I would like to know some of the Sunnahs of Eid and the rulings thereon.
Praise be to Allaah.
Allaah has set out several rulings concerning Eid, including the following:
1 – It is mustahabb to recite takbeer during the night of Eid from
sunset on the last day of Ramadaan until the imamcomes to lead the
prayer. The format of the takbeer is as follows:
Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, laa ilaaha ill-Allaah,Allaahu akbar,
Allaahu akbar, wa Lillaahi'l-hamd (Allaah is Most Great, Allaah is
Most Great, there is no god except Allaah, Allaah is Most Great,
Allaah is Most Great, and all praise be to Allaah).
Or you can say Allaahu akbar three times, so you say:
Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, laa ilaaha ill-Allaah,
Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, wa Lillaahi'l-hamd
(Allaah is Most Great, Allaah is Most Great, Allaah is Most
Great,there is no god except Allaah, Allaah is Most Great, Allaah is
Most Great, Allaah is Most Great, and all praise be to Allaah).
Both are permissible.
Men should raise their voices reciting this dhikr in the marketplaces,
mosques and homes, but women should not raise their voices.
2 – You should eat an oddnumber of dates before leaving for the Eid
prayer, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) did not set out on the day of Eid until he had eaten an odd
number of dates. He should stick to an odd number as the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did.
3 – You should wear your best clothes – this is for men. With regard
to women, they should not wear beautiful clothes when they go out to
the Eid prayer-place, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) said: "Let themgo out looking decent" i.e., in
regular clothes that are not fancy. It is haraamfor them to go out
wearing perfume and makeup.
4 – Some of the scholars regarded it as mustahabb to do ghusl for the
Eid prayer, because it is narrated that some of the salaf did this.
Doing ghusl for Eid prayer is mustahabb, just as it is prescribed for
Jumu'ah because one is going to meet people. So if one does ghusl,
that is good.
5 – The Eid prayer. The Muslims are unanimously agreed that the Eid
prayeris prescribed in Islam. Some of them say that it is Sunnah, some
say that it is fard kafaayah (a communal obligation) and some say that
it is fard 'ayn (an individual obligation), and that not doing it is a
sin. They quoted as evidence the fact that the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) commanded even the virgins and women
in seclusion, i.e., those who did not ordinarily come out, to attend
the Eid prayer place, except that those who were menstruating should
keepaway from the prayer-place itself, because it is not permissible
for a menstruating woman to stay in the mosque; it is permissible for
her to passthrough but not to stay there.
It seems to me, based on the evidence, that it is fard 'ayn (an
individual obligation) and that everymale is obliged to attend the Eid
prayer except for those who have an excuse. This was the view favoured
by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him).
In the first rak'ah the imam should recite Sabbih isma rabbika
al-A'ala (Soorat al-A'la 87) and in the second rak'ah he should recite
Hal ataaka hadeeth ul-ghaashiyah (al-Ghaashiyah 88). Or he may recite
Soorat Qaaf (50) in the first and Sooratal-Qamar (54) in the second.
Both options are narrated in saheeh reports from the Messenger of
Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
6 – If Jumu'ah and Eid fall on the same day, the Eid prayer should be
held, as should Jumu'ah prayer, as is indicated by the apparent
meaning of the hadeeth of al-Nu'maan ibn Basheer which was narrated by
Muslim in his Saheeh. But those who attend the Eid prayer withthe imam
may attend Jumu'ah if they wish, or they may pray Zuhr.
7 – One of the rulings on Eid prayer is that according to many
scholars, if a person comes to the Eid prayer-place before the imam
comes, he should sit down and not pray two rak'ahs, because the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) prayed Eid with
two rak'ahs, and he did not offer any prayer before or after it.
Some of the scholars are of the view that when a person comes he
should not sit down until he has prayed two rak'ahs, because the Eid
prayer-place is a mosque, based on the fact that menstruating women
are not allowed there, so it comes under the same rulings as a mosque,
which indicates that it is amosque. Based on this, it comes under the
general meaning of the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him): "When any one of you enters the mosque, let him
not sit down until he has prayed two rak'ahs." :->
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