Friday, July 5, 2013

Sonar Inside a Dolphin’s Skull

A dolphin can distinguish between two different metal coins under
water in complete darkness and up to 3 kilometers away. Does it see
that far? No, it does this without seeing. It can make such accurate
determinations by means of the perfect design of an echolocation
system inside its skull. It gathers very detailed information on
shape, size, speed and structure of near objects.
It takes some time for a dolphin to master the skills needed to use
such a complicated system. While an experienced adult dolphin can
detect most objects through a few signals, a juvenile has to
experiment for years.
Dolphins do not use their echolocation just to detect their
surroundings. Sometimes they group during feeding and emit
high-pitched sounds so powerful that they dazzle their prey, which are
then ready to be picked up. An adult dolphin produces sounds inaudible
to humans (20,000 Hz. and above). The focusing of soundwaves is done
in several areas of the dolphin's head. The melon, which is a fatty
structure in the dolphin's forehead, serves as an accaustical lens and
focuses the clicks of the dolphin into a narrow beam.
Therefore, the dolphin can directthe clicks at will by moving its
head. It can direct these waves at will by moving its head.
The clicks immediately echo back when they hit any obstacle.The lower
jaw acts as a receptor,which transmits the signals backto the ear. On
each side of the lower jaw is a thin bony area, which is in contact
with a lipid material. Sound is conducted through this lipid material
to the auditory bullae, a large vesicle. Then the ear forwards the
data to the brain, which analyses and interprets the meanings. A
similar lipid material also exists in the sonar of whales.
Different lipids (fatty compounds) bend the ultrasonic(sound waves
above our range of hearing) sound waves traveling through them in
different ways. The different lipids have to be arranged in the right
shape and sequence in order to focus the returning sound waves. Each
separate lipidis unique and different from normal blubber lipids and
is made by a complicated chemicalprocess that requires a number of
different enzymes. This sonar system in dolphins could not possibly
have developed gradually, as claimed by the theory of evolution. That
is because only by the time the lipids would have evolved to their
final place and shape, couldthe creature have made use of this crucial
system. In addition, support systems like the lower jaw, the inner ear
system and the analysis centre in the brain would all have to be fully
developed. Echolocation clearly is an "irreducibly complex" system,
which for it to have evolved in phases is simply impossible. Hence, it
is obvious that the system is another flawless creation of God.

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