Will the one who has either of these two characteristics remain in
Hell for eternity in the sense thathe will never get out of it?
Praise be to Allah.
Major hypocrisy is the hypocrisy of one who conceals disbelief whilst
making an outward show of being a Muslim. Al-Jarjaani (may Allah have
mercy on him) said:The hypocrite is the one who is a disbeliever in
his heart but pays lip service to faith outwardly. End quote.
At-Ta'reefaat, p. 298
The one who pretends outwardly to believe in Allah, His Angels, His
Books, His Messengers and the Last Day, whilst inwardly believing that
which is contrary to that or part of it, is the hypocrite in the sense
ofmajor hypocrisy.
These are the ones who are referred to in the verse in which Allah,
may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning): "Verily, the
hypocrites will be in the lowest depths (grade) ofthe Fire" [an-Nisa'
4:145].
Some of the most prominent of their characteristics are lying,
treachery, deceit and resorting to foul speech when disputing.
With regard to minor hypocrisy – which is also called hypocrisy of
actions – this refers to hypocrisy in deeds. That is when a person
does righteous actions but they do not truly represent what is in his
heart, or he behaves differently in private and in public, but that
does not have to do withthe fundamentals of faith mentioned above.
Such a person may fall into one of the branchesof hypocrisy of
actions, or he may have some of the characteristics of thehypocrites,
such as lying,treachery and breaking promises.
It was narrated from 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr (may Allah be pleased with
him) that the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said:
"There are four characteristics, whoever has them all is a pure
hypocrite, and whoever has one of them has one of the characteristics
of hypocrisy, until he gives it up: when he is entrusted with
something he betrays that trust, when he speaks he lies, when he makes
a covenant he breaks it, and when he disputes he resorts to obscene
speech."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari (54) and Muslim (58).
If any of those who believe in Tawheed (the Oneness of Allah) has
anyof these characteristics, he has fallen into minor hypocrisy to the
extent to which he has done such deeds or has that characteristic,
because he resembles the hypocrites in some of their actions, even if
he is not exactly like them.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The word hypocrisy refers to major hypocrisywhich means
concealingdisbelief, or minor hypocrisy which means behaving
differently in private and in public with regard to obligatory duties.
… This is well known among the scholars and this is how they
interpreted the words of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be
upon him), "The signs of the hypocrite are three: when he speaks he
lies, when he makes a promise he breaks it, and when he is entrusted
with something he betrays that trust." Narrated by at-Tirmidhi and
others. More than one of the early scholars said: A lesser form of
kufr, a lesser form of hypocrisy, a lesser form of shirk.
Majmoo' al-Fataawa, 11/140
Al-Haafiz Ibn Rajab (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The interpretation givenby the respectable scholars is that
hypocrisyin the linguistic sense refers to a kind of treachery and
betrayal, making an outward display of goodness whilst inwardly
concealing the opposite.In Islamic terms it may be divided into two
categories, the first of which is major hypocrisy, which is when a
person makes anoutward show of believing in Allah, His Angels, His
Books, His Messengers and the Last Day, whilst inwardly concealing the
opposite of that in whole or in part. This is the kind of hypocrisy
that existed at the time of the Messenger of Allah (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him), and Qur'an was revealed condemning those
hypocrites and describing them as disbelievers, and stating that they
would be in the lowest level of Hell. The second type of hypocrisy is
minor hypocrisy, which is hypocrisy of deeds. That is when a person
makes an outward show of being righteous when inwardly he is the
opposite of that.
To sum up, minor hypocrisy refers to behaving differently in private
and in public, as was stated by al-Hasan. Minor hypocrisy is a means
that may lead to major hypocrisy, just as sins are the harbinger
ofdisbelief. Just as there is the fear that the one who persists in
sin may be deprived of faith at the time of death, there is also the
fear that the one who persists in one of the characteristics of
hypocrisy will be deprived of faith and will become a pure hypocrite.
Imam Ahmad was asked: What do you say about one who does not fear
hypocrisy for himself? He said: Who can be sure that he is safe from
hypocrisy? Al-Hasan used to call the one who did deeds of hypocrisy a
hypocrite, and something similar was narrated from Hudhayfah. End
quote from Jaami' al-'Uloom wa'l-Hukam, p. 430-434
If a person has any level of minor hypocrisy and dies in that state,
he will not remain in Hell for eternity. Rather the one who will
remain in Hell for eternity is the hypocrite in the sense ofmajor
hypocrisy. However, minor hypocrisy is a means thatmay lead to major
hypocrisy, as stated above. Hence the Sahaabah and the early
generations (may Allah be pleased with them) used to seek refuge
withAllah from it.
Based on that, if any Muslim has any of the characteristics of minor
hypocrisy, he is not one of those who will remainin Hell forever;
rather he is subject to the will of Allah, may He be exalted,in the
Hereafter: if He wills, He will punish him in Hell for his sin, then
bring him forth from it because of his belief in Tawheed, or if He
wills, He will forgive him from the outset. His situation is like that
of sinners among the monotheists. As for the hypocrite in the sense of
major hypocrisy, he will abide forever in Hell – we seek refuge with
Allah from the Fire.
And Allah knows best.
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