But we cannot, of course, calculate this delicate balance while
eating sugary foods in our daily lives. Yet this calculation is
performed "on our behalf" by our bodies with a most sensitive
balance. Pancreatic cells, with no eyes, brain or hands and too small
to be seen with the naked eye, monitor the level of sugar molecules
inside a fluid in a flawless way and as a blessing from Allah.
Carbohydrates begin being digested in the mouth, being met by
enzymes in saliva that break down carbohydrate. The digestion of
the partially broken down molecules ends in the small intestine. The
glucose molecules that emerge as a result of that digestion causes
blood pressure to rise. But blood pressure is kept in balance by
enzymes that intervene in glucose molecules. In short, one
essential molecule for the body is kept in balance, by another
molecule created by the will of Almighty Allah.
In the event of excess glucose in the body, these molecules are
converted by means of an enzyme into another form known as
"glycogen," and stored. The enzyme involved in the conversion of
glucose to glycogen is known as "glyconase." This enzyme is
manufactured by the liver, and that manufacture is under the
control of a hormone secreted by the pancreas and known as
"insulin." The glycogen produced goes into action when the body
needs energy and assumes a form ready to be used.
How Is Excess Sugar Balanced in the Body?
Pancreas cells find a sugar molecule from among all the millions of
molecules in our blood and distinguishes it from them. What is more,
they decide whether there are too few or too many of these
molecules. They literally count the sugar molecules. The manner in
which cells with no eyes, brain or hands and that are too small to
be seen with the invisible eye can form an idea about sugar
molecules is worthy of some reflection.
If the pancreas cells determine that there is more sugar in the
blood than there should be, they decide to store that sugar. But
they do not do that storing themselves. They have it done by other
cells a long way away from them.
These far-off cells do not store sugar until a command comes telling
them to do so but the pancreas cells send them a hormone carrying the
instruction "start storing sugar." The formula for this hormone,
known as "insulin," is recorded in the DNA of the pancreas cells
since the moment they come into being.
Special enzymes (worker proteins) in the pancreas cells read this
formula and manufacture insulin accordingly. Hundreds of enzymes,
all with different functions, work on this production.
The insulin hormone produced is sent to the target cells through the
blood, the safest and fastest transportation network.
The other cells that read this "store sugar" command written in the
hormone insulin and obey it without question. Gates are opened to
allow sugar molecules to enter the cells.
But these gates do not open at random. The storage cells distinguish
sugar cells alone from all the hundreds of different molecules in
the blood, trap them and imprison them inside themselves.
Cells never disobey the instructions that reach them, they never
misunderstand it, trap the wrong substances or try and store more
sugar than necessary. They work with great discipline and
self-sacrifice.
So when you drink too-sweet tea, this extraordinary system goes
into operation and stores the excess sugar in your body. If that
system did not work, the level of sugar in your blood would rise
quickly and you would enter a coma and die. This system is so
flawless that it can also work in the opposite way when necessary.
If the level of sugar in the blood falls below normal, then this
time the pancreas cells manufacture a very different hormone,
"glucagon." Glucagon carries an instruction to the cells storing
sugar to "release sugar into the blood." The cells obey that
command as well, and release the sugar they are storing.
How is it that cells with no brain, nervous system, eyes or ears are
able to perform such flawless calculations and activities? How is it
that unconscious entities made up of combinations of proteins and
fat molecules can do things too hard even for human beings to do?
What is the source of this great consciousness exhibited by
unconscious molecules? These phenomena of course show us the
existence and might of Allah, Lord of all the universe and all
living things.
What Happens When Sugar Enters Our Bodies?
A. Carbohydrates turn into glucose in the intestines and join the
blood stream. If the level of glucose rises very high, the pancreas
releases the hormone insulin that helps the cells absorb the
glucose.
B. The hormone combines with a receptor that activates the glucose
transporter. The glucose enters the cell and turns into energy. The
level of glucose in the body remains stable. In diabetics, however,
insulin fails to bind to the receptor and the transporter becomes
inactive. The glucose remains in the blood system and blood sugar
levels rise.
1. Glucose
2. Red blood cells
3. Normal blood vessel
4. Glucose is converted into energy
5. Active transporter
6. Insulin
7. Active transporter
8. A NORMAL HUMAN BEING
9. Carbohydrates, sugar, etc.
10. Breast glands
11. Stomach
12. Liver
13. Intestines
14. A DIABETIC
15. insulin
16. glucose
17. inactive receptor
18. inactive transporter
19. affected blood vessel
Glucose needs to be present at a level of 60% in the human body, in
other words, 110 mg/dl, and 0.1 mg/dl in tissues. If something goes
wrong with the system and insufficient glucose, the brain's most
important fuel, reaches the brain then this has very serious
consequences. If the level of glucose reaching the brain falls below
0.04 mg/dl, the brain cells become oversensitive and send
instructions to the body, causing the muscles in the body to
constantly contract. Death takes place shortly after as a result.
How Does Diabetes Occur?
As described in brief above, carbohydrates turn into glucose in the
intestines and enter the blood stream. If the level of glucose is
very high, the pancreas cells release a hormone called insulin that
helps cells absorb glucose. The hormone combines with a receptor
that activates the glucose transporter. Glucose then enters the
cell and turns into energy. In diabetics, however, if the pancreas
does not perform this function then insulin cannot bind to its
receptor and the transporter becomes inactive. The glucose remains
in the blood stream, the level of sugar in the blood rises and the
excess sugar in the blood is stored in the liver.
• 100 grams of blood collected after fasting contains 80 milligrams
of sugar. After eating, that level rises to 140 mg in 1-2 hours.
• The level of sugar in the blood is determined as follows depending
on the level of the disease.
• 1-2 hours after eating, blood sugar levels are;
• 80 mg - 140 mg in normal people.
• Moderate: 130 mg 0 190 mg.
• Severe: 160 mg - 215 mg.
• You can now perform an experiment, if you like. Give yourself an
instruction and tell the cells in your body, especially those in the
liver, to "take back the sugar in my blood" and wait for them to
listen to you and start storing sugar!
No such thing will happen. You will be unaware of the pancreas,
insulin and the liver in your daily life, let alone be able to control
them. You will be unaware that your blood sugar level has risen.
Even if two bottles with different levels of sugar in them were put
in front of you, you still could not tell the difference; you would
need a laboratory and advanced equipment to do that. But some of
your cells that you have never seen measure the level of sugar in
your blood more sensitively than that laboratory and equipment and
decided what needs to be done. They then take the appropriate
steps. The cells recognize the sugar in the blood, distinguish them
and trap them. Instead of someone entering a sugar coma and dying
after eating a cake, he remains alive, by Allah's leave, thanks to
this wonderful system.
The Human Body Has Been Equipped with Flawless Characteristics Ever
Since the Creation of the First Human Being, Adam (pbuh)
The flawless system in the human body works just like a factory and,
unless Allah chooses otherwise, it never makes a mistake. Every
cell and every molecule knows its job and performs it to
perfection. Everything, from the amino acids that represent the
building blocks of life, to atoms, and from molecules to proteins
has submitted to the might of Allah. Neither the molecules within a
cell nor the other structures that act alongside it have any
intelligence, knowledge, skills or education. There is no need to wait
for a certain amount of time for this whole system and production
to develop: We are born with this perfect system, which was created
then the same as we have it now. Allah has flawlessly created this
division of labor that has been operating for thousands of years,
long before science was ever aware of it. And every molecule in
every human being has always done its work in a perfect manner.
This sublime creative artistry of Allah is revealed as follows in
the Qur'an:
" We created man from the purest kind of clay; then made him a drop
in a secure receptacle; then formed the drop into a clot and formed
the clot into a lump and formed the lump into bones and clothed the
bones in flesh; and then brought him into being as another
creature. Blessed be Allah, the Best of Creators!" (Surat
al-Mu'minun, 12-14)
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