Does the speed of an object change the passage of time?
How has the relativity of time once again been proved in a study
published in Science magazine?
How does the Qur'an refer to time as a relative concept?
The Theory of Relativity revealed that there are different time zones
in space, dependent on velocity and position.
Time is a perception, justlike smell or touch or sight, and is a means
of comparing one moment with another. And just like other perceptions,
ittakes place in the brain and appears when various imaginary entities
within the brain are compared. For example, when we strikean object a
specific sound is given off. The same sound is given off when we hit
it again 5 minutes later. One imagines that there is anintervening
period between the first sound and the second and refers to that as
"time." But the fact is that when he hears the second sound, the first
is merely an illusion in his mind and exists solely within his memory.
One obtainsthe perception of time by comparing the moment in one's
memory with the present one. Were it not for that process of
comparison, there would be no perception of time.
Time Changes According to the Perceiver
The relativity of time canclearly be experienced indreams. Even if we
imagine that we have been dreaming for hours, they in fact take place
in just a few minutes or seconds. Almighty Allah refers to this in the
Qur'an in the story of the cave. According to the Qur'an, our Lord
kept a community of believers, the Companions of the Cave, in a
sleep-like statefor some 300 years. When He later woke them they
thought they had only been there for a very brief space of time and
were unable toestimate how long they had been asleep. This is revealed
as follows in the Qur'an:
" So We sealed their ears with sleep in the cave for a number of
years. Then We woke them up again so that we might see which of the
two groups would better calculate the time they had stayed there."
(Suratal-Kahf, 11-12)
" That was the situation when We woke them up so they could question
one another. One of them asked, 'How long have you been here?' They
replied, 'We have been here for a day or part of a day.' They said,
'Your Lord knows best how long you have beenhere. Send one of your
number into the city with this silver you have,so he can see which
food is purest and bring you some of it to eat. Buthe should go about
withcaution so that no one isaware of you," (Surat al-Kahf, 19)
This example from the Qur'an shows that our knowledge regarding the
passage of time is based on reference point that alters according to
the person perceiving them. The reason why a person says, "I am 30
years old" is that information pertaining to those 30 years has
accumulated inhis brain. Were it not forhis memory, he would be unable
to think of theintervening space of time and would live in a constant
single "moment." We think thattime is always moving forward because
our brains are used to such amethod of ordering events. The fact is,
however, that this is a decision made in the brain, and is therefore
completely relative.
Time Has Been Scientifically Proved to Be a Perception
It was Albert Einstein, regarded as the greatestphysicist of the 20th
century, who launched the theory of "the Relativity of Time."
According to this theory, known as the theory of relativity, time and
spaceare perceptions. To put it another way, there is no such thing as
absolute time. The way we perceive time and space depend on where we
are and how we are moving:
The Passage of Time Changes According to the Effect of Gravity :
The position of a body influences time. According to Einstein's theory
of relativity, time slows down under the effect of gravity.
Accordingly, the passengers on a plane flying somewhere with lower
gravity will age bya few extra nanosecondson every trip. The renowned
physicist Stephen Hawking describes this using the example of twins:
"Consider a pair of twins. Suppose that one twin goes to live on top
of a mountain while the other stays at sea level. The first twin would
age faster than the second. Thus, if they met again, one would be
older thanthe other." (Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time, p.54)
Einstein and Hawking's theory that that time passes more slowly near
centers of gravity has been proved by experiments conducted by
American scientists. A rocket at high altitude and two separate sites
with different gravitational fields wereselected for the first
experiment. Two very sensitive atomic clocks, capable of measuring
atomic vibrations were installed in these two locations, which had
different gravitational fields because of their different altitudes,
and the relative nature of time was confirmed. Thescope of the
experiment has today been increased and relativity has been observed
in daily life. Two atomic clocks hundreds of timesmore sensitive than
the original ones were used for this experiment. But it was not the
two sensitive atomic clocks that distinguished this experiment from
the earlier one. The difference in elevation between the two clocks
was a mere 33 cm.
According to the results of the experiment, published in the American
magazine Science on 24 September, being 33 cm higher, in other words
two steps higher, causes time to pass faster because pressure is
slightly reduced, and someone standing above these two steps ages
slightly faster. However, since Almighty Allah has not created
thisphenomenon in such a way as to eliminate the need for free will,
the difference is only one 90billionth of a second in alife span of 97
years, andis therefore imperceptible to anyone.
The conclusion from these scientific findings summarized very briefly
here is that the fact that time is a perception has once again been
confirmed. This fact was also revealed hundreds of years ago in the
Qur'an. The relevant verses read:
" ... A day with your Lord is equivalent to a thousand years in the
way you count." (Surat al-Hajj, 47)
" He directs the whole affair from heaven to earth. Then it will again
ascend to Him on a Day whose length is a thousand years by the way you
measure." (Surat as-Sajda)
" The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day whose length is
fifty thousand years." (Surat al-Ma'arij, 4)
The Velocity of an ObjectAffects the Passage of Time :
Time passes faster or slower depending on the velocity of an object
and its position (proximity to center of gravity). The more an object
accelerates (in proximity to the center of gravity), the slower the
effect of time on it. In other words, time contracts as velocity
increases; it passes more slowly, as if approachinga "stop" point. We
can clarify this with another example from Einstein. One of two twins
of the same age stays on Earth while the other sets off on a space
voyage at a speed approaching that of light. When the person who goes
into space returns, his twin will be older than he is. The reason is
that time passes more slowly for the twin who travels at high speed in
space. Thisconclusion that Einstein arrived at in the 1900s has been
confirmed by aNASA-supported project.
NASA confirmed Einstein's claim that large object such as the Earth
bend time and space as they revolve around their own axes by taking
measurementsusing two satellites orbiting the Earth. At theend of the
study, the measurements performed showed an annual 2-meter deviation
in the direction of the Earth's movement of the satellites' orbit
around it. In other words, the satellites were being propelled 2
meters outward off their orbits. This is in 99% agreementwith
Einstein's calculations regarding the interface of time andspace.
The varying effect of an object's velocity on the passage of time
revealedby the NASA satellites hasalso been determined in daily life
by NASA researchers. It appears that when one travels faster than 32
km an hour, time passes more slowly.
The scientific experiments in question prove that we can never know
how or even if time passes. That, in turn, shows that time has no
absolute reality, that it is simply a perception. This fact,
corroborated by modernscience, that time is simply a psychological
perception and that it can be perceived differently depending on
events, location and prevailing conditions, is revealed thus in the
Qur'an:
" On the Day He calls you,you will respond by praising Him and think
that you have only tarried a very short time." (Surat al-Isra', 52)
Time Is a Perception
Let us imagine we are sitting in a room specially designed to have
just one window, and that we are spending a specific length of time
there. There is a clock by whichwe can see time passing.We can also
see the Sun rise and set periodically from that window. When asked,
after a few days, how long we have been in that room, the answer we
give will be acalculation based on information acquired from looking
at the clockand on how many times the Sun has risen and set. For
example, we calculate we have been in the room for three days. But if
the person who put us in the room says, "You have actually been here
for two days,"and then tells us that theSun we saw from the window was
actually created artificially and that the clock in the room had been
specially designed to run fast, then our earlier calculation will be
meaningless. This example also shows that our information regarding
the passage of time is based on reference points themselves based on
perception.
Since all events appear to take place in a specific order, we think
that time always moves forward. For example, a skier always skis
downward on a mountain, not upward, or a drop of water always flows
down a window and not up. Theskier's state at the bottom of the run is
the future, and that at the top of the mountain is the past. But if
all the information in our memories began to be played backward, like
rewinding a film, then the past would be his state at the bottom of
the run, and the future would be the condition applying before he sets
off.
Almighty Allah Is Unfettered by Time and Space. Human Beings AreBound
by Time and Space Because They Are Weak
Time and space are not absolute concepts, but rather ones with
beginnings and that were created out of nothing by Allah. It has been
scientifically proved that time is a relative concept, that it is not
fixed and unchanging in the way that materialists believed for
hundreds ofyears, and that it is a variable form of perception. In
this way, it has totally refuted the materialist claim of "absolute
time and an eternal universe."
Almighty Allah created the "moment" in an infinitely brief moment,
together with an eternalpast and infinite future. Time was created
subsequently, for humanbeings. Allah, Who created time and space, is
of course unfettered by them. Allah determined every moment of time
within timelessness, and then created it. That is the essence of the
fact of "destiny" that materialists are so at a loss to understand.
Everything that for us has happened in the past or will happen in the
future, is included within the omniscience and dominion of Allah, Who
is unfettered by time and Who created it out of nothing.
Modern science also confirms truths that our Lord revealed in the
Qur'an 1400 years ago and that believers have believed in with all
their hearts. This once again bears witness that the Qur'an is the
word of Allah.
"... They said, 'Glory be toYou! We have no knowledge except what You
have taught us. You are the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.'" (Surat
al-Baqara, 32)
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