Womens Work, - Dought & clear, - * She works in a seniors’ home, cooks pork andserves wine

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I live in the west. I study during the day; this is why I searched for a job to do during the night out of need; as my father does not have the ability to pay for my study. I am the only muslim working in the kitchen of this elderly home. I have to cook pork and pour wine into cups. What is the ruling on my work, bearing in mind that I looked for work in other places but they refused to hire me because I wear hejab?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
Allaah has prescribed rulings in Islam that are based on wisdom. The rulings are aimed at setting individuals and societies straight. The one who goes against these rulings exposes himself to punishment in the Hereafter and he may be punished in this world before that.
We are not going to discuss the greatness of Allaah’s wisdom in His laws, rather we have to introduce our answer in this way because of the sister’s question, asking for the ruling on her studies or her work. She is living among the kuffaar, in their country, and they are causing trouble for her because of her religious commitment. How much pressure is this Muslim woman and many others like her living with? When will fathers and mothers pay attention and wake up from their heedlessness, and leave those lands which have caused many to lose their religion and identity? You will find that there are many wise people who regret paying too much attention to accumulating money at the expense of their religion and honour.
Secondly:
Staying in kaafir countries is haraam for the one who is unable to practice his religion openly or who is afraid that he may be led astray from his religion. See the answers to questions no. 27211, 14235and 3225.
Thirdly:
Your studying in that country is undoubtedly in a mixed environment, and there is no doubt that you are seeing sins and immorality in those places, which pains the heart of the chaste Muslim. If studying in a Muslim country is in a mixed environment it is not permissible, so how can it be permissible in a kaafir country?
The scholars of the Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas said:
For a woman to study shar’i knowledge and other fields which a woman needs to know or which will help her to know matters of her religion is something that is prescribed, so long as it will not result in anything that is not allowed in sharee’ah. But if it will result in something that is forbidden in sharee’ah, such as mixing with non-mahram men or not observing hijab, then it is not permissible, because these are haraam things, and because that will lead to corruption. End quote.
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz, Shaykh ‘Abd al-Razzaaq ‘Afeefi, Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez Aal al-Shaykh, Shaykh Saalih al-fawzan, Shaykh Bakr Abu Zayd
Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah(12/170, 171).
They also said:
Mixing between men and women in schools and elsewhere is a great evil and leads to great corruption in religious and worldly terms. It is not permissible for a woman to study or work in a place where men and women mix, and it is not permissible for her guardian to allow her to do so. End quote.
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz, Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez Aal al-Shaykh, Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan, Shaykh Bakr Abu Zayd
Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah(12/156)
Fourthly:
Your working in the seniors’ home is also haraam, because it involves mixing with men; and because it involves making food using pork, which Allaah has stated is haraam, and it is also haraam according to the Sunnah and scholarly consensus; and because it involves serving wine which is also haraam according to the Qur’aan, Sunnah and scholarly consensus.
The scholars of the Standing Committee said:
It is not permissible for a woman to work with men who are not her mahrams, because of the evils that result from her presence with them. She has to seek provision through ways that do not involve anything haraam. If a person fears Allaah, He will make things easy for him. The Committee has issued a fatwa concerning that, the text of which is as follows:
As for the mixing of women with men in factories and offices, in non-Muslim countries, it is not permissible. But they have something that is worse than that, which is disbelief in Allaah, so it is no surprise that such evils occur among them. As for women mixing with men in Muslim countries, at the time when they are Muslim, that is also haraam. The authorities in the places where this mixing occurs must take steps to put the women in one place and the men in another, because of the moral corruption that results from mixing, as is obvious to anyone who has the slightest insight.

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Womens Work, - Dought & clear, - * He is threatening to divorce her if she does not work

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I'm a young woman, converted to Islam - alhamdulillah. I'm married to a Muslim from Guinea. We doen't have children yet. I worked in a factory here in Europa. But they stoped the production and I losed the job. I'm happy about it, because I like to stay at home, I doen't want to work and the job was mixed. The problem is that my husband earns not a lot of money. His income is hardly enough for us, as life is very expensive here. And he has brothers in his county how are poor and need his help (his parents do not live anymore) . So he wants me to work. I was looking for a job that is not mixed. But I didn't finde one. I called a shaikh in Germany, which talked to my husband and explained him that it is my right to stay at home. My husband doesn't deny that but he sais that I must work as he doesn't earn a lot of money. Now he said to me: "f you don't work in one month I leave you (means: divorce)." My questions are: 1. Can I go to an interwiev where I have to talk to a woman and to her husband (for a job as babysitter) ? 2. Do I must work if I find a halal job ? 3. What do you advise me to do now ?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
The husband is obliged to spend on his family, pay the rent, cover food expenses and so on, and the wife is not obliged to provide any of that, even if she is working or is wealthy.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Let the rich man spend according to his means”
[al-Talaaq 65:7].
And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Their rights over you are that you should provide for them and clothe them in a reasonable manner.” Narrated by Muslim (1218). And he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to Hind the wife of Abu Sufyaan: “Take [i.e., from his wealth] what is sufficient for you and your child on a reasonable basis.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (5364).
Secondly:
The basic principle is that women should stay at home and not go out except for necessary purposes. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And stay in your houses, and do not display yourselves like that of the times of ignorance”
[al-Ahzaab 33:33].
Although this is addressed to the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the believing women are to follow them in that. It is addressed to the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as an honour to them due to their standing with the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and because they are an example for the believing women.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Woman is ‘awrah and when she goes out, the Shaytaan gets his hopes up. She is never closer to Allaah than when she is in the innermost part of her house,” Narrated by Ibn Hibbaan and Ibn Khuzaymah; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani inal-Silsilah al-Saheehah, 2688.
And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said regarding women’s prayer in the mosque: “Their houses are better for them.” Narrated by Abu Dawood (567) and classed as saheeh by al-Albaani inSaheeh Abi Dawood.
Thirdly:
It is haraam for a woman to work in a place where she mixes with men, because of the evils and problems that result from that mixing for both men and women. She may work outside the home in a permissible job in which there is no mixing with men, subject to the following conditions:
- That she needs to work
- That the work is suited to women’s nature and suited to their femininity and physical constitution, such as working in medicine, nursing, teaching, sewing and so on.
- That the work is in a place that is only for women, and there is no mixing with non-mahram men
- That the woman adhere to proper shar’i hijab at work
- That her work should not lead to her travelling without a mahram
- That her going out to work does not involve her committing any haraam action, such as being alone with the driver, or wearing perfume where non-mahram men may smell it
- That it does not lead to her neglecting a more important duty such as taking care of her house and looking after her husband and children.
Shaykh Muhammad al-Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The field of work for women is that a woman should work in areas that women specialize in, such as teaching girls, whether it is an administrative or teaching position, or she may work in her home, sewing clothes for women and the like. As for working in fields in which men specialize, it is not permissible for her to work where she will be required to mix with men, as this is a great fitnah which must be avoided. It must be noted that it is proven that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I am not leaving behind after me any fitnah that is more harmful to men than women; the fitnah of the Children of Israel had to do with women.” A man must make his family avoid all areas and causes of fitnah in all circumstances. End quote fromFataawa al-Mar’ah al-Muslimah(2/981).
Fourthly:
There is nothing wrong with you working as a babysitter. If it is in your house there is no problem; if it is in the house of the family you are working for, it is essential that you avoid being alone with the father of the child and any other non-mahram men, and beware of other things that are haraam, such as looking, shaking hands, speaking to men unnecessarily.
You are not obliged to work even though it is permissible, so long as your husband did not stipulate that in the marriage contract. If you are afraid that your husband will divorce you, then you have the choice between working and getting divorced, and in this case it is better for you to look for permissible work, and you will find it in sha Allaah, for the bitterness of having to work may be less than the bitterness of divorce.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And whosoever fears Allaah and keeps his duty to Him, He will make a way for him to get out (from every difficulty).
3. And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine. And whosoever puts his trust in Allaah, then He will suffice him. Verily, Allaah will accomplish his purpose. Indeed Allaah has set a measure for all things”
[al-Talaaq 65:2-3]
We ask Allaah to set your affairs straight and to bring you together in obedience to Him.
And Allaah knows best.

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Womens Work, - Dought & clear, - * Ruling on female servants working in households, and are they female slaves?!

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I'm an Indonesian Muslim, I need a fatwa regarding the status of Woman Labour, who work in midle east.
Does they who worked to family and living with that family is considering as a slave ?
It is very important to us know about The status about Woman Labour, because this issue used by christian misionaries to denigrating Islam in here.
Please attached Fatwa from some Ulama Institution/authorithies..
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
The servants who work in households do not come under the same rulings as slaves, whether male or female. Rather they come under the ruling of private workers who are hired to work for the employer, and are like any other employee.
We have already spoken about female servants and the ruling on bringing them from their countries, and the haraam actions committed by some families towards female servants. Please see the answer to question no. 26282.
Secondly:
What some of these heads of households have done to these servants is not condoned by Islam, rather Islam forbids it and warns against it. It is not permissible to use that as a means of attacking Islam or giving a bad impression of Islam, because these sins on the part of some Muslims are forbidden by Islam itself.
Al-Bukhaari (50) and Muslim (1661) narrated that Abu Dharr said: I cursed a man and slandered his mother, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to me: “O Abu Dharr, are you slandering his mother? You are a man in whom there is still some jaahiliyyah (ignorance)! Your slaves are your brothers whom Allaah has put under your command. So whoever has a brother under his command should feed him of what he eats and dress him of what he wears. Do not ask them (slaves) to do things beyond their capacity and if you do so, then help them.” This is the justice of Islam towards slaves who are owned by a person, so how should it be with a servant who is not a slave who belongs to his or her employer, but is rather hired to do a job?
Thirdly:
It is not permissible to be alone with these female servants, or to look at them, because they are non-mahrams to the men of the household. Similarly male servants are non-mahrams to the women of the household so it is not permissible for them to uncover in front of them or to be alone with them.
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked:
What is the ruling on dealing with servants and drivers – do they come under the same heading as non-mahram men? My mother tells me to go out in front of the servants and to put a scarf on my head. Is that permitted in our pure monotheistic religion which tells us not to disobey the commands of Allaah?
He replied:
Drivers and servants come under the same rulings as all other men: it is obligatory to observe hijab in front of them if they are not mahrams. It is not permitted to uncover one's face in front of them or to be alone with any of them, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “No man is alone with a [non-mahram] woman but the third one present is the Shaytaan.” And because of the general meaning of the evidence which indicates that hijab is obligatory and that it is haraam to make a wanton display of oneself or to uncover oneself in front of non-mahrams. It is not permissible to obey your mother or anyone else in matters that involve disobedience towards Allaah.
Al-Tabarruj wa Khataruhuby Shaykh Ibn Baaz.
And Allaah knows best.

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For children, - Seeking Forgiveness

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Note: Not to be confused with Buhlulwho lived during the time of Imam Musa Kadhim (as)
Mu'adh ibn Jabal was in tears when he arrived in the presence of the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) and greeted him. The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) replied to his greeting and asked: "What makes you cry?"
"At the door of the mosque, there is a good-looking youth who weeps as intensely as a mother whose young son has died, and he wishes to meet you," replied Mu'adh ibn Jabal
The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) agreed to meet him.
The youth entered and greeted the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) who returned his greeting and enquired: "Why do you weep?"
"Why should I not weep? I have committed sins which Allah (SWT) will never forgive and He is bound to hurl me into Hell," said the youth.
"Have you associated someone with Allah (SWT)?"
"No."
"Have you killed anybody?"
"No."
"Even if your sins are of the magnitude of mountains, Allah (SWT) shall forgive them," said the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw).
"My sins are greater than the mountains," the youth explained.
"Are your sins in the magnitude of the seven earths, the seas, the sands, the trees, all that lies on the earth, in the skies, the stars, the Throne and the Chair?" asked the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw).
"My sins are greater than all of these things."
"Woe unto you! Are your sins greater than your Lord?"
The youth lowered his head and replied, "Allah (SWT) is devoid of all blemishes; it is my Lord, who is greater."
"Would you not relate one of your sins to me?" enquired the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw).
"Why not?" responded the youth, whose name was Buhlul. "For seven years I used to dig up the graves of the newly buried, take out their shrouds and sell them. One night, a maiden from amongst the Ansar (The Helpers) died and was buried in the cemetery. When I dug open her grave to remove the shroud from her body, the Shaitan (Satan) tempted me and I committed a grave sin. As I was turning back, the body called out to me: "O' Youth! Don't you fear the Ruler of the Day of Judgment? Woe unto you of the fire of the Day of Judgment!"
Having narrated this, the youth wanted to know what he should do to avoid punishment.
"O' Sinner! Stay away from me for I fear that I might burn in your fire too!" cried out the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw).
The youth, Buhlul left, heading straight towards the mountains. He tied his hands to his neck and became engrossed in worship, supplications and seeking forgiveness.
For forty days, he wept day and night to the extent that even the wild beasts were affected by his weeping. After forty days he asked Allah (SWT) to either punish him by means of fire or forgive him, so that he might not have to face humiliation on the Day of Judgment.
Allah (SWT) revealed the following verse, which refers to the forgiveness of Buhlul: "And those who, when they commit an indecency or do injustices to their souls, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their faults and who forgives the faults but Allah..." Noble Qur'an (3:135)
The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) recited this verse with a smiling face and then asked: "Who can take me to that youth?"
Mu'adh ibn Jabal agreed to take him. Accompanied with Mu'adh ibn Jabal, the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) went to the place where the youth was. The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) saw him standing between two boulders, hands tied to his neck and engaged in supplication. His face had become dark due to the scorching sun and all his eyelashes had fallen off due to the intense weeping. Wild beasts had gathered around him while the birds circled over his head, all of them weeping over his distressed and pitiable state.
The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) advanced towards him, untied his hands and cleared the soil from the top of his head.
"O' Buhlul! Glad tidings for you; you have been liberated by Allah (SWT) from the fire (of Hell)," the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) said.
Then, turning to his companion (Sahaba), Mu'adh ibn Jabal the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) said, "This is how you should make amends for your sins."

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Making Up Missed Prayers, - Dought & clear, - * She did not know that madhiy invalidates wudoo’; should she repeat the prayers?

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Does a woman sin if she has sexual thoughts before marriage? Is she sinful if something comes out of her, as she feels aroused by any small reason? Please answer my question quickly as I am really worried. I did not know that there is something called madhi, and I never renewed my wudu’ when it comes out.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
A woman does not sin just because sexual thoughts cross her mind, so long as they are not accompanied by doing or looking at (anything haraam), or turn into resolve to do something. That is because of the reports which indicate that a person is forgiven for his or her thoughts. It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Allaah has forgiven my ummah for whatever crosses their mind so long as they do not speak of it or act upon it.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (2528) and Muslim (127).
Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, commenting on this hadeeth: A person’s thoughts, so long as he does not persist in them or dwell on them, are forgiven according to scholarly consensus, because he has no control over them occurring and there is no way that he can be free of all thoughts. End quote fromal-Adhkaar(p. 345).
And he said: The reason why what we have mentioned is forgiven is because it is difficult to avoid it; what is possible is to avoid persisting in it. Hence continuing to think of it and resolving to do it is haraam.
Undoubtedly giving one’s mind free reign to continue thinking of these things may lead to one doing haraam things, in order to fulfil one’s desires, so a person may end up masturbating or looking at haraam images and so on.
Hence you should stop thinking about these things and divert your thoughts from them, and occupy yourself with acts of worship and obedience to Allaah, and things that will benefit you in your religious and worldly affairs.
See also the answer to question no. 20161.
Secondly:
Madhiy is usually emitted when desire is provoked. It is naajis and invalidates wudoo’, but its najaasah is light and it is sufficient to wash the private part and sprinkle the clothes with water in order to purify it.
See the answer to questions no. 2458and 99507.
If madhiy is emitted due to a mere passing thought, then one is not sinning.
Thirdly:
If you were unaware of the ruling on madhiy and that it invalidates wudoo’, and you offered some prayers when it was present, then your prayers are valid according to the more correct view, because you were excused due to your not knowing.
This also applies to one who is unaware of some of the things that invalidate wudoo’, such as one who is unaware that eating camel meat invalidates wudoo’, then he prays. His prayer is valid.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: based on this, if a person does not purify himself as required because the text has not reached him – such as if he eats camel meat and does not do wudoo’, then the texts reaches him and it becomes clear to him that wudoo’ is obligatory in this case, or he prays in a camel pen because the text has not reached him and has not become clear to him – does he have to repeat past prayers? There are two opinions concerning this, both of which were narrated from Ahmad.
A similar case is if he touches his penis and prays, then he is told that it is obligatory to do wudoo’ after touching the penis.
The correct view in all these cases is that it is not obligatory to repeat the prayers, because Allaah forgives mistakes and forgetfulness, and because He says (interpretation of the meaning):“And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger (to give warning)” [al-Isra’ 17:15]. If the command of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) concerning a specific matter has not reached a person, then the ruling that it is obligatory has not been proven to him. Hence when ‘Umar and ‘Ammaar became junub and ‘Umar did not pray whilst ‘Ammaar prayed after rolling in the dust, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not tell either of them to repeat the prayer. Similarly, when Abu Dharr became junub and did not pray for several days, he did not tell him to make up the prayers; and he did not tell the Sahaabah who ate until the white thread became distinct from the black to make up that fast; and he did not tell those who prayed facing Jerusalem before news of the abrogation to make up those prayers reached them.
This also includes the woman who suffers from istihaadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) who does not pray for a while, because she thinks that prayer is not obligatory for her. There are two views as to whether making up the prayers is obligatory for her, one of which is that she does not have to make them up, as was narrated from Maalik and others, because when the woman who suffered from istihaadah said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “I have been bleeding severely, heavily and awfully, and it prevented me from praying and fasting,” he told her what she had to do in the future, and he did not tell her to make up past prayers. End quote fromMajmoo’ al-Fataawa(21/101).
We ask Allaah to guide you, forgive you and protect you.
And Allaah knows best.

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Making Up Missed Prayers, - Dought & clear, - * How can he make up for missed prayers?

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How can he make up for missed prayers?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
Allaah has allocated specific times for acts of worship for reasons that are known to Him. We know some of them, but some of them are hidden from us. Whatever the case, we are enjoined to adhere to them and it is not permissible to transgress against that except for reasons permitted in sharee’ah.
If a person misses the prayer, one of two scenarios must apply:
1 –
He missed it for a reason, such as falling asleep or forgetting it. There is no sin on him in this case, but he has to make it up when he wakes up or remembers it.
It was narrated from Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever forgets a prayer, let him offer it as soon as he remembers, for there is no expiation for it other than that.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (572) and Muslim (684); Muslim narrated an additional phrase: “or sleeps and misses it”.
Muslim also narrated (684): “If one of you sleeps and misses a prayer, or forgets it, let him offer the prayer when he remembers, for Allaah says ‘and performAs‑Salaah(Iqaamat‑as‑Salaah)for My remembrance’ [Ta-Ha 20:14].”
2 –
He missed the prayer with no excuse; rather he ignored it until the time for it ended, out of laziness and carelessness. This person is sinning according to the consensus of the Muslims, and has committed a major sin.
It is not valid for him to make it up according to the more correct of the two scholarly opinions, rather he has to repent and regret it, and resolve not to do that again, and he should do a lot of good deeds and offer a lot of voluntary prayers.
Ibn Hazm said:
As for the one who deliberately omits to pray until the time for the prayer ends, he can never make it up, so he should do a lot of good deeds and offer a lot of voluntary prayers, so that his balance (of good deeds) will weigh heavily on the Day of Resurrection, and he should repent and ask Allaah for forgiveness. End quote.
Al-Muhalla(2/235).
This is also the view of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab and his son ‘Abd-Allaah, and of Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqaas, Salmaan, Ibn Mas’ood, al-Qaasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, Badeel al-‘Aqeeli, Muhammad ibn Sireen, Mutarrif ibn ‘Abd-Allaah and ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azeez. It was also the view of Dawood al-Zaahiri and Ibn Hazm, and was the view favoured by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah and al-Shawkaani. Among contemporary scholars it was regarded as more correct by al-Albaani, Ibn Baaz, Ibn ‘Uthaymeen and others.
They quoted as evidence the following:
(i)
The words of Allaah (interpretation of the meaning):
“Verily, As‑Salaah (the prayer) is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours”
[al-Nisa’ 4:103]
They said: There is a set time for prayer and it is not permissible to do it at any other time except with evidence.
(ii)
The words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Whoever forgets a prayer, let him offer it as soon as he remembers, for there is no expiation for it other than that.”
The words “let him offer it as soon as he remembers, for there is no expiation for it other than that” mean: If he is slow in offering the prayer after he remembers it, then it is not an expiation, so how about the one who neglects it deliberately without forgetting or sleeping? It is even more likely that it will not be an expiation in that case, and making it up will be of no benefit.
(iii)
Because Allaah has allocated a specific time for each obligatory prayer, specifying the beginning and end thereof, so it is as if it is not valid to do it before that time just as it is not valid to do it afterwards.
Al-Muhalla(2/235).
(iv)
Ibn Hazm said:
Also, making it up should be based on evidence, and it is not permissible for anything to be prescribed other than by Allaah on the lips of His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). We ask those who say that the one who deliberately omits the prayer is obliged to make it up to tell us about this prayer that you are telling him to do – is it the prayer that was enjoined by Allaah or some other prayer? If they say it is the one that was enjoined by Allaah, then we say to them: Then the one who deliberately omits it is not a sinner, because he has done what Allaah commanded him to do and there is no sin according to what you say, and there is no blame on the one who deliberately omits to pray until the time for it ends. But that is something that no Muslim can say. If they say that it is not the prayer that Allaah has enjoined him to do, then we say: You are right, and that is enough, because they have admitted that they told him to do something that was not enjoined by Allaah. End quote.
Al-Muhalla(2/236).
Those who say that he has to make it up did so by analogy with the one who forgets or falls asleep, and they said that if the one who forgets has to make it up, then it is more likely that the one who deliberately omitted it should do so.
My response is that there is no comparison between the two scenarios, because the one who omits it deliberately is sinning, which is not true in the case of the one who forgets, so how can an analogy be drawn between the one who is sinning and the one who is not sinning?
Al-Shawkaani (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
Ibn Taymiyah said: Those who disagree – i.e., those who say that he should make up the prayer – do not have any proof to support their argument. Most of them say that he does not have to make it up unless there is a clear command (based on evidence), but there is no such command in this case. We do not disagree that it is obligatory to make it up; rather we disagree as to whether the made-up prayer will be accepted from him and whether prayer offered at the wrong time is valid. He discussed this matter at length and he favoured the view that was mentioned by Dawood and those who agreed with him, and the matter is as he put it, because I made a thorough study of this matter and I did not see any reliable evidence that obliges the one who misses a prayer deliberately to make it up.
Nayl al-Awtaar(2/26).
The more correct view – and Allaah knows best – is that the one who deliberately omits the prayer should not make it up, rather he has to seek forgiveness and repent.
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) discussed this issue at length and examined the evidence of both sides in his useful bookal-Salaah(p. 67-109).
Note: Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said:
The scholars who say that he should make up the prayer do not say that by making it up he is absolved of sin, rather they say that by making it up his burden of sin is reduced, but the sin of missing and delaying the prayer beyond its prescribed time is like any other sin, it needs either repentance or good deeds that will erase it or other things that will waive the punishment. End quote.
Minhaaj al-Sunnah(5/233).

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Making Up Missed Prayers, - Dought & clear, - * Making up the Sunnah prayer that is done before Zuhr

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If someone comes to the masjid for the Zuhr prayer and misses the 4 Sunnan Rakah(which are offered before the Fard) can he repeat these 4 Sunnan Rakah after he offers his 4 Fard and 2 Rakah Sunnah (which are offered after the Fard)?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
It is mustahabb to make up the regular Sunnah prayers if one misses them, according to the correct scholarly view. This is the Shaafa’i view and the well known opinion of the Hanbalis, in contrast to the Hanafis and Maalikis, because of the hadeeth of Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased with him), according to which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) prayed two rak’ahs after ‘Asr. He was asked about them and he said: “O daughter of Abu Umayyah, you asked about the two rak’ahs after ‘Asr. That is because some people from ‘Abd al-Qays came to me and distracted me from the two rak'ahs that come after Zuhr; these are they (i.e., I prayed them just now).” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (1233) and Muslim (834).
Imam al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
The correct view in our opinion is that it is mustahabb to make up the regular naafil prayers. This was the view of Muhammad, al-Muzani and Ahmad according to one opinion narrated from him. Abu Haneefah, Maalik and Abu Yoosuf, according to the most well known view narrated from him, said that they should not be made up. Our evidence is these saheeh ahaadeeth. End quote.
Al-Majmoo’(4/43).
Al-Mardaawi al-Hanbali (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The words “whoever misses any of these Sunnahs, it is Sunnah for him to make it up” – this is the well known view of our companions.
Al-Majd supported this in his commentary and it was the view favoured by Shaykh Taqiy al-Deen – i.e., Ibn Taymiyah. End quote fromal-Insaaf(2/187).
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
Making up regular Sunnah prayers is Sunnah if one misses them. The evidence for that is that when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) slept and missed Fajr prayer, and did not wake up until after the sun had risen, he prayed the Sunnah prayer of Fajr first, then he prayed Fajr after that. End quote.
Liqaa’aat al-Baab il-Maftooh(no. 74, question no 18). See alsoal-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah(25/284).
Secondly:
If he wants to make up the Sunnah prayer that comes before Zuhr after offering the fard Zuhr prayer, should he pray the Sunnah prayer that comes before Zuhr first, and then the Sunnah prayer that comes after Zuhr, or vice versa?
It seems that this matter is broad in scope, whether he starts with the Sunnah prayer that comes before or that which comes after, because what matters is doing it, whether it is done sooner or later.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
The scholars said: If you miss the two rak’ahs that come before Zuhr, then pray them after the prayer, because you were excused from doing them before the prayer. This happens all the time: a person comes to the mosque and finds that they have already started the prayer. In this case, he should make them up after he prays Zuhr.
But he should offer the regular Sunnah prayer that comes after Zuhr before the regular Sunnah prayer that comes before.
A man comes and the people are praying, and he is not able to offer the Sunnah prayer of Zuhr. When he has prayed Zuhr, he should pray two rak'ahs with the intention of offering the regular Sunnah prayer that comes after Zuhr, then make up the regular sunnah prayer that comes before. This was narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in a hadeeth narrated by Ibn Majaah.
Fath Dhi’l-Jalaal wa’l-Ikraam bi Sharhh Buloogh al-Maraam(2/225).
And Allaah knows best.

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For children, - Companion of Prophet Abu Lubabah: Seeking Forgiveness (Al-Istighfaar, Istighfar)

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Abu Lubabah was one of the distinguished companions (Sahaba)of the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) and had participated in the battle of Uhud and the conquest of Makkah. One of the sensitive aspects of his life was the incident of his repentance (Tawbah and Istighfaar).
When the tribe of Bani Quraidhah violated their covenant with the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw), the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) initiated a military expedition against them and besieged their fort. Some persons from the tribe of Aus approached him and requested: "Just as you had handed over the fate of the tribe of Bani Qainaqa'a to be decided by the tribe of Khazraj, leave it upon us to decide the fate of the tribe of Bani Quraidhah."
"Will you be satisfied if I were to appoint one person from your tribe to rule in the matter?" the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) asked.
They agreed. The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) suggested Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, chief of the Bani Aus tribe in Yathrib but the Bani Quraidhah refused to accept him. They told him to send Abu Lubabah to them so that they could confer with him. The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) assigned Abu Lubabah, who had his house, property and family in the fort of Bani Quraidhah, the task of conducting consultations with them.
As soon as Abu Lubabah entered the fort, men and women, old and young, surrounded him and began lamenting and complaining to him (over the state of affairs) with the intention of attracting his pity and compassion. Then they asked: "Should we submit before the rule of the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw)?"
"You could do that," he replied, making a gesture (by pointing to his neck) to indicate that submission was equivalent to death.
Abu Lubabah quickly realized that by performing this act, he had been unfaithful and disloyal to the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw). It was on this occasion that the following verse was revealed: "O you who believe! Be not unfaithful to Allah and the Messenger, nor be unfaithful to your trusts while you know. Know that your property and your children are a temptation, and that Allah is He with Whom there is a mighty reward." Noble Qur'an (8:27-28)
Overcome with shame, he came out of the fort and proceeded straight towards the mosque of Madina and, tying himself to one of its pillars in the mosque, called out: "None should untie me till Allah (SWT) accepts my repentance (Tawbah and Istighfaar)."
Abu Lubabah remained in that state for ten to fifteen days, allowing himself to be untied only for prayers or to go to the washroom.
"If Abu Lubabah had come to me, I would have sought forgiveness for him but since he himself awaits Allah's (SWT) forgiveness, leave him alone till Allah (SWT) forgives him," the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) commented when he came to know what Abu Lababah had done.
Umm al-Momineen Umm Salamahstates: "One day, at dawn, I saw the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) happy and smiling. May Allah (SWT) always keep you smiling! What is the reason for it?" I asked him.
The Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) said: "Jibril (Gabriel) has informed me that Abu Lubabah's repentance has been accepted."
"Do I have your permission to inform him of the good news?" I asked.
"You may if you wish," he answered. From inside the room I called out: "Glad tidings, O' Abu Lubabah! Allah (SWT) has accepted your repentance."
The people rushed forward to untie him but he ordered: "I place you under the oath of Allah (SWT) that none, except the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw), should untie me."
When the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) arrived in the mosque for the morning prayers, he untied Abu Lubabah from the pillar which stands even today, in the Mosque of the Noble Prophet Muhammad (saw) and is popularly known as the 'Pillar of Repentance' or the 'Pillar of Abu Lubabah'.

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Making Up Missed Prayers, - Dought & clear, - * She thought that she was in nifaas following a miscarriage so she did not fastor pray

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Forty days had passed since I miscarried the foetus in my womb, and the pregnancy had not lasted more than two and a half months. That coincided with the month of Ramadaan, then I did not pray or fast. I did not know anything about Islamic matters, but after that I found out that I was not in nifaas. Should I make up the prayers and fasts that I missed? Now I am confused and do not know what I should do.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
If a woman miscarries, the bleeding that follows is not regarded as nifaas (post partum bleeding) unless the miscarried foetus had developed human features such as a head, hand, foot and so on.
The blood that she passes is not considered to be nifaas unless the foetus had human features.
Human features do not appear in the foetus before eighty days of pregnancy, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The creation of any one of you is put together in his mother’s womb for forty days, then he becomes a ‘alaqah (a piece of thick coagulated blood) for a similar period, then he becomes like a chewed piece of flesh for a similar period, then Allaah sends an angel who is enjoined to write down four things, and it is said to him: ‘Write down his deeds, his provision, his lifespan and whether he is doomed for Hell or destined for Paradise. Then the soul is breathed into him.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3208.
This hadeeth indicates that a human being goes through a number of stages during pregnancy.
For forty days he is a nutfah (mixed drops of male and female sexual discharge, for the next forty days he is a ‘alaqah (a piece of thick coagulated blood), then for forty days he is a mudghah (a lump of chewed flesh), then the soul is breathed into him after one hundred and twenty days have passed.
Human features begin to appear at the mudghah stage, not before that, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“O mankind! If you are in doubt about the Resurrection, then verily, We have created you (i.e. Adam) from dust, then from a Nutfah (mixed drops of male and female sexual discharge, i.e. the offspring of Adam), then from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood) then from a little lump of flesh — some formed and some unformed (as in the case of miscarriage) — that We may make (it) clear to you (i.e. to show you Our Power and Ability to do what We will)”
[al-Hajj 22:5]
From this verse it is known that the mudghah may or may not have human features.
Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: If a woman sees blood after passing something in which there were human features, then it is nifaas. This was stated by Imam Ahmad. But if she see that [bleeding] after passing a nutfah or ‘alaqah, then it is not nifaas. End quote fromal-Mughni, 1/211.
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: If a woman miscarries something in which human features are visible, such as a head, hand, foot and so on, then she is in nifaas, and comes under the rulings on nifaas, so she should not pray or fast and it is not permissible for her husband to have intercourse with her until she becomes pure or until forty days have passed.
But if there are no discernible human features in that which is passed by the woman, and it is like a piece of meat with no features, or it is blood, then that comes under the rulings on istihaadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) and not the rulings on menstruation, and she has to pray and fast in Ramadan, and she is permissible to her husband, because she comes under the rulings on istihaadah according to the scholars. End quote fromFataawa Islamiyyah, 1/243.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen said:
The scholars said: If something is passed in which human features appear, then the blood which is passed after it emerges is regarded as nifaas, during which the woman should not pray or fast and her husband should avoid intimate relations with her until she becomes pure. But if what is passed is not formed, then the bleeding is not regarded as nifaas, rather it is irregular bleeding which does not prevent the woman from praying or fasting or anything else.
The scholars said: The minimum time in which human features may appear is 81 days.
Fataawa al-Mar’ah al-Islamiyyah, 1/304, 305
Based on that, the bleeding which you experienced was not nifaas, because the foetus was miscarried before the completion of 80 days, and you should have prayed and fasted during that period, unless your menses came to you.
Secondly:
You have to make up the fasts, and there is no confusion on this issue, regardless of whether we say that you were pure or in nifaas, because the one who does not fast for a reason (such as sickness or menses or travelling) is obliged to make up the fast. You did not fast for a reason, which is that you thought you were in nifaas.
As for making up the prayers, it seems that you are not obliged to make them up, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not tell the woman who was suffering istihaadah and did not pray during the time she was bleeding to make the prayers, rather he advised her as to what she should do in the future.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If the woman who is suffering istihaadah did not pray for a while because she believed that prayer was not obligatory for her, then there are two opinions as to whether it is obligatory for her to make up the prayers or not. The first view is that she does not have to make them up, as was narrated from Maalik and others, because when the woman who was suffering istihaadah said to the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him): “I experience severe and painful bleeding that prevents me from praying and fasting,” he told her what she should do in the future but he did not tell her to make up the past prayers. End quote fromMajmoo’ al-Fataawa(22/102). See also the answer to question number 45648.
To sum up:
You have to make up the fasts. As for the prayers, if it is easy to you to make them up, then do that. Otherwise we hope that Allah will pardon you for that. And we advise you to strive to seek knowledge and understanding of your deen.
We ask Allah to help and guide us and you.
And Allah knows best.

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Making Up Missed Prayers, - Dought & clear, - * He used not to do ghusl for janaabah out of ignorance; should he make up the prayers?

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When I was in the first year of middle school, one of my relatives told me about madhiy and told me that it is what comes out with desire. When I reached the third year of middle school, I took a lesson about madhiy and how to purify oneself from it. After that, every time I became junub I would wash my penis and do wudoo’ for prayer, because I did not know that it was maniy. When I learned the ruling nearly three years later, I was upset about the prayers that I offered (when I was junub). Do I have to repeat them because of my misunderstanding?.
Praise be to Allaah.
The difference between madhiy and maniy is well known. For more information please see the answer to question no. 2458. What the Muslim is required to do is learn what he needs to know in order for his belief, worship and dealings with others to be sound.
If a person offers many prayers without having purified himself correctly, because he was unaware that purification was obligatory, he does not have to repeat them, according to the correct opinion.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
Based on this, if a person did not purify himself as prescribed in sharee’ah because the text had not reached him, such as if he ate camel meat and did not do wudoo’, then the text reached him and he came to know that it is obligatory to do wudoo’ after eating camel meat, or if he prayed in a camel pen then the text reached him (which says that it is not allowed to pray in camel pens), does he have to repeat the past prayers? There are two opinions, both of which were narrated from Ahmad.
A similar case is if a man touches his penis and prays, then he finds out that the one who touches his penis has to do wudoo’.
The correct view in all these cases is that he does not have to repeat the prayers, because Allaah has forgiven things done by mistake or out of forgetfulness, and because He says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger (to give warning)”
[al-Isra’ 17:15].
If a person has not heard of the command of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) concerning a particular matter, then the obligation is not confirmed in his case. Hence when ‘Umar and ‘Ammaar became junub and ‘Umar did not pray and ‘Ammaar prayed after rolling in the dust, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not tell either of them to repeat the prayer. Similarly he did not tell Abu Dharr to repeat the prayers when he was junub and did not pray for several days. And he did not tell those of his companions who had eaten until they could distinguish the white thread from the black thread to make up their fasts, and he did not tell those who had prayed facing Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) before news of the abrogation reached them to make up those prayers.
A similar case is that of the woman who was suffering from istihaadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) and had not prayed for some time because she thought that she did not have to pray. There are two views as to whether such a woman has to make up the prayers she missed. One view is that she does not have to make up the prayers – as was narrated from Maalik and others – because when the woman who was suffering from istihaadah said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “I have been bleeding heavily for some time and it prevents me from praying and fasting,” he told her what she should do in the future, and he did not tell her to make up the prayers of the past.
End quote fromMajmoo‘ al-Fataawa, 21/101
See also the answer to question no. 45648
But you should do a lot of naafil prayers, because the naafil prayers will make up for any shortfall in the obligatory prayers. And you should seek to learn beneficial knowledge, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “If Allaah intends good for a person, He causes him to understand Islam.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (71) and Muslim (1037).
May Allah help us and you to do that which He loves and which pleases Him.
And Allah knows best.

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Making Up Missed Prayers, - Dought & clear, - * Expiation for not praying

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What is 'Kaffara'? What price should have to be given for 'one raka/ oakt salah' as kaffara?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Whoever omits one or more obligatory prayers with no excuse has to repent to Allaah sincerely, and he does not have to make them up or offer any expiation (kafaarah), because omitting the obligatory prayers deliberately is major kufr, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The covenant that stands between us and them is prayer; whoever gives it up is a kaafir.” Narrated by Ahmad, 22428; al-Tirmidhi, 2621; al-Nasaa’i, 462. And he said: “Between a man and shirk and kufr there stands his giving up prayer.” Narrated by Muslim, 242. There is no expiation for that except sincere repentance. SeeFataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 6/50
Prayer is an act of worship that is to performed at specific times, and whoever does not do an act of worship that is tied to a specific time – such as prayer and fasting – until that time is over, with no excuse, then repents, does not have to make up what he omitted, because this act of worship has been limited by the Lawgiver to the beginning and ending of that time.
Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 1/322.
But if a person misses a prayer for a valid excuse such as sleeping or forgetting, his expiation is to offer the prayer when he remembers it, and there is no other expiation required, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever forgets a prayer or sleeps and misses it, let him pray it when he remembers, and there is no other expiation for it but that.”
Al-Bukhaari, 572; Muslim, 1564
And Allaah knows best.

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For children, - Repentance in Islam (Tawbah, Taubah, Tobah): Inventor of a Religion and Repentance

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Imam Jafar Sadiq (as) related: "In ancient times there lived a man who sought to earn his livelihood and procure great wealth by lawful means but was unsuccessful. He then strived to achieve his objectives by unlawful means but once again failed.
Shaitan (Satan) appeared before him and said to him: "You tried to acquire great wealth by lawful as well as unlawful means but were unsuccessful. Do you want me to show you a way by which you would not only become wealthy but you would also attract numerous followers?"
The man expressed his willingness to know how he could get rich.
"Concoct a religion and invite people to follow it," suggested Shaitan (Satan).
The man fabricated a religion and soon, he had a lot of followers through whom he became rich.
One day he realized that he had made a mistake by leading numerous people astray so he resolved to inform the people of the falsity of his religion and the error of his ways. But however hard he stressed and emphasized, the people simply refused to accept his word.
"Your previous views were correct; have you become skeptical of your own religion now?" they asked. When he heard these words, he got some shackles and chained himself. He pledged that he would not unchain himself until Allah (SWT) accepted his repentance (Tawbah and Istighfar).
Allah (SWT) revealed to the Prophet of the time to convey the following message to the person: "By My Honour! Even if you weep and supplicate to the extent that every ligament of your body falls apart, I shall never accept your repentance, till you inform those people who have died after having been led astray by you of the reality and they turn back from your religion."

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Welcome to Islam, - * The miracle of honey as an alternative medicine

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Introduction
Honey is a sweet and viscous fluid produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers. "The definition of honey stipulates a pure product that does not allow for the addition of any other substance. This includes, but is not limited to, water or other sweeteners," according to the United States National Honey Board 2003 and other nations' food regulations. Honey is significantly sweeter than table sugar and has attractive chemical properties for baking. Honey has a distinctive flavor which leads some people to prefer it over sugar and other sweeteners.
Liquid honey does not spoil. Because of its high sugar concentration, it kills most bacteria by crenation. Natural airborne yeasts cannot become active in it because the moisture content is too low. Natural, raw honey varies from 14% to 18% moisture content. As long as the moisture content remains under 18%, virtually no organism can successfully multiply to significant amounts in honey, though, importantly, enough bacteria survive to make honey dangerous for infants )especially Clostridium botulinum(.
The study of pollens and spores in raw honey )melissopalynology( can determine floral sources of honey. Because bees carry an electrostatic charge, and can attract other particles, the same techniques of melissopalynology can be used in area environmental studies of radioactive particles, dust, or particulate pollution.
A main effect of bees collecting nectar to make honey is pollination, which is crucial for flowering plants.
Islam and honey
More than 1400 years ago Allaah and His messenger sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, told us that honey can heal a variety of medical problems.
Allaah Says )what means(:"And the Lord inspired the bee, saying: Take your habitations in the mountains and in the trees and in what they erect. Then, eat of all fruits and follow the ways of your Lord made easy )for you('. There comes forth from their bellies a drink of varying colors wherein is healing for men. Verily in this is indeed a sign for people who think."]Quran 16:68-69[
The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, has also told us of the healing found within honey for a variety of medical problems, including stomach ailments. It is reported by Al-Bukhaari, may Allaah have mercy upon him, that a man came to the Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, because his brother had a stomach disorder. The Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, said:"Let him drink honey."The man returned a second time complaining that no improvement happened in his brother’s case, and again the Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, responded: "Let him drink honey." The man returned again, and said: "I have done that but to no avail." Thereupon the Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, responded:"Allaah has said the truth, but your brother's stomach has told a lie. Let him drink honey."He drank it and was cured.
It is also reported that the Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, said:"Make use of the two remedies: honey and the Quran.")At-Tirmithi(
Modern medicine has only recently discovered the fact that honey is a remedy to many diseases. Traditional uses of honey have included honey mixed with lemon for sore throats. Honey coats the throat and reduces throat irritation. Research has already shown that honey blocks the growth of oral bacteria.
Honey has also been used for stomach pains and problems. Modern research shows that honey is effective when used in the treatment of gastric or peptic stomach ulcers. Research has also revealed that honey is effective in the treatment of various wounds and infections because of its antimicrobial )antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal( properties.
Researchers are not absolutely sure why honey heals but they are learning new things about honey everyday. As mentioned in the beginning, honey contains a variety of sugars and minerals. Honey is also considered an antioxidant. This means it allows the blood to circulate better and provide more oxygen to areas of the body such as the brain.
Honey can also be used externally to promote healing when applied to wounds, even postoperative wounds. Honey has also been effective in its use to treat burns. It has even been shown to be low in calories and useful as a sweetener for diabetics, people with heart disease or those overweight.
Although there is healing in honey for a variety of medical disorders, certain precautions should be taken:
1- Children under the age of one year should not be given honey due to the possibility of infant botulism. This type of food poisoning can be deadly, however, it only seems to affect infants under one year of age.
2- If you have any known allergies to specific plants, then you should make sure the honey you are using is not produced from that plant.
3- People with allergies to bee stings should be careful when using other bee-related products such as propolis or royal jelly.
However, if these precautions are followed, then honey may, Allaah willing provide healing for you.
Conclusion
Muslims acknowledge and accept that Allaah and His Prophet sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam know better and that our Creator Has revealed the truth. Therefore, we study the research that is available, not to confirm or deny the truth that has been revealed by Allaah and his Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, but to learn of new ways we can use honey.

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Welcome to Islam, - * The Expansion of the Universe in the Quran

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In 1929, in the California Mount Wilson observatory, an American astronomer by the name of Edwin Hubble made one of the greatest discoveries in the history of astronomy. While he observed the stars with a giant telescope, he found out that the light from them was shifted to the red end of the spectrum and that this shift was more pronounced the further a star was from the earth.
This discovery had an electrifying effect in the world of science, because according to the recognized rules of physics, the spectra of light beams traveling towards the point of observation tend towards violet while the spectra of the light beams moving away from the point of observation tend towards red. During Hubble's observations, the light from stars was discovered to tend towards red. This meant that they were constantly moving away from us.
Long before, Hubble made another very important discovery: Stars and galaxies moved away not only from us, but also from one another. The only conclusion that could be derived from a universe where everything moves away from everything else is that the universe constantly 'expands'.
To better understand, the universe can be thought of as the surface of a balloon being blown up. Just as the points on the surface of a balloon move apart from each other as the balloon is inflated, so do the objects in space move apart from each other as the universe keeps expanding.
In fact, this had been theoretically discovered even earlier. Albert Einstein, who is considered the greatest scientist of the century, had concluded after the calculations he made in theoretical physics that the universe could not be static.
However, he had laid his discovery to rest simply not to conflict with the widely recognized static universe model of his time. Later on, Einstein was to identify his act as 'the greatest mistake of his career'. Subsequently, it became definite by Hubble's observations that the universe expands.
What importance, then, did the fact that the universe expands have on the existence of the universe? The expansion of the universe implied that if it could travel backwards in time, the universe would prove to have originated from a single point. The calculations showed that this 'single point' that harbored all the matter of the universe should have 'zero volume' and 'infinite density'. The universe had come about by the explosion of this single point with zero volume. This great explosion that marked the beginning of the universe was named the 'Big Bang' and the theory started to be so called.
It has to be stated that 'zero volume' is a theoretical expression used for descriptive purposes. Science can define the concept of 'nothingness', which is beyond the limits of human comprehension, only by expressing it as a point with zero volume'. In truth, 'a point with no volume' means 'nothingness'. The universe has come into being from nothingness. In other words, it was created.
The Big Bang theory showed that in the beginning all the objects in the universe were of one piece and then were parted. This fact, which was revealed by the Big Bang theory was stated in the Quran 14 centuries ago, when people had a very limited knowledge about the universe; Allaah says )what means(:"Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them and made from water every living thing? Then will they not believe?"]Quran 21:30[
As stated in the verse, everything, even the 'heavens and the earth' that were not yet created, were created with a Big Bang out of a single point, and shaped the present universe by being parted from each other.
When we compare the statements in the verse with the Big Bang theory, we see that they fully agree with each other. However, the Big Bang was introduced as a scientific theory only in the 20th century.
The expansion of the universe is one of the most important pieces of evidence that the universe was created out of nothing. Although this fact was not discovered by science until the 20th century, Allaah has informed us of this reality in the Quran )revealed 1,400 years ago( saying )what means(:"And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are ]its[ expander."]Quran 51: 47[

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Quraanic Exegesis, Dought&clear, - * Do the words of Allah, “And full-breasted maidens of equal age (wa kawaa‘ib atraaban)” describe the breasts of al-hoor al-‘iyn?

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I have a question which has been bothering me a little bit on my view of islam, regarding surah 78 verse 32-33. In english translation it says: (31) Gardens enclosed and vineyards, (32) And full-breasted'' maidens of equal age.
What does this verse mean exactly?
Does it litterally mean that people in paradise will be given women with good looking breast?
Doesnt feel good reading it in a relgious script.
I dont see why it has to be said anyway,it already says in the quran that men will get married with good looking wives . Whats the point of pointing out the look of the womens breast in paradise?
Praise be to Allah.
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To answer your question, we would say that any critic of any text, whether it is a sacred text or a work of human literature, must pay attention in his criticism to the environment in which the text originally appeared, in terms of time, place, people and circumstances. When the critic wants to develop a precise understanding of a particular expression, he also has to closely examine the roots of that phrase in the language in which it originally appeared, the various ways in which it is used, and the meaning and general context for which it is used.
The fair-minded researcher is the one who always assumes that translation is not able to transmit the meaning as intended, and the translation is not going to be able to choose the right vocabulary that conveys all the shades of meaning carried in the original words, on the basis of the environment in which the original words were used. If he does not bear this in mind, he will not be able to reach the proper understanding and correct conclusion.
Based on that, we say to you that with regard to the literal translation of the word kawaa‘ib, it is the plural of the word kaa‘ib, which refers to a female with developing breasts, as it says inMajmal al-Lughah, 1/787
Ibn Faaris (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
Ka‘bcomes from a sound root that is indicative of a thing beginning to develop and emerge. From the same root comes the wordka‘b, which refers to the ankle, which is the bone on the two sides of the lower leg where it meets the foot; and the wordKa‘bahwhich refers to the House of Allah, may He be exalted; it is so called because of its prominence and its square shape. A woman is described as kaa‘ib when her breasts begin to develop. End quote fromMaqaayees al-Lughah, 5/186. See alsoal-Qaamoos al-Muheet, p. 131;Lisaan al-‘Arab, 1/719. This is the literal meaning of the word in terms of linguistic roots.
But it is very inappropriate to limit one’s examination to the literal, dictionary meaning of the roots of a word in any language; rather it is also essential to pay attention to the context in which the speakers of that language themselves use a word. Do you not see that the Arabs use the wordal-haa’id(lit. menstruating) in ways other than its literal meaning? Rather they may use this word to refer to an adult woman who has reached the age when she begins to menstruate; they do not mean that she has got her monthly period at that moment in time. For example, it is proven from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Allah does not accept the prayer of anyhaa’idwithout a head cover.” Narrated by Abu Dawood, 641. It is well known in Islamic teachings that it is not valid for a woman to offer the prayer at the time of her menses; rather it is forbidden for her to do that, according to scholarly consensus, until her period ends and she purifies herself after that.
The one who understands this word according to its literal, dictionary meaning will encounter this erroneous contradiction. But the one who understands it as it is used by the Arabs, referring to an adult woman who has reached the age when she begins to menstruate, even if she is not actually menstruating at the moment, will understand the hadeeth properly and will understand the way in which the Arabs use the word.
We may say something similar about describing a woman as kaa‘ib in Arabic; it is not intended as an erotic, physical description of any part of the woman’s body, as much as it is intended as a description of the girl in terms of the emergence of the signs of femininity in her, as an indication of her young age and youthfulness, so that men would be attracted to her. At this age the signs of femininity begin to appear in the girl. The point of using this word is not to describe the size of the breasts or to note their form or shape; rather the purpose is to highlight the woman’s youthfulness.
Ibn al-Jawzi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The woman is atiflah(little girl) when she is small,waleedahwhen she begins to walk, then akaa‘ibwhen her breasts begin to appear, then anaahidwhen they increase in size, thenma‘sarwhen she reaches the age of puberty, thenkhawdwhen she reaches the age of a young woman.
End quote fromAkhbaar an-Nisa’, p. 228.
It says inSharh Ma‘aani Shi‘r al-Mutanabbiby Ibn al-Ifleeli (vol. 1, 2/270): A young man is calledshaabband a young woman is calledkaa‘ib. End quote.
Imam az-Zajjaaj – who is one of the leading scholars of the Arabic language – says:
The phrase “wa kawaa‘ib atraaban(translated above as: And full-breasted maidens of equal age)” means that they are all of the same age, which is the pinnacle of youth and beauty.
End quote fromMa‘aani al-Qur’an wa I‘raabihi, 4/338
Look at how the scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) explain this description, kaa‘ib, as referring to one of the stages in a girl’s life; it is not intended as an erotic description of her body, even though that may be the literal meaning.
This is exactly the same as the way in which the Arabs use the word haa’id to refer to reaching the age of physical maturity; they do not mean that the woman is actually menstruating.
There is further clear evidence in the fact that the Arabs use this word in both poetry and prose in the context of describing a woman’s chastity and honourable nature, not in the context of an erotic description aimed at provoking desire. When the Arab poet describes a girl askaa‘ib, he is not referring to her breasts or their size or roundness; rather it is a description of any young girl, and this word is used in pure and refined types of love poetry that are far removed from any sexual connotations.
ath-Tha‘labi said inal-Kashf wa’l-Bayaan(10/118):
Hence al-Maawardi (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his commentary on the wordkawaa‘ibin this verse: It refers to maidens or virgins. This was stated by ad-Dahhaak.
End quote froman-Nukat wa’l-‘Uyoon, 6/188.
This report from ad-Dahhaak was narrated by Ibn al-Mundhir;ad-Durr al-Manthoor, 8/398
If you study the Holy Qur’an, you will always find metaphors using words that eloquently convey subtle meanings, such as the verse in which Allah describes the marital relationship (interpretation of the meaning):
“They are your garments and ye are their garments”
[al-Baqarah 2:187].
Other examples:
“And among His Signs is this, that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who reflect”
[ar-Room 30:21]
“…or you have been in contact with women…”
[an-Nisa’ 4:43].
If you were to translate these phrases literally, the meaning would not be understood, because the literal translation of the words libaas (garments), sakan (repose) and lamas (touch, contact) does not convey what is meant. Rather the context of the verses indicates that what is meant here is a metaphor that refers to the reality of marital life, but from a spiritual point of view. But if you translate these words into English in the sense of sexual intercourse, that may lead to thinking that the Holy Qur’an speaks a great deal about physical desires and uses words that directly refer to that, when that is not the case.
We are establishing this so that you will understand the importance of the critic paying attention to Arabic usage of the word according to its context, and the importance of paying attention to the gap that a literal translation may cause between the real meaning and the literal meaning of the word.
After studying a number of translations of the meanings of the Holy Qur’an into English it becomes clear that the translators differed in the ways in which they rendered the meaning of this verse, “wa kawaa‘ib atraaban”; they fall into two categories.
The first group gave the literal meaning of the word without paying attention to the usage of this word in the context of referring to age. So the translation appeared in the following wording which caused confusion to the questioner:
“And young full-breasted (mature) maidens of equal age.”
It was translated in this manner by Dr. Taqiy ad-Deen al-Hilaali and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, in theTranslation of the Meanings of the Noble Qur’an, printed by theKing Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur’an(p. 811). This is a link to their official site:
http://www.qu rancomplex.or g/Quran /Targama /Targama.asp?l =arb&t=eng& nSora=78& nAya=31
It was translated in a similar manner by both Laleh Baktiar and Ibrahim Walk.
This is an imprecise translation, not only because it does not pay attention to what we have discussed above of the intended meaning of the wordkawaa‘ib, but also because it does not pay attention to the dictionary meaning either. “Full-breasted” in English is indicative of the size of a woman’s breasts and describes them as being large and full, when in fact the literal, dictionary meaning of the wordkaa‘ibis the one whose breasts are beginning todevelop or have begun to appear, as quoted above from Arabic dictionaries. This means that they have begun to appear and take on the feminine form, not that they have become completely developed as is implied by the word “full”.
Arthur J Arberry translated it as follows:
“and maidens with swelling breasts, like of age.”
Sarwar translated it in a similar manner:
“maidens with pears-shaped breasts who are of equal age”
Another translation says:
“and voluptuous women of equal age”.
All of these are translations a focus on the physical shape of the breasts. Describing the breasts is being pear-shaped or voluptuous or swelling are phrases that are imprecise and do not reflect the intended meaning of the Arabic phrases.
The second group paid attention to what we have mentioned above and translated the meaning of the wordkawaa‘ibaccording to the context in accordance with the intended meaning, and not the unintended literal meaning. We will quote these translations here, with the names of the translators, and we call upon translators to correct their translations.
The best of them in our opinion is the translation of Maulana Muhammad Ali:
And youthful (companions), equals in age”
The other correct translations are as follows:
Marmaduke Pickthall: “And maidens for companions”
Abdullah Yusuf Ali: “Companions of equal age”
Muhammad Taqi Uthmani: “And buxom maidens of matching age”.
And Allah knows best.

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