salaatulwitr should be read silently in the month of ramadhaan? Apart
from the general ahaadeeth on reading a duaa in silent tone.
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Bismillah
Al-jawab billahi at-taufeeq (the answer with Allah's guidance)
Qunut, according to the definition of the Fuqaha', "is the name of a
Du'a (supplication) offered during prayer at a specific point while
standing." It is prescribed in Witr prayer before the Ruku),according
to the opinionof the Hanafis.
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It was narrated that Umar (RadhiyAllahu Anhu) prayed Qunut with the
following words:
"Allaahumma inna nasta'eenuka wa nu'minu bika, wa natawakkalu 'alayka
wa nuthni 'alayka al-khayr, wa laa nakfuruka. Allaahumma iyyaaka
na'budu wa laka nusalli wa nasjudu, wa ilayka nas'aa wa nahfid. Narju
rahmataka wa nakhsha 'adhaabaka, inna 'adhaabaka al-jadd bil kuffaari
mulhiq..
(O Allaah, verily we seek Your help, we believe in You, we put our
trust in You and we praise You and we are not ungrateful to You. O
Allaah, You alone we worship and to You we pray and prostrate, for
Your sake we strive. We hope for Your mercy andfear Your punishment,
for Your punishment willcertainly reach the disbelievers...)
(Al-Bayhaqi, 2/210, See also: Ibn Abi Shaibah, Chapter: The Qunut of Witr)
It is mentioned that Umar (RadhiyAllahu Anhu) used to recite this Du'a
silently and sometimes aloud to teach the people. (Maraqil Falah
Pg.143)
Regarding the issue of the Imam reciting Du'a Qunut (Allahumma Inna
Nastainuka...) audibly or silently is one regarding which nothing has
been narrated from the Imamsof the Madhab. The Fuqaha attempted to
ascertain what their views could be in this regard, by making Takhrij
(extracting) of this Mas'alah from other related Masa'il and Qawaid
(rules), however they were unable to come to any conclusive decision,
as some felt that Imam Muhammad would feel it should be recited
silently and Imam Abu Yusuf the opposite.
The early Fuqaha then looked at the students ofImam Muhamad and found
that his students would recite it silently. This indicated that this
was the view of Imam Muhammad. The early Fuqaha of the Madhab all gave
fatwa on this view, which has been the Fatwa of the Madhabfor the last
1000 years plus based on their understanding of the Usuls of the Imams
of theMadhab and the practiceof their students.
Thus, according to the most preferred opinion, Du'a Qunut should be
recited silently and completely (i.e. the Imam, Muqtadi and Munfarid
should all recite it silently).
(Raddul Muhtar, Chapter:Witr and Nawafil Vol.2 Pg.444, , Fataawa
Hindiyyah, Chapter: Salatul Witr Vol.1 Pg.123)
Also, It was the scholars of Ma wara' al-Nahar ("what lies beyond the
river," i.e., Oxus, or called Transoxiana which basically comprised
modern Uzbekistan) who opted for Ikhfa (silent) with the Qunut of
Witr.
Allah Ta'ala says,
"Call on your lord with humility and in private" (Al-A'raf, 55).
Prophet (Sallallahu AlaihiWasallam) said, "The best Du'a is the Du'a
in silence. (Ahmad Vol.1 Pg.176, Ibn Abi Shaibah Vol. 1 Pg.376)
(see: 'Ilaus Sunan, Chapter: Reciting the Du'a Qunut silently in Witr
prayer Vol.4 Pg.1837-1839)
It is thus clear that the opinion of reciting it audibly isn't
narrated from the Imams of the Madhab and neither wasit the practice
of the Mutaqaddimin (early Fuqaha).
With regards to Qunut Nazila (Allahummahdini Fiman Hadayta....) it is
recited aloud.
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Whenever Allah's Apostleintended to invoke evil upon somebody or
invoke good upon somebody, he used to invoke (Allah after bowing (in
the prayer). Sometimes after saying,"Allah hears him who sends his
praises to Him, all praise is for You, O our Lord," he would say,"O
Allah. Save Al-Walid bin Al-Walid and Salama bin Hisham, and 'Aiyash
bin Abu Rabi'a. O Allah! Inflict Your Severe Torture on Mudar (tribe)
and strike them with (famine) years like the years of Joseph." The
Prophet used to say in a loud voice, and he also used to say in some
of his Fajr prayers, "O Allah!Curse so-and-so and so-and-so." naming
some of the Arab tribes till Allah revealed:--"Not for you (O
Muhammad) (but for Allah) is the decision." (3.128) (Bukhari,
Chapter:Tafseer (Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an))
Note: According to the Hanafis Qunut Nazilah is only recited in Fajr
prayers at times of adversities and disaster. (See: 'Ilaus Sunan)
And Only Allah Ta'ala Knows Best.
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