mosque is far away, is it obligatory for me to pray Jumu'ah and pray
in congregation?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Jumu'ah prayer is one ofthe symbols of Islam and is one of the major
obligations. There are stern warnings against abandoning it, as the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Whoever
misses three Jumu'ahs out of neglect, Allaah will place a seal upon
his heart." Narrated by Abu Dawood, 1052; al-Nasaa'i, 1369; Ibn
Maajah, 1126; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.
Prayer in congregation is obligatory for every able-bodied man who
hears the call. The fact that it is obligatory is indicated by a great
dealof evidence, which you may see in the answer toquestion no. 120 .
What is meant by hearing the call is that a person can hear the adhaan
if it is given at a normal volume without loudspeakers, when the
muezzin raises his voice, and the wind and other sounds etc that could
affect hearing are silent. See question no. 21969 and 20655 .
This has to do with the five daily prayers in congregation. As for
Jumu'ah, this is another matter. The fuqaha' say that everyone who is
in the city or village in which Jumu'ah prayers are held is obliged to
attend, whether they can hear the call or not. This is agreed upon, as
we shall see below.
As for those who are outside the city or village where no Jumu'ah
prayer is held, there is a difference of scholarly opinion concerning
them.
Some of the fuqaha' say that if they can hear the call – the call to
Jumu'ah in the city or village – then they are obliged to pray
Jumu'ah, but if theycannot hear it then they are not obliged to do
so.This is the view of the Shaafa'is and is the opinion of Muhammad
ibn al-Hasan. Fatwas to this effect have also been issued by the
Hanafis.
Some of them say that if there is more than one farsakh (i.e., three
miles)between them and the place of Jumu'ah, then they are not obliged
to attend Jumu'ah, but if it is a farsakh or less then they must
attend. This is the view of the Maalikis and Hanbalis.
Some of them say that the one who is able to go to Jumu'ah and then
return to his family before nightfall is obliged to attend. This was
narrated by Ibn al-Mundhir from Ibn 'Umar, Anas, Abu Hurayrah,
Mu'aawiyah, al-Hasan, Naafi' the freed slave of Ibn 'Umar, 'Ikrimah,
'Ata', al-Hakam,al-Awzaa'i and Abu Thawr.
We have drawn attention to the ruling on those who are outside the
city or village because some people think that this difference of
opinion applies to those who areinside the city, but that is mistaken
thinking.
Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:al-Shaafa'i said to his
companions: If there are forty or more mature people in the city, then
Jumu'ah is obligatory foreveryone who is in the city, even if the city
is wider than many farsakh, whether they can hear the call or not.
This is unanimously agreed upon.
End quote from al-Majmoo', 4/353
Al-Mardaawi said in al-Insaaf: The difference of opinion concerning
what is meant by a farsakh, or whether theyare able to hear the call,
or whether they can go and come back in one day, apply to those who
live in a village where the numbers do not reach the level stipulated
for Jumu'ah, or those who live in tents and the like, or those who are
travelling a distance that is less than that at which it becomes
permissible to shorten one's prayers. The dispute is concerning these
and similar cases. As for the one who is living in a city where
Jumu'ah prayers are held, he is obliged to attend even ifthere are
many farsakhs between him and the place of Jumu'ah, whether he can
hear thecall or not, and whether his building is contiguous to the
city or is separate, if it is called by the same name.
End quote.
See: Majma' al-Anhar, 1/169; Haashiyat al-'Adawi 'ala Sharh
al-Risaalah, 1/376; Kashshaaf al-Qinaa', 2/22.
Conclusion: The one whois living n a city is obliged to attend
Jumu'ah, whether he can hear the call or not. This is a matter
concerning which there is no difference of opinion among the scholars.
But there is a difference of opinion concerning what is meant by a
"city"in cases where the houses are far apart and scattered, and there
are farms and agricultural areas in between the residential quarters.
Some of the scholars said: If they are separated, with farms in
between, then each quarter is like a separatecity.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, after
quoting this opinion: But the correct view is that so long as they
come under one name, then this is one city. If we assume that the city
has spread and there aremiles or farsakhs between one side and the
other, it is still a single city and Jumu'ah is obligatory for those
on its eastern edge just as for those on its western edge, and the
same applies to the north and south, because it is one city. End quote
from al-Sharh al-Mumti', 5/17.
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