people by their names and the names of their mothers, and what is
theresponse to those who say that? Is there any shar'i evidence?.
Praise be to Allaah.
The idea that people willbe called by their mothers' names is mistaken
and goes against that which is proven in the saheeh Sunnah which
indicates that they will be attributed to their fathers. In his
Saheeh, al-Bukhaari included a chapter entitled "Chapter: The people
willbe called by their father's names, in which he quoted hadeeth no.
6177 from Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him), that the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "A banner will be
raised forthe betrayer on the Day of Resurrection and it will be said:
This is the betrayer of So and so the son of So and so."
This hadeeth was also narrated by Muslim (1735).
That which was narratedsaying that people will be called by their
mothers' names is da'eef(weak).
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in Tuhfat al-Mawdood
bi Ahkaam al-Mawlood (p. 147):
Chapter Ten: Mankind will be called on the Day of Resurrection by
their fathers' names and not by their mothers'. This is the correct
view which isindicated by the saheeh Sunnah and was stated by the
imams such as al-Bukhaari and others. He said in his Saheeh: The
people will be calledon the Day of Resurrection by their fathers'
names and not by their mothers'. Then he quoted in this chapter the
hadeeth of Ibn 'Umar who said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "When Allaah gathers the first
and the last on the Day of Resurrection, Allaah will raise for every
betrayer a banner on the Day of Resurrection and it will be said: This
is the betrayer of So and so the son of So and so."
In Sunan Abi Dawood (4948) it is narrated witha jayyid isnaad from
Abu'l-Darda' that he said:The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) said: "You will be called on the Day of
Resurrection by your names and the names of your fathers, so choose
good names for yourselves."
Some people claimed that they will be called by their mothers' names
and they quoted as evidence for that a hadeeth which is not sound.
This appears in Mu'jam al-Tabaraani in the hadeeth of Abu Umaamah from
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "When one of
your brothers dies and you have levelled the dirt over his grave, let
one of you stand at the head of his grave and say: O So and so son of
So and so [his mother's name], for he can hear him but cannot reply.
Then let him say: OSo and so son of So and so [his mother's name], and
he will say: Tell us, may Allaah have mercy on you." And in this
hadeeth it says that a man said: O Messenger of Allaah, what if his
mother's name is not known? He said: Then lethim be attributed to his
mother Hawwa' (Eve), O So and so son of Hawwa'."
al-Haythami said (3/163):Its isnaad includes a number of people whomI
do not know. End quote.
It says in Kashf al-Khifa' (2/375): It was classed as da'eef (weak) by
Ibn al-Salaah, then by al-Nawawi, Ibn al-Qayyim, al-'Iraaqi, Ibn Hajar
in some of his books and by others.
They said: Moreover, a man may not know for sure who his father is,
such as one who is disowned in a case of li'aan or an illegitimate
child, so how can he be called by his father's name?
The answer is: The hadeeth is weak according to the consensus of
scholars of hadeeth. As for the one whose his father is not known, he
will be called as he was called in this world, so a person will be
called in the Hereafter as he was called in this world, whether he was
called by his father's name or his mother's. And Allaah knows best.
End quote.
Note:
Some of them interpreted the verse (interpretation of the meaning):
"(And remember) the Day when We shall call together all human beings
with their (respective) Imam [their Prophets, or their records of good
and baddeeds, or their Holy Books like the Qur'aan, the Tawraat
(Torah), the Injeel (Gospel), or the leaders whom the people followed
in this world]" [al-Isra' 17:71] asreferring to this weak meaning. See
al-Qurtubi (10/257).
Al-Zamakhshari said: Oneof the weird ideas mentioned in tafseer is the
idea that the word "imam" is the plural of the word "umm" (mother) and
that the people will be called on the Day of Resurrection by their
mothers' names,and that the reason why they will be called by their
mothers' names instead of their fathers' is out of respect for the
rights of 'Eesa (peace be upon him) and to show the honourable descent
of al-Hasan and al-Husayn on their mother's side, and so that
illegitimate childrenwill not be embarrassed.How strange these notions
are. End quote. Al-Kashshaaf 2/682.
And Allaah knows best.
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