First of all, we'd like to state that in Islam the marriage of a man
and a woman is not just a financial and physical arrangement of living
together but a sacred contract, a gift of God, to lead a happy,
enjoyable life and continue the lineage. The main goal of marriage in
Islam is the realization of tranquility and compassions between the
spouses. For the attainment of this supreme goal, Islam defined
certain duties andrights for the husband and wife.
For a detailed account of these mutual duties and rights, we'd like to
cite the following:
"Piety is the basis of choosing the life partner. Many are the
statements of the Qur'an and the Sunnah that prescribe kindness and
equity, compassion and love, sympathy and consideration, patience and
good will. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, says, "The
best Muslim isthe one who is best to his family." Also, he says, "…
and the most blessed joy in life is a good, righteous wife." (Reported
by At-Tirmidhi)
The role of the husband evolves around the moral principle that it is
his solemn duty to Allah to treat his wife with kindness, honor, and
patience; to keep her honorably or free her from the marital bond
honorably; and to cause her no harm or grief. AllahAlmighty says:
"…consort with them in kindness, for if you hate them it may happen
that you hate a thing wherein Allah has placed much good." (An-Nisa':
19)
The role of the wife is summarized in the verse that women have rights
even as they have duties, according to what is equitable; but men have
adegree over them. Allah Almighty says, "And they (women) have rights
similar to those (of men) over them in kindness, and men are adegree
above them. Allah is Mighty, Wise." (Al-Baqaraqh: 228)
This degree is usually interpreted by Muslim scholars in conjunction
with another passage which states, among other things, that men
aretrustees, guardians, and protectors of women because Allah has made
some of them excel others and because men expend of their means. Allah
Almighty says: "Menare in charge of women,because Allah has made the
one of them to excelthe other, and because they spend of their
property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient,
guarding in secret that which Allah has guarded. As for those from
whom you fear rebellion, admonishthem and banish them to beds apart,
and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them.
Lo! Allah is ever High Exalted, Great." (An-Nisa':34)
A-The Wife's Rights; The Husband's Obligations:
Indonesian Muslim couple
Because the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace and blessings
be upon him, have commanded kindness to women, it is the husband's
duty to:
1- Consort with his wife inan equitable and kind manner. Allah
Almighty says, "… and consort with them in kindness." (An-Nisa': 19)
2- Have responsibility for the full maintenance of the wife, a duty
which he must discharge cheerfully,without reproach, injury, or
condescendence. Allah Almighty says: "Let him who has abundance spend
of his abundance,and he whose provisionis measured, let him spend of
that which Allah has given him. Allah asks naught of anysoul save that
which He has given it. Allah will vouchsafe, after hardship, ease."
(At-Talaq: 7)
Components of Maintenance:
Maintenance entails the wife's incontestable right to lodging,
clothing, nourishing, and general care and well-being.
1-The wife's residence must be adequate so as toprovide her with the
reasonable level of privacy, comfort, and independence. The welfare of
the wife and the stability of the marriage should be the ultimate
goal.
2-What is true of the residence is true of clothing, food, and general
care. The wife hasthe right to be clothed, fed, and cared for by the
husband, in accordance with his means and her style of life. These
rights are to be exercised without extravagance or miserliness.
Non-Material Rights:
A husband is commanded by the law of God to:
1- Treat his wife with equity.
2- Respect her feelings, and to show her kindness and consideration.
3- Not to show his wife any aversion or to subject her to suspense or
uncertainty.
4- Not to keep his wife with the intention of inflicting harm on her
or hindering her freedom.
5- Let her demand freedom from the marital bond, if he has no love or
sympathy for her.
B. The Wife's Obligations; The Husband's Rights:
The main obligation of the wife as a partner in a marital relationship
is to contribute to the success and blissfulness of the marriage as
much as possible. She must be attentive to the comfort and well-being
of her mate. She may neither offend him nor hurt his feelings.
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