in Makkah, known as the Haram, is always forbidden. It is not confined
to Ihraam. When in Ihraam, hunting anywhere else is also forbidden.
You are allowed to kill scorpions, pythons, poisonous snakes and rats.
If one is attacked by a wild animalit is allowed to kill it. You are
allowed to fishing or slaughter domestic fowls such as goats, sheep,
camels, etc.
The kaffara (expiation) for killing an ostrich is a camel, a wild cow
a cow, a deer or rabbit a sheep. There is expiation of a sheep also
for killing a fox as a matter of precaution (Ihtiyat).
02. Sexual intercourse: Sexual intercourse, or any acts of courtship,
which would arouse sexual desire, is forbidden. Even lustful glance at
ones own wife or husband or any other lady or man who is Na-Mahram is
forbidden. The expiation is one camel or a cow or a sheep in that
order of affordability.
03. Masturbation: To masturbate in any form, this includes all methods
of self-abuse. It has the same precept as sexual intercourse. If it is
done in the state of Ihraam for Hajj-e-Tamattu before staying in
Mashar (Muz-dalifa), the Hajj becomes null and void. All the required
rituals must be completed and the Hajj must be repeated the following
year. But if it is because of looking at or imagining a woman,
although the expiation is as stated above, the Hajj or Umrah remains
valid, but observing precautionis better, i.e. it is Ihtiyat to repeat
the Hajj the following year.
04. Kissing: Kissing one's wife or any other womanwith lust and semen
is discharged; the expiationis one camel that has completed 5 years.
If it is done without lust the expiation is one sheep.
05. Touching: Touching one's wife or any other woman with lust, the
expiation is one sheep. If it is without lust then there is no
expiation.
06. Romancing: Romancing with one's wife or any other womanas a result
of which if semen is discharged the expiation is one camel that has
completed five years. Likewise, for looking at a strange woman with or
without lust as a result of which semen is discharged the expiation is
a camel that has completed five years, if he is rich, a cow if he is
middle class, a sheep if he is poor.
07. Marriage contract (Nikah): To read Nikah forhimself or for others
regardless of whether the other person is in Ihraam or not. This
applies to Muta'a as well. While in all cases the Nikah is batil, the
expiation is Ihtiyatan (precautionary) one sheep. To become witness to
somebody's Nikah is also forbidden.
08. Un-desired smell or odor: To close ones nose or nostrils from bad
smellor odor is not allowed. The expiation of doing sois one sheep.
However, there is no objection if one hastily passes away from the
unpleasant odor.
09. Perfumes: To use perfume or apply it on ones clothes. Perfumes
like Saffron, Camphor, Cloves, Cardamom, Amberand all their uses are
forbidden. Eating and drinking sweet smelling food or fruits like
apples etc. is allowed but it is essential to avoid smelling when
eating or drinking them. As a resultof such willful action an
expiation of one sheep becomes due. There is noobjection to smelling
natural sweet smell coming from the Kaaba.
10. Sewn clothes: It is Haram for men to wear sewn or stitched clothes
in Ihraam. Their clothes must not have sleeves or seams. However,
belts with sewn pockets for keeping money, traveler's cheques,
passports and other valuables, slung around the shoulders or worn
around the waist are allowed. Similarly, Herniabelts can be worn. One
is not allowed to fasten the Ihraam with pins or a needle or anything
of that sort. You cannot even tie a knot. There is no objection to
covering the body, except the head with any cloth while sleeping.
Ladies are allowed to wear all types of sewn clothes during Ihraam,
except forthe hand gloves and wear a veil. The expiation for violation
of this rule is one sheep.
11. Surma: To apply black surma (eyeliner) in the eyes for cosmetic
purposes are strictly forbidden for men and women. If it is neither
black nor for any cosmetic or beautifying purposes, then it is
allowed. The expiation ofviolation is one sheep.
12. Make up/Ornament: All methods of self-beautification, eitherby use
of cosmetics or by ornaments is forbidden. A ring worn for the Niyyat
of thawab, like a Firoza or Aqeeq or Dhoor-e-Najaf is permissible.
Ladies must also refrain from wearing ornaments, except those they
usually wear. But even these must not be displayed to men, even to the
husband. This violation costs one sheep in expiation.
NOTE: If a person is wearing a golden tooth for beauty only, it should
be removed if possible.
13. Henna: To apply henna (Indian Myrtle) is Haraam during Ihraam.
Itshould not be applied even before Hajj, if the color will remain
when wearing Ihraam. The expiation for the violation is Ihtiyatan
(precautionary) one sheep.
14. Mirror: To look into a mirror for cosmetic reason, which means to
appreciate ones looks and features, including combing hair etc., are
forbidden. The expiation of this violation is one sheep. If a driver
wearing Ihraam has to refer to the mirrors of hiscar or bus as he
drives, there is no objection. Spectacle glasses are allowed provided
they are not worn for fashion or beautification, thoughthis should be
avoided if possible.
15. Lying and abusing: To tell lies or abuse and scorn is always
forbiddenbut when in Ihraam it becomes all the more undesirable and
Haraam. Similarly, it is Haraam to boast or brag about onesown
superiority or excellence, with an intention to belittle or under
estimate the others.
Note: This means one has to be very careful not to use abusive, foul
or obscene language in ordinary conversation. If this is done the
expiationis one cow for violation of this rule.
16. Swearing: To take an oath or to swear in any form, particularly
saying LaWallah, Balaa Wallah (no, by God or yes, by God) is Haraam.
The expiation is Istegfaar, (repentance) for the first and second
time, and a sheep for the third time.
The following cases are exceptional.
a) That it is intended to prove thereby some rightor to make the wrong
public to others.
b) That is not meant to swear thereby, but is merely expressing
respect and love.
There is no expiation for a right swearing, provided, it is not more
than twice, and otherwise, the expiation is one sheep. If it is a
wrong swearing, the expiation is one sheep for the first time, for the
second time two sheep and a cow for the third time.
17. Shoes and socks: It is forbidden for men to cover the upper part
of the feet from the toes to the ankle. So, men must not wear socks or
full shoes. Women can wear them, (although); it is better for women to
avoid wearing socks. The expiation for men violating of this rule is
one sheep.
18. Killing insects: It is forbidden to kill insects or even throwing
them down or brush-off an insect originating from one's own body e.g.
parasites, lice, bugs, fleece, etc. There is no harm to transfer them
from one place to another and the expiation for this rule being
violated is to give a handful of food to the poor.
19. Pulling out of a tooth: To have your tooth extracted even if there
is no bleeding due to it. The expiation for violating this rule is one
sheep. (Marhum Ayatoullah Abul Qassim El Khui did not lay emphasison
this. He said this is permitted).
20. Blood: To take out blood from ones own body, or to cause any
bleeding by scratching orbrushing the teeth etc. is Haraam. However,
if this becomes in evitable for relief from any distress, itis
allowed. The expiation for ignoring this rule is one sheep. Note: One
should use salt to brush teeth rather than scentedtoothpaste.
21. Covering of the face: In the state of Ihraam, women are not
allowed to cover their faces with a mask or veil, not even partly,
though they must cover their faces from Na-Mahram by hanging their
head-covering over their faces down to the nose or chin without
touching the face. While saying her Salaat/Namaz, they may cover part
of their forehead etc., in an effort to cover her head and hair fully,
but after Salaat/Namaz, she has to see that her face is not covered
even partially. She must also refrain from immersing her headin water.
Men are not allowed to cover their face at all; their ears mustalso be
visible. Men must not carry any baggage on their heads (fearing their
head may be covered), nor dip themselves in water. However, a
handkerchief or strip of cloth tied on the forehead for relief from a
headache is allowed. The expiation for this violation is one sheep.
NOTE: When sleeping if the face is covered unintentionally, there is
no objection but the cover must be removed immediately, if it is
realized.
22. Ointment: It is forbidden to apply any kind of ointment to the
body, whether it has a sweet smell or not. If however, it becomes
necessary for medical reasons it is allowed. The expiation for this
violation is one sheep.
23. Removing Hairs: To remove or pluck hair from ones own body, or
from another's body, regardless of whether the other fellow is in
Ihraam or not. The expiation for this is a handful of grain to poor.
There are four exceptionsto this.
i) If hair falls itself, while doing Wudhu or Ghusl, there is no objection.
ii) If one's hair has grownto his/her eyelid and is causing distress
and agony, one may remove it.
iii) If the removal of hair becomes inevitable for any good reason and
valid reason. But if due tothe hair, there are too many lice on the
body, and it becomes necessaryto remove the hair so as to be relieved
of the parasite.
iv) You are allowed to stroke your hair or beardor slowly scratch your
body, if you know that bydoing so, no hair would fall, and no bleeding
would be caused.
24. Travel/Shade: Men arenot permitted to travel under any kind of
shade or shadow, be it the hood of a car, an umbrella or walking in
the shadow of a car, bus, caravan or aircraft. All traveling must be
under the open sky. Shades are permitted at the time of resting or
taking a respite on the way. You can ward off sunrays by cupping one
hand. The meaning of refraining from shade or shadow is that men must
not protect themselves from sunrays, cold, heat or rain. So it is not
only the head, which must not go into shade, it is the whole body.
Once you are in Makkah, you are allowed to go under shade or shadow,
even before you have found your accommodation or place of abode.
Women, children and such men who fear that exposure would disable them
or render them very sick, are exempted. But for such men, the
expiation (kaffara) will have to be given in spite of the validexcuse
they may have. The expiation for this violation is one sheep.
According to Ayatoullah Syed Seestani, he allows men to travel in
closed bus during the night. Men may follow his rulings if they are
doing his Taqleed.
25. Cutting of nails: Cutting of nails either whole or partly is not
allowed unless the nail is causing pain. The expiation (kaffara) for
each fingernail being cut is a handful of food/grain to the poor.
Ifall nails of the hands are cut in the same place, theexpiation
(kaffara) will be one sheep. The same is true of feet. If the nails of
both the hands and feet are cut in the same place, the expiation will
be one sheep. If one cuts the nails of his hand in one place and the
feet in another place the expiation will be two sheep.
26. Carrying of weapons: One is not allowed to carry any weapons such
as swords, spears, guns, etc., unless it is absolutelynecessary. There
is no harm in carrying a knife, etc., for cutting fruits, etc.The
expiation for violating this rule is one sheep.
27. Uprooting trees: To uproot, pluck or cut the grass, leaves of the
trees and all that grows from the earth in Makkah and around it, is
not allowed. This is forbidden during Ihraam and also without Ihraam.
28. There are certain acts,as detailed below, which are prohibited all
the time whether one is in Ihraam or not;
a) Hunting.
b) Uprooting or cutting whatever grows in Haram. But there is no
objection if a plant is uprooted unintentionallywhen passing by Haram,
except
(I) Palm or fruit bearing trees.
(II) The grass that is usually fed to the animals.
The expiation for uprooting, or cutting a tree is the cost of the
treebut there is no expiation for grass.
NOTE: All the expiation can be paid in Makkah orat home, except the
expiation of hunting which must be paid in Makkah.
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