and those who committed shirk, enter Paradise after spending some time
in Hell?
Praise be to Allah.
We should understandproperly the general principle concerning this
matter, the matter of entering Paradise and spending eternity in Hell.
It is a simple matter that is explained in a brief hadeeth that was
narrated by Muslim in hisSaheeh(135) from Jaabir (may Allah be pleased
with him) who said: A man cameto the Prophet (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, what are the two
deeds that make entering Paradise or Hell inevitable?
He said: "Whoever dies not associating anything with Allah will enter
Paradise, and whoever dies associating anything with Allah will enter
Hell."
An-Nawawi said: Withregard to the words, "What are the two deeds that
make entering Paradise or Hell inevitable?" what is meant are the
characteristic that makes Paradise inevitable and the characteristic
that makes Hell inevitable. End quote.
This hadeeth explains that what makes it inevitable that a person will
enter Paradise is if he dies believing in Tawheed, and what makes it
inevitable that a person will spend eternity in Hell is if he dies
believing in shirk.
This is a definitive principle that is well-known and well established
in the religion of Islam. There are mutawaatir texts which confirm and
affirm it. Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation ofthe
meaning):
"Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with him in
worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He
pleases, andwhoever sets up partners with Allah in worship, he has
indeed invented a tremendous sin"
[an-Nisa' 4:48].
The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) explained, in
the hadeeth about intercession, the situation of the sinners in Hell,
and he explained that no one will be brought out of Hell except those
who died believing in Tawheed and uttered the Shahaadah (testimony of
faith), and had in their hearts something of faith: "There will be
brought out of the Fireanyone who said,Laa ilaaha ill-Allah(there is
no god but Allah) and had in his heart goodness equal to the weight of
a grain of barley. Then there willbe brought out of the Fire anyone
who saidLaa ilaaha ill-Allah(there is no god but Allah) and had in his
heart goodness equal to the weight of a grain of wheat. Then there
will be brought out of the Fire anyone who saidLaa ilaaha
ill-Allah(there is no god but Allah) and hadin his heart goodness
equal to the weight of a small ant."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 6861; Muslim, 285.
Based on that, we can find out the situation of those mentioned in the question.
1.
If a person fell into major shirk, whether he was originally a mushrik
like the Jews, Christians, Buddhists and other types of disbelievers,
or he was a Muslim then he apostatised from Islam by falling into
major shirk – as mentioned in the question – then his claim to belong
to Islam or his having a Muslim name will be of no benefit to him, and
neither will any good deeds that he did and so on, if he fellinto
major shirk and died in that state without having repented. Allah, may
He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And indeed it has been revealed to you (O Muhammad SAW), as it was to
those (Allahs Messengers) before you: 'If you joinothers in worship
with Allah, (then) surely (all) your deeds will be in vain, and you
will certainly be among the losers.'
Nay! But worship Allah (Alone and none else), and be among the grateful"
[az-Zumar 39:65-66].
2.
The one who does not pray at all, either in his house or in the
mosque, and does not attend Jumu'ah or prayers in congregation, has
alsorendered his good deeds invalid and has falling into kufr by
notpraying at all. The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him) said: "The covenant that stands between us and them
– i.e., the characteristic that separates the Muslimsfrom the
disbelievers – is the prayer. Whoever does not pray has disbelieved."
Narrated by at-Tirmidhi, 2545; an-Nasaa'i, 459. classed as saheeh by al-Albaani.
For more information on the kufr of the one who does not pray, see the
answer to question no. 5208
3.
With regard to the hypocrites, if what is meant is the people ofmajor
hypocrisy, namely those who make a show of being believers in this
worldwhen they are concealing kufr in their hearts and hiding it from
the people, they will be in a worse position than the kuffaar and
mushrikeen. Hence their fate will be in the lowest levels of Hell, as
Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Verily, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths (grade) of the
Fire; no helper will you find for them"
[an-Nisa' 4:145].
4.
But if what you meant by hypocrites is those who fall into some acts
of hypocrisy, such as lying or betraying atrust or breaking a promise;
or he fell into some kind of minor shirk, such as showing off or
swearing by something other than Allah; or who fell into some major or
minor sin – such a person does not become a kaafir just by doing that
thing. It does not put him beyond the pale of Islam and he will not
spend eternityin Hell because of it, if he dies believing in Tawheed.
Rather his case is up to Allah: if He wills He will punishhim for his
sin, then admit him toParadisebecause of his belief in Tawheed, or He
willbestow His grace upon him from the outset and admit him
intoParadise and forgive him for the sins that he committed.
Al-Bukhaari (6933) and Muslim (1659) narrated that Abu Dharr said: The
Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said:
"Jibreel appeared to me at the side of the harrah and said: 'Give your
ummah the glad tidings that whoever dies not associating anything with
Allah will enter Paradise.' I said: 'O Jibreel, even if he steals and
even if commits zina?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Evenif he steals and
even if commits zina?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Evenif he steals and
even if he commits zina?' He said: 'Yes, and even if he drinks
alcohol.'"
And Allah knows best.
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