cold days, knowing that I do not have the ability to purify myself
immediately? In additionto that, I get ill because of the cold that
affects my back, which affects me a great deal.
Praise be to Allaah.
The person who becomes junub and wants to pray must washhimself with
water, because of the verse in which Allaah says (interpretation of
the meaning):
"If you are in a state of Janaaba (i.e. after a sexual discharge),
purify yourselves (bathe your whole body)"
[al-Maa'idah 5:6]
But if a person is unable to use water because there is none
available, or it is available but using it will make his sickness
worse, or because it is very cold – and he has no means of heating it
– then he may do tayammum with dust instead of doing ghusl with water,
because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"But if you are ill or on a journey, or any of you comes after
answering the call of nature, or youhave been in contact with women
(i.e. sexual intercourse), and you find no water, then perform
Tayammum with clean earth"
[al-Maa'idah 5:6]
The verse indicates that a sick person who will be harmed by using
water, such as if doing ghusl will lead to his dying or his sickness
getting worse, or his recovery being delayed, should do tayammum.
Allaah has told us how todo tayammum, as He says:
"and rub therewith yourfaces and hands"
[al-Maa'idah 5:6] And Allaah has told us the reason for this law, as
He says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Allaah does not want toplace you in difficulty, but He wants to
purify you, and to complete His Favour to you that you may be
thankful"
[al-Maa'idah 5:6]
It was narrated that 'Amribn al-'Aas (may Allaah be pleased with him)
said: I experienced a wetdream on a cold night during the campaign of
Dhaat al-Salaasil, and I was afraid that if I did ghusl I would die,
so I did tayammum, then I prayed Fajr with my companions. They
mentioned that to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) and he said: "O 'Amr, did you lead your companions in prayer when
you were junub?" I told him what had kept me from doing ghusl and I
said: "I heardAllaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 'And do not
kill yourselves (nor kill one another). Surely, Allaah is Most
Merciful to you' [al-Nisa' 4:29]." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) smiled and did not say anything.
Narrated by Abu Dawood, 334; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh
Abi Dawood.
Al-Haafiz ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
This hadeeth indicates that it is permissible for the one who thinks
that using water will kill him to do tayammum, whether that is because
of cold or some other reason, and it is permissible for the one who
has done tayammum to pray with those who have done wudoo'.
Fath al-Baari, 1/454
Shaykh 'Abd al-'Azeez ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
If you can find warm water or you are able to heat the cold water, or
you can buy water from your neighbour or from someone else, then you
must use that, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"So keep yourduty to Allaah and fear Him as much as you can"
[al-Taghaabun 64:16]. You have to do whateveryou can, whether
buyingthe water, heating it or whatever ways will enable you to do
wudoo' as prescribed with water. If you are unable to do that and the
cold is severe and is posing a danger to you, and there is no way for
you to heat it or to buy some warm water from those who are around
you, then you are excused, and tayammumis sufficient for you, because
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"So keep your duty to Allaah and fear Him as much as you can"
[al-Taghaabun 64:16]
and:
"and you find no water, then perform Tayammum with clean earth and rub
therewith your faces and hands"
[al-Maa'idah 5:6]
The one who is unable to use water comes under the same ruling asone
who cannot find any water.
Majmoo' Fataawa Ibn Baaz, 10/199,200
You have to wash whatever you can of your body, such as washing the
hands, feet and so on, so long as that will not cause you any harm,
then do tayammum.
We ask Allaah to grant you a speedy recovery, and to make what has
befallen you an expiation for your sins and cause you to rise in
status.
And Allaah knows best.
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