections. In
this regard, all that was known of him was that he was an Arab and
that, as far as the new community of Islam was concerned, he was one
of the Ansar. Perhaps he belonged to one of the outlying tribes beyond
Madinah and had drifted into the city or he could even have been from
among the Ansar of the city itself.
The disabilities under which Julaybib lived would have been enough to
have him ridiculed and shunned in any society and in fact he was
prohibited by one person, a certain Abu Barzah of the Aslam tribe,
from entering his home. He once told his wife:
"Do not let Julaybib enter amongyou. If he does, I shall certainly do
(something terrible to him)." Probably because he was teased and
scoffed at in the company ofmen, Julaybib used to take refuge in the
company of women.
Was there any hope of Julaybib being treated with respect and
consideration? Was there any hope of his finding emotional
satisfaction as an individual and as a man? Was there any hope ofhis
enjoying the relationships which others take for granted? And in the
new society emergingunder the guidance of the Prophet, was he so
insignificant as to be overlooked in the preoccupation with the great
affairs of state and in the supreme issues of life and survival which
constantly engaged the attention of the Prophet?
Just as he was aware of the great issues of life and destiny, the
Prophet of Mercy was also aware of the needs and sensibilities of his
most humble companions. With Julaybib in mind, the Prophet went to one
of the Ansar and said: "I want tohave your daughter married.""How
wonderful and blessed, O Messenger of God and what a delight to the
eye (this would be)," replied the Ansari man with obvious joy and
happiness."I do not want her for myself," added the Prophet. "Then for
whom, O Messenger of God?" asked the man, obviously somewhat let down.
"For Julaybib," said the Prophet.
The Ansari must have been too shocked to give his own reactionand he
merely said: "I will consult with her mother." And off he went to his
wife. "The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace,
wants to have your daughter married," he said to her. She toowas
thrilled. "What a wonderful idea and what a delight to the eye (this
would be)." she said."He doesn't want to marry her himself but he
wants to marry her to Julaybib," he added. She was flabbergasted.
"To Julaybib! No, never to Julaybib! No, by the living God, we shall
not marry (her) to him."she protested.
As the Ansari was about to return to the Prophet to inform him of what
his wife had said, the daughter who had heard hermother's
protestations, asked:"Who has asked you to marry me?"
Her mother told her of the Prophet's request for her hand in marriage
to Julaybib. When she heard that the request had come from the Prophet
and thather mother was absolutely opposed to the idea, she was greatly
perturbed and said:
"Do you refuse the request of the Messenger of God? Send me to him for
he shall certainly not bring ruin to me." This was the reply of a
truly great person whohad a clear understanding of what was required
of her as a Muslim. What greater satisfaction and fulfillment can
aMuslim find than in responding willingly to the requests and commands
of the Messenger of God! No doubt, this companion of the Prophet,
whose name we do not even know had heard theverse of the Quran: "Now
whenever God and His Apostle have decided a matter, it is not for a
believing man or believing woman to claim freedom of choice in so far
as they themselves are concerned. And he who disobeys God and His
Prophet has already, most obviously, gone astray." (The Quran, Surah
al-Ahzab, 33:36).
This verse was revealed in connection with the marriage ofZaynab bint
Jahsh and Zayd ibn al-Harithah which was arranged by the Prophet to
show the egalitarian spirit of Islam. Zaynab at first was highly
offended at the thought of marrying Zayd a former slave and refused to
do so. The Prophet prevailed upon them both and they were married.
Themarriage however ended in divorce and Zaynab was eventually married
to the Prophet himself. It is said that the Ansari girl read the verse
to her parents and said:
"I am satisfied and submit myself to whatever the Messenger of God
deems good for me." The Prophet heard of her reaction and prayed for
her:"O Lord, bestow good on her in abundance and make not her lifeone
of toil and trouble."
Among the Ansar, it is said therewas not a more eligible bride than
she. She was married by the Prophet to Julaybib and they lived
together until he was killed.
And how was Julaybib killed? He went on an expedition with the
Prophet, peace be on him, and an encounter with some mushrikin ensued.
When the battle was over, the Prophet asked his companions: "Have you
lost anyone?" They replied giving the names of their relatives of
close friends who were killed. He put the same questions to other
companions and they also named the ones they had lost in the battle.
Another group answered that they had lost no close relative whereupon
the Prophet said:
"But I have lost Julaybib. Search for him in the battlefield." They
searched and found him beside seven mushrikin whom he had struck
before meeting his end. The Prophet stood up and went to the spot
where Julaybib, his short and deformed companion,lay. He stood over
him and said:"He killed seven and then was killed? This (man) is of me
and I am of him."
He repeated this two or three times. The Prophet then took him in his
arms and it is said that he had no better bed besides the forearms of
the messenger of God. The Prophet then dug for him a grave and himself
placed him in it. He did not wash him for martyrs are not washed
before burial.
Julaybib and his wife are not usually among the companions of the
Prophet whose deeds are sung and whose exploits are recounted with
reverence and admiration as they should be. But in the meagre facts
that are known about them and which have here been recounted we see
how humble human beings were given hope and dignity by the Prophet
where once there was only despair and self-debasement.
The attitude of the unknown and unnamed Ansari girl who readily agreed
to be the wife of a physically unattractive man was an attitude which
reflected a profound understanding of Islam. It reflected on her part
the effacement of personal desires and preferences even when she could
have counted onthe support of her parents. It reflected on her part a
total disregard for social pressures. It reflected above all a ready
and implicit confidence in the wisdom and authority of the Prophet in
submitting herself to whatever he deemed good. This is the attitude of
the true believer.
In Julaybib, there is the example of a person who was almost regarded
as a social outcast because of his appearance. Givenhelp, confidence
and encouragement by the noble Prophet, he was able to performacts of
courage and make the supreme sacrifice and deserve the commendation of
the Prophet: "He is of me and I am of him."

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The chaining up of the devils in Ramadaan

We know that in Ramadaan the devils (weseek refuge with Allaah from
them) are chained up. And I would like to know whether the
practitioners of sihr (magic, witchcraft) – may the curse of Allaah be
upon them – practise their craft in this month?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Yes, the devils may whisper to man in Ramadaan, and the practitioners
of witchcraft may practise their craft during Ramadaan, but that
undoubtedly happens toa lesser extent than at times other than
Ramadaan.
It was proven that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) said: "When Ramadaan begins, the gates of Paradise are opened,
and the gates ofHell are closed, and the devils are chained up."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari,3277; Muslim, 1079. According to al-Nasaa'i:
"The most evil jinn are chained up."
This does not mean that the devils have no influence at all, rather it
indicates that they become weaker in Ramadaan and are not able to do
what they areable to do at times otherthan Ramadaan.
It may be interpreted as meaning that the ones who are chained up are
the most evil devils, not all of them.
Al-Qurtubi said: If it is said, how come we see many evil actions and
sins being committed in Ramadaan, for if the devils were chained up,
that would not happen?
The answer is that (evil actions) are reduced on the part of those who
fast meeting all the conditions of fasting andpaying attention to the
etiquette of fasting.
Or some of the devils – namely the most evil ones – are chained up,
not all of them, as previously mentioned in some reports.
Or it may mean that evil actions are reduced in Ramadaan, which is
something that we can see. Even though evil actions happen in
Ramadaan, they are less than at other times. Evenif all of the devils
were to be chained up, that does not mean that no evil action would
happen, because there are other causes of evil action besides the
devils,such as evil souls, bad habits and the human devils.
From Fath al-Baari.
And Allaah knows best.

Is Iblees a jinn or an angel?

I was just wondering if Iblis was actually a jinn or an angel. This
particular issue recently sparked my curiosity when it was presented
to me by a person I know. If he is an angel, then how is it he
disobeyed Allah, when Angels have no will of their own and follow only
Allah's command. If he is really a jinn, then itwould better explain
his disobedience as then he actually had the choice to obey or disobey
Allah.I would appreciate a response, even if it is a brief one.
Praise be to Allaah.
Ibless - may Allaah curse him - is one of the jinn. He was not an
angel for a single day, not even for an instant. The angels were
created noble; they never disobey Allaah when He commands them to do
something and they do what they are commanded. This is clearly stated
in the Qur'aanic texts which indicate that Iblees is one of the jinn
and not one of the angels. These texts include the following:
1. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And (remember) when We said to the angels: "Prostrate yourselves unto
Adam." So they prostrated themselves except Iblees (Satan). He was one
of the jinn; he disobeyed the Command of his Lord. Will you then take
him (Iblees) and his offspring as protectors and helpers rather than
Me while they are enemies to you? What an evil is the exchange for the
Zaalimoon (polytheists, and wrongdoers, etc)." [al-Kahf 18:50]
2. Allaah stated that He created the jinn from
fire, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And the jinn, We created aforetime from the smokeless flame of fire"
[al-Hijr 15:27]
"And the jinn He created from a smokeless flame of fire" [al-Rahmaan 55:15]
And it was narrated in a saheeh hadeeth that 'Aa'ishah said: the
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
"The angels were created from light, the jinn were created from
smokeless fire and Adamwas created from that which has been described
to you." (Narrated by Muslim in his Saheeh, no. 2996; also narrated by
Ahmad, no. 24668; by al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan al-Kubra, no.18207 and by
Ibn Hibbaan, no. 6155).
One of the attributes of the angels is that they were created from
light, and the jinn were created from fire. It was mentioned in the
Qur'aan that Iblees - may Allaah curse him - was created from fire.
This is what Iblees himself said when Allaah, may He be glorified and
exalted, asked him the reason forhis refusal to prostrate to Adam when
Allaah commanded him to do so. He - may Allaah cursehim - said:
" 'I am better than him (Adam), You created me from fire, and him You
created from clay'" [al-A'raaf 7:12; Saad 38:76 - interpretation of
the meaning]. This indicates that he was one of the jinn.
3. Allaah has described the angels in His Book,
where He says (interpretation of the meaning):
"O you who believe! Ward off yourselves and your families against a
Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and stones, over which are (appointed)
angels stern (and) severe, who disobey not,(from executing) the
Commands they receive from Allâh, but do that which they are
commanded" [al-Tahreem 66:6]
"And they say: 'The Most Gracious (Allaah) has begotten a son (or
children).' Glory to Him! They [whom they call children of Allaah i.e.
theangels, 'Eesaa (Jesus) sonof Maryam (Mary), 'Uzair (Ezra)], are but
honoured slaves. They speak not until He has spoken, and they act on
His Command" [al-Anbiyaa' 21:26-27]
"And to Allaah prostrate all that is in the heavens and all that is in
the earth, of the moving (living) creatures and the angels, and they
are not proud [i.e. they worship their Lord (Allâh) with humility].
They fear their Lord above them, and they dowhat they are commanded"
[al-Nahl 16:49-50]
So it is not possbile forthe angels to disobey their Lord, because
they are protected from sin and they are naturally inclined to obey
Allaah.
4. The fact that Iblees is not one of the angels
means that heis not compelled to obey Allaah. He has freedom of will
just as we humans do. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning);
"Verily, We showed him the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful"
[al-Insaan 76:3]
There are also Muslims and kaafirs among the jinn. It says in Soorat
al-Jinn (interpretation ofthe meaning):
"Say (O Muhammad): 'It has been revealed to me that a group (from
threeto ten in number) of jinnlistened (to this Qur'aan). They said:
'Verily, we have heard a wonderful Recitation (this Qur'aan)! It
guides to the Right Path, and we have believed therein, and we shall
never join (in worship) anything with our Lord (Allaah).'" [al-Jinn
72;1-2]
In the same soorah, it states that the jinn said:
"'And indeed when we heard the Guidance (this Qur'aan), we believed
therein (IslamicMonotheism), and whosoever believes in his Lord shall
have no fear, either of a decreasein the reward of his good deeds or
an increase in the punishment for his sins. And of us some are
Muslims (who have submitted to Allaah, after listening to this
Qur'aan), and of us someare Al-Qaasitoon (disbelievers those who have
deviated from the Right Path)'..." [al-Jinn 72:13-14]
Ibn Katheer (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in his Tafseer:
Al-Hasan al-Basri said: Iblees was not one of the angels, not even
for a single moment. He is the father of the jinn, just as Adam (peace
be upon him) is the father of mankind. This was narrated by al-Tabari
with a saheeh isnaad (part 3/89).
Some of the scholars said that Iblees was one of the angels, that he
was the peacock of the angels, that he was the one among the angels
who strove the hardest in worship... and other reports, most of which
come from the Israa'eeliyyaat (stories and reports from Jewish
sources), and some of which contradict the clear texts of the Qur'aan.
Ibn Katheer said, explaining this:
A lot of these reports were transmitted from the Salaf, and most of
them come from the Israa'eeliyyaat, which may be been transmittedin
order to be examined [i.e., as opposed to being accepted as is].
Allaah knows best about the veracity or otherwise of many of them.
Some of them are definitely to be rejected,because they go against the
truth which we hold in our hands. In the Qur'aan we have sufficient so
that we have no need of previous reports, because hardly any of them
are free of distortions, with things added or taken away. Many things
have been fabricated in them, for they did not have peoplewho had
memorized things precisely by heart (huffaaz) who could eliminate the
distortionscreated by extremists and fabricators, unlike this ummah
which has its imaams, scholars, masters, pious and righteous people,
brilliant critics and men of excellent memory who recorded the
hadeeths and classified them, stating whether they were saheeh
(sound), hasan (good), da'eef (weak), mawdoo' (fabricated), matrook
(tobe ignored). They identified the fabricators and liars, andthose
about whom nothing was known, andother kinds of men (i.e., narrators).
All of this afforded protection to the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him), the Seal of the Messengers and the Leader of
Mankind, so that nothing would be attributed to him falsely and
nothing would be transmitted from him that he did not say or do. May
Allaah be pleased with them and make them pleased [by rewarding them],
and make the Paradise of al-Firdaws their eternal abode. (Tafseer
al-Qur'aan il-'Azeem, 3/90).
And Allaah knows best.

Does the one who goes to a fortune teller and asks him about something become a kaafir?

How can we reconcile between the two following hadeeths?
1 – "Whoever goes to a fortune teller and asks him about something and
believes him, his prayers will not be accepted for forty days."
Narrated by Muslim in his Saheeh.
2 – "Whoever goes to a soothsayer and believes what he says has
disbelieved in that which was revealed to Muhammad." Narrated by Abu
Dawood. The firsthadeeth does not point to kufr whereas the second
hadeeth does.
Praise be to Allaah.
There is no contradictionbetween the two hadeeth. What is meant by the
hadeeth " Whoever goes to a soothsayer and believes what he says has
disbelieved in that which was revealed to Muhammad" is that the one
who asks a soothsayer a question, believing that he tells the truth
and that he knows the unseen, has committed an act of kufr, because he
has gone against the Qur'aan in which Allaah says (interpretation of
the meaning): "Say: "None in the heavens and the earth knows theGhaib
(Unseen) except Allaah" [al-Naml 27:65]. As for the second hadeeth,
"Whoever goesto a fortune teller and asks him about something and
believes him, his prayers will not be accepted for forty days", which
was narrated by Muslim, it does not contain the words "and believes
him".
Thus we learn that if a person goes to a fortuneteller and asks him
anything, his prayer will not be accepted for fortydays, and if he
believes him, then he has committed an act of kufr.
And Allaah is the source of strength. May Allaah send blessings and
peace on our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions. End
quote.
Standing Committee for Academic Research and Issuing Fatwas
Shaykh 'Abd al-'Azez ibn baaz, Shaykh 'Abd al-Razzaaq 'Afeefi, Shaykh
'Abd-Allaah ibn Ghadyaan
Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa'imah li'l-Buhooth al-'Ilmiyyah wa'l-Ifta' (2/48)

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And Allah Knows the Best!

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